List of 3D graphics libraries

3D graphics have become so popular, particularly in video games, that specialized APIs (application programming interfaces) have been created to ease the processes in all stages of computer graphics generation. These APIs have also proved vital to computer graphics hardware manufacturers, as they provide a way for programmers to access the hardware in an abstract way, while still taking advantage of the special hardware of any specific graphics card.

The first 3D graphics framework was probably Core, published by the ACM in 1977.

Low-level 3D API

These APIs for 3D computer graphics are particularly popular:

ANGLE, web browsers graphics engine, a cross-platform translator of OpenGL ES calls to DirectX, OpenGL, or Vulkan API calls.
Direct3D (a subset of DirectX)
Glide a defunct 3D graphics API developed by 3dfx Interactive.
Mantle developed by AMD.
Metal developed by Apple.
OpenGL and the OpenGL Shading Language
OpenGL ES 3D API for embedded devices.
OptiX 7.0 and Latest developed by NVIDIA.
LibGCM
QuickDraw 3D developed by Apple Computer starting in 1995, abandoned in 1998.
Vulkan

Web-based API

WebGL is a JavaScript interface for OpenGL ES API, promoted by Khronos.
WebGPU an under-development web standard and JavaScript API for accelerated graphics and compute.

High-level 3D API

There are also higher-level 3D scene-graph APIs which provide additional functionality on top of the lower-level rendering API. Such libraries under active development include:

BGFX
ClanLib
Crystal Space
HOOPS 3D Graphics System
Horde3D
Irrlicht Engine
Java 3D
Java FX
JMonkey Engine
JT Open from Siemens Digital Industries Software
LibGDX
magnum
Mobile 3D Graphics API (M3G; JSR-184)
OGRE
OpenGL Performer
OpenSceneGraph (now obsolete OSG.JS for WebPlatforms)
OpenSG
QSDK
RAMSES
RenderWare
Panda3D
Zea Engine
Unigine
VTK
Phoenix Engine
ArkGraphics 3D

JavaScript-based engines

There is more interest in web browser based high-level API for 3D graphics engines. Some are:

Flash-based engines