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This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.
The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts[1][2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.
Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.
Kings of Kosala:[3]
Kings of Panchala:
Kings of Anga:
Kings of Kamboja:
Rulers of Shakya:
Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Ruler From (in BCE) | Ruler Until (in BCE) | Marriages | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Vijaya | ? Sinhapura son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali |
505 Tambapanni |
543 | 505 | Kuveni two children Pandu Princes |
Founded Kingdom Marriage to Kuveni |
Upatissa (regent) |
- | - | 505 | 504 | Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister | ||
Panduvasdeva | - | - | 504 | 474 | Nephew of Vijaya | ||
Abhaya | - | - | 474 | 454 | Son of Panduvasdeva | ||
Tissa (regent) |
- | - | 454 | 437 | Younger brother of Abhaya |
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.
Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):
Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE):
Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)
Major dynasties of Velir are-
Banavasi branch rulers-
Triparvatha branch rulers-
The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:
List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers
List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)
Kings of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)
According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.[6]
In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties):
The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:[8]
R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.
Serial No. | Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Nagabhata I | 730–760 |
2 | Kakustha and Devaraja | 760–780 |
3 | Vatsaraja | 780–800 |
4 | Nagabhata II | 800–833 |
5 | Ramabhadra | 833–836 |
6 | Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I | 836–885 |
7 | Mahendrapala I | 885–910 |
8 | Bhoja II | 910–913 |
9 | Mahipala I | 913–944 |
10 | Mahendrapala II | 944–948 |
11 | Devapala | 948–954 |
12 | Vinayakapala | 954–955 |
13 | Mahipala II | 955–956 |
14 | Vijayapala II | 956–960 |
15 | Rajapala | 960–1018 |
16 | Trilochanapala | 1018–1027 |
17 | Yasahpala | 1024–1036 |
Known Baddoch rulers are-
Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[11]
Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Chahamana | (mythical) |
2 | Vasu-deva | c. 551 CE (disputed) |
3 | Samanta-raja | 684–709 |
4 | Nara-deva | 709–721 |
5 | Ajaya-raja I | 721–734 |
6 | Vigraha-raja I | 734–759 |
7 | Chandra-raja I | 759–771 |
8 | Gopendra-raja | 771–784 |
9 | Durlabha-raja I | 784–809 |
10 | Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I | 809–836 |
11 | Chandra-raja II | 836–863 |
12 | Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II | 863–890 |
13 | Chandana-raja | 890–917 |
14 | Vakpati-raja | 917–944 |
15 | Simha-raja | 944–971 |
16 | Vigraha-raja II | 971–998 |
17 | Durlabha-raja II | 998–1012 |
18 | Govinda-raja III | 1012–1026 |
19 | Vakpati-raja II | 1026–1040 |
20 | Viryarama | 1040 (few months) |
21 | Chamunda-raja | 1040–1065 |
22 | Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala | 1065–1070 |
23 | Vigraha-raja III alias Visala | 1070–1090 |
24 | Prithvi-raja I | 1090–1110 |
25 | Ajaya-raja II | 1110–1135 |
26 | Arno-raja alias Ana | 1135–1150 |
27 | Jagad-deva | 1150 |
28 | Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva | 1150–1164 |
29 | Apara-gangeya | 1164–1165 |
30 | Prithvi-raja II | 1165–1169 |
31 | Someshvara | 1169–1178 |
32 | Prithviraja III Rai Pithora | 1177–1192 |
33 | Govinda-raja IV | 1192–1193 |
34 | Hari-raja | 1193–1194 |
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Lakshmana | 950–982 |
2 | Shobhita | 982–986 |
3 | Baliraja | 986–990 |
4 | Vigrahapala | 990–994 |
5 | Mahindra | 994–1015 |
6 | Ashvapala | 1015–1019 |
7 | Ahila | 1019–1024 |
8 | Anahilla | 1024–1055 |
9 | Balaprasada | 1055–1070 |
10 | Jendraraja | 1070–1080 |
11 | Prithvipala | 1080–1090 |
12 | Jojalladeva | 1090–1110 |
13 | Asharaja | 1110–1119 |
14 | Ratnapala | 1119–1132 |
15 | Rayapala | 1132–1145 |
16 | Katukaraja | 1145–1148 |
17 | Alhanadeva | 1148–1163 |
18 | Kelhanadeva | 1163–1193 |
19 | Jayatasimha | 1193–1197 |
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[12]
Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.[13][14]
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Kirti-pala | 1160–1182 |
2 | Samara-simha | 1182–1204 |
3 | Udaya-simha | 1204–1257 |
4 | Chachiga-deva | 1257–1282 |
5 | Samanta-simha | 1282–1305 |
6 | Kanhada-deva | 1292–1311 |
7 | Virama-deva | 1311 |
Serial no. | Kings | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Govinda-raja | 1192 |
2 | Balhana-deva | |
3 | Prahlada-deva | |
4 | Viranarayana | |
5 | Vagabhata | |
6 | Jaitra-simha | |
7 | Shakti-deva | |
8 | Hammira-deva | 1283–1311 |
In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:
Nu. | King (Rawal) | Reign (CE) | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rawal Guhil | 566–586 | |
2 | Rawal Bhoj | 586–606 | |
3 | Rawal Mahendra I | 606–626 | |
4 | Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) | 626–646 | |
5 | Rawal Shiladitya | 646–661 | |
6 | Rawal Aprajeet | 661–688 | |
7 | Rawal Mahendra II | 688–716 | |
8 | Bappa Rawal | 728–753 | |
9 | Rawal Khuman I | 753–773 | |
10 | Rawal Mattat | 773–793 | |
11 | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I | 793–813 | |
12 | Rawal Sinh | 813–828 | |
13 | Rawal Khuman II | 828–853 | |
14 | Rawal Mahayak | 853–878 | |
15 | Rawal Khuman III | 878–926 | |
16 | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II | 926–951 | |
17 | Rawal Allat | 951–971 | |
18 | Rawal Narwahan | 971–973 | |
19 | Rawal Saliwahan | 973–977 | |
20 | Rawal Shakti Kumar | 977–993 | |
21 | Rawal Amba Prasad | 993–1007 | |
22 | Rawal Shuchivarma | 1007–1021 | |
23 | Rawal Narvarma | 1021–1035 | |
24 | Rawal Keertivarma | 1035–1051 | |
25 | Rawal Yograj | 1051–1068 | |
26 | Rawal Vairath | 1068–1088 | |
27 | Rawal Hanspal | 1088–1103 | |
28 | Rawal Vair Singh | 1103–1107 | |
29 | Rawal Vijai Singh | 1107–1116 | |
30 | Rawal Ari Singh I | 1116–1138 | |
31 | Rawal Chaudh Singh | 1138–1148 | |
32 | Rawal Vikram Singh | 1148–1158 | |
33 | Rawal Ran Singh | 1158–1168 | |
Post-split Rawal branch rulers | |||
34 | Rawal Khshem Singh | 1168–1172 | |
35 | Rawal Samant Singh | 1172–1179 | |
36 | Rawal Kumar Singh | 1179–1191 | |
37 | Rawal Mathan Singh | 1191–1211 | |
38 | Rawal Padam Singh | 1211–1213 | |
39 | Rawal Jaitra Singh | 1213–1252 | |
40 | Rawal Tej Singh | 1252–1273 | |
41 | Rawal Samar Singh | 1273–1302 | |
42 | Rawal Ratan Singh | 1302–1303 |
During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.
"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:
Nu. | King (Rana) | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Rahapa/Karna | 1168 CE |
2 | Narapati | |
3 | Dinakara | |
4 | Jasakarna | |
5 | Nagapala | |
6 | Karnapala | |
7 | Bhuvanasimha | |
8 | Bhimasimha | |
9 | Jayasimha | |
10 | Lakhanasimha | |
11 | Arisimha | |
12 | Hammir Singh | 1326 CE |
Picture | King (Maharana) | Reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Hammir Singh | 1326–1364 | ||
Kshetra Singh | 1364–1382 | ||
Lakha Singh | 1382–1421 | ||
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Mokal Singh | 1421–1433 | |
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Rana Kumbha | 1433–1468 | |
Udai Singh I | 1468–1473 | ||
Rana Raimal | 1473–1508 | ||
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Rana Sanga | 1508–1527 | |
Ratan Singh II | 1528–1531 | ||
Vikramaditya Singh | 1531–1536 | ||
Vanvir Singh | 1536–1540 | ||
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Udai Singh II | 1540–1572 | |
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Maharana Pratap | 1572–1597 | |
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Amar Singh I | 1597–1620 | |
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Karan Singh II | 1620–1628 | |
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Jagat Singh I | 1628–1652 | |
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Raj Singh I | 1652–1680 | |
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Jai Singh | 1680–1698 | |
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Amar Singh II | 1698–1710 | |
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Sangram Singh II | 1710–173 | |
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Jagat Singh II | 1734–1751 | |
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Pratap Singh II | 1751–1754 | |
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Raj Singh II | 1754–1762 | |
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Ari Singh II | 1762–1772 | |
Hamir Singh II | 1772–1778 | ||
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Bhim Singh | 1778–1828 | |
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Jawan Singh | 1828–1838 | |
Sardar Singh | 1838–1842 | ||
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Swarup Singh | 1842–1861 | |
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Shambhu Singh | 1861–1874 | |
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Sajjan Singh | 1874–1884 | |
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Fateh Singh | 1884–1930 | |
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Bhupal Singh | 1930–1948 1948-1955 (titular) | |
Titular Maharanas | |||
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Bhagwat Singh | 1955–1984 | |
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Mahendra Singh | 1984–present |
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[15]
Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[17][18]
No. | Name | Reign | Years Reigned | No. | Name | Reign | Years Reigned | No. | Name | Reign | Years Reigned |
1 | Kanak Pal | 688–699 | 11 | 21 | Vikram Pal | 1116–1131 | 15 | 41 | Vijay Pal | 1426–1437 | 11 |
2 | Shyam Pal | 699–725 | 26 | 22 | Vichitra Pal | 1131–1140 | 9 | 42 | Sahaj Pal | 1437–1473 | 36 |
3 | Pandu Pal | 725–756 | 31 | 23 | Hans Pal | 1141–1152 | 11 | 43 | Bahadur Shah | 1473–1498 | 25 |
4 | Abhijat Pal | 756–780 | 24 | 24 | Som Pal | 1152–1159 | 7 | 44 | Man Shah | 1498–1518 | 20 |
5 | Saugat Pal | 781–800 | 19 | 25 | Kadil Pal | 1159–1164 | 5 | 45 | Shyam Shah | 1518–1527 | 9 |
6 | Ratna Pal | 800–849 | 49 | 26 | Kamadev Pal | 1172–1179 | 7 | 46 | Mahipat Shah | 1527–1552 | 25 |
7 | Shali Pal | 850–857 | 7 | 27 | Sulakshan Dev | 1179–1197 | 18 | 47 | Prithvi Shah | 1552–1614 | 62 |
8 | Vidhi Pal | 858–877 | 19 | 28 | Lakhan Dev | 1197–1220 | 23 | 48 | Medini Shah | 1614–1660 | 46 |
9 | Madan Pal | 877–894 | 17 | 29 | Anand Pal II | 1220–1241 | 21 | 49 | Fateh Shah | 1660–1708 | 48 |
10 | Bhakti Pal | 895–919 | 24 | 30 | Purva Dev | 1241–1260 | 19 | 50 | Upendra Shah | 1708–1709 | 1 |
11 | Jayachand Pal | 920–948 | 28 | 31 | Abhay Dev | 1260–1267 | 7 | 51 | Pradip Shah | 1709–1772 | 63 |
12 | Prithvi Pal | 949–971 | 22 | 32 | Jayaram Dev | 1267–1290 | 23 | 52 | Lalit Shah | 1772–1780 | 8 |
13 | Medinisen Pal | 972–995 | 23 | 33 | Asal Dev | 1290–1299 | 9 | 53 | Jayakrit Shah | 1780–1786 | 6 |
14 | Agasti Pal | 995–1014 | 19 | 34 | Jagat Pal | 1299–1311 | 12 | 54 | Pradyumna Shah | 1786–1804 | 18 |
15 | Surati Pal | 1015–1036 | 21 | 35 | Jit Pal | 1311–1330 | 19 | 55 | Sudarshan Shah | 1804–1859 | 55 |
16 | Jay Pal | 1037–1055 | 18 | 36 | Anant Pal II | 1330–1358 | 28 | 56 | Bhawani Shah | 1859–1871 | 12 |
17 | Anant Pal I | 1056–1072 | 16 | 37 | Ajay Pal | 1358–1389 | 31 | 57 | Pratap Shah | 1871–1886 | 15 |
18 | Anand Pal I | 1072–1083 | 11 | 38 | Kalyan Shah | 1389–1398 | 9 | 58 | Kirti Shah | 1886–1913 | 27 |
19 | Vibhog Pal | 1084–1101 | 17 | 39 | Sundar Pal | 1398–1413 | 15 | 59 | Narendra Shah | 1913–1946 | 33 |
20 | Suvayanu Pal | 1102–1115 | 13 | 40 | Hansadev Pal | 1413–1426 | 13 | 60 | Manabendra Shah | 1946–1949 | 3 |
Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.[19] (also known as Mallabhoom),[20]
Name of the king[21][22] | Reign |
---|---|
Adi Malla | 694–710 |
Jay Malla | 710–720 |
Benu Malla | 720–733 |
Kinu Malla | 733–742 |
Indra Malla | 742–757 |
Kanu Malla | 757–764 |
Dha (Jhau) Malla | 764–775 |
Shur Malla | 775–795 |
Kanak Malla | 795–807 |
Kandarpa Malla | 807–828 |
Sanatan Malla | 828–841 |
Kharga Malla | 841–862 |
Durjan (Durjay) Malla | 862–906 |
Yadav Malla | 906–919 |
Jagannath Malla | 919–931 |
Birat Malla | 931–946 |
Mahadev Malla | 946–977 |
Durgadas Malla | 977–994 |
Jagat Malla | 994–1007 |
Ananta Malla | 1007–1015 |
Rup Malla | 1015–1029 |
Sundar Malla | 1029–1053 |
Kumud Malla | 1053–1074 |
Krishna Malla | 1074–1084 |
Rup II (Jhap) Malla | 1084–1097 |
Prakash Malla | 1097–1102 |
Pratap Malla | 1102–1113 |
Sindur Malla | 1113–1129 |
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla | 1129–1142 |
Banamali Malla | 1142–1156 |
Yadu/Jadu Malla | 1156–1167 |
Jiban Malla | 1167–1185 |
Ram Malla | 1185–1209 |
Gobinda Malla | 1209–1240 |
Bhim Malla | 1240–1263 |
Katar(Khattar) Malla | 1263–1295 |
Prithwi Malla | 1295 -1319 |
Tapa Malla | 1319–1334 |
Dinabandhu Malla | 1334–1345 |
Kinu/Kanu II Malla | 1345–1358 |
Shur Malla II | 1358–1370 |
Shiv Singh Malla | 1370–1407 |
Madan Malla | 1407–1420 |
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla | 1420–1437 |
Uday Malla | 1437–1460 |
Chandra Malla | 1460–1501 |
Bir Malla | 1501–1554 |
Dhari Malla | 1554–1565 |
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) | 1565–1620 |
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev | 1620–1626 |
Raghunath Singha Dev | 1626–1656 |
Bir Singha Dev | 1656–1682 |
Durjan Singha Dev | 1682–1702 |
Raghunath Singha Dev II | 1702–1712 |
Gopal Singha Dev | 1712–1748 |
Chaitanya Singha Dev | 1748–1801 |
Madhav Singha Dev | 1801–1809 |
Gopal Singha Dev II | 1809–1876 |
Ramkrishna Singha Dev | 1876–1885 |
Dwhaja Moni Devi | 1885–1889 |
Nilmoni Singha Dev | 1889–1903 |
Churamoni Devi (Regency) | 1903–1930 |
Kalipada Singha Thakur | 1930–1947 |
Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:
King | Reign |
---|---|
Som Chand | 700–721 |
Atm Chand | 721–740 |
Purn Chand | 740–758 |
Indra Chand | 758–778 |
Sansar Chand | 778–813 |
Sudha Chand | 813–833 |
Hamir Chand | 833–856 |
Vina Chand | 856–869 |
Vir Chand | 1065–1080 |
Rup Chand | 1080–1093 |
Laxmi Chand | 1093–1113 |
Dharm Chand | 1113–1121 |
Karm Chand | 1121–1140 |
Ballal Chand | 1140–1149 |
Nami Chand | 1149–1170 |
Nar Chand | 1170–1177 |
Nanaki Chand | 1177–1195 |
Ram Chand | 1195–1205 |
Bhishm Chand | 1205–1226 |
Megh Chand | 1226–1233 |
Dhyan Chand | 1233–1251 |
Parvat Chand | 1251–1261 |
Thor Chand | 1261–1275 |
Kalyan Chand II | 1275–1296 |
Trilok Chand | 1296–1303 |
Damaru Chand | 1303–1321 |
Dharm Chand | 1321–1344 |
Abhay Chand | 1344–1374 |
Garur Gyan Chand | 1374–1419 |
Harihar Chand | 1419–1420 |
Udyan Chand | 1420–1421 |
Atma Chand II | 1421–1422 |
Hari Chand II | 1422–1423 |
Vikram Chand | 1423–1437 |
Bharati Chand | 1437–1450 |
Ratna Chand | 1450–1488 |
Kirti Chand | 1488–1503 |
Pratap Chand | 1503–1517 |
Tara Chand | 1517–1533 |
Manik Chand | 1533–1542 |
Kalyan Chand III | 1542–1551 |
Purna Chand | 1551–1555 |
Bhishm Chand | 1555–1560 |
Balo Kalyan Chand | 1560–1568 |
Rudra Chand | 1568–1597 |
Laxmi Chand | 1597–1621 |
Dilip Chand | 1621–1624 |
Vijay Chand | 1624–1625 |
Trimal Chand | 1625–1638 |
Baz Bahadur Chand | 1638–1678 |
Udyot Chand | 1678–1698 |
Gyan Chand | 1698–1708 |
Jagat Chand | 1708–1720 |
Devi Chand | 1720–1726 |
Ajit Chand | 1726–1729 |
Kalyan Chand V | 1729–1747 |
Deep Chand | 1747–1777 |
Mohan Chand | 1777–1779]] |
Pradyumn Chand | 1779–1786 |
Mohan Chand | 1786–1788 |
Shiv Chand | 1788 |
Mahendra Chand | 1788–1790 |
The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[23]
Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[26]
As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.[27]
# | Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript | Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai | Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript | Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript) | Length of reign | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years | Months | Days | |||||
1 | Ananga Pāla | Bilan Dev | 736 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |
2 | Vasu Deva | 754 | 19 | 1 | 18 | ||
3 | Gangya | Ganggeva | 773 | 21 | 3 | 28 | |
4 | Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) | Prathama | Mahi Pāla | 794 | 19 | 6 | 19 |
5 | Jaya Deva | Saha Deva | Jadu Pāla | 814 | 20 | 7 | 28 |
6 | Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla | Indrajita (I) | Nai Pāla | 834 | 14 | 4 | 9 |
7 | Udiraj (or Adereh) | Nara Pāla | Jaya Deva Pāla | 849 | 26 | 7 | 11 |
8 | Vijaya (or Vacha) | Indrajita (II) | Chamra Pāla | 875 | 21 | 2 | 13 |
9 | Biksha (or Anek) | Vacha Raja | Bibasa Pāla | 897 | 22 | 3 | 16 |
10 | Rīksha Pāla | Vira Pāla | Sukla Pāla | 919 | 21 | 6 | 5 |
11 | Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) | Go-Pāla | Teja Pāla | 940 | 20 | 4 | 4 |
12 | Go-Pāla | Tillan Dev | Mahi Pāla | 961 | 18 | 3 | 15 |
13 | Sallakshana Pāla | Suvari | Sursen | 979 | 25 | 10 | 10 |
14 | Jaya Pāla | Osa Pāla | Jaik Pāla | 1005 | 16 | 4 | 3 |
15 | Kunwar Pāla | Kumara Pāla | 1021 | 29 | 9 | 18 | |
16 | Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla) | Ananga Pāla | Anek Pāla | 1051 | 29 | 6 | 18 |
17 | Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) | Teja Pāla | Teja Pāla | 1081 | 24 | 1 | 6 |
18 | Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) | Mahi Pāla | Jyūn Pāla | 1105 | 25 | 2 | 23 |
19 | Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) | Mukund Pāla | Ane Pāla | 1130 | 21 | 2 | 15 |
Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) | Prithvi Pala | 1151 |
Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .
Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[30] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[31]
RC Majumdar (1971)[32] | AM Chowdhury (1967)[33] | BP Sinha (1977)[34][failed verification] | DC Sircar (1975–76)[35] | D. K. Ganguly (1994)[30] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gopala I | 750–770 | 756–781 | 755–783 | 750–775 | 750–774 |
Dharmapala | 770–810 | 781–821 | 783–820 | 775–812 | 774–806 |
Devapala | 810–c. 850 | 821–861 | 820–860 | 812–850 | 806–845 |
Mahendrapala | NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.) | 845–860 | |||
Shurapala I | Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I | 850–858 | 860–872 | ||
Gopala II | NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.) | ||||
Vigrahapala I | 850–853 | 861–866 | 860–865 | 858–60 | 872–873 |
Narayanapala | 854–908 | 866–920 | 865–920 | 860–917 | 873–927 |
Rajyapala | 908–940 | 920–952 | 920–952 | 917–952 | 927–959 |
Gopala III | 940–957 | 952–969 | 952–967 | 952–972 | 959–976 |
Vigrahapala II | 960–c. 986 | 969–995 | 967–980 | 972–977 | 976–977 |
Mahipala I | 988–c. 1036 | 995–1043 | 980–1035 | 977–1027 | 977–1027 |
Nayapala | 1038–1053 | 1043–1058 | 1035–1050 | 1027–1043 | 1027–1043 |
Vigrahapala III | 1054–1072 | 1058–1075 | 1050–1076 | 1043–1070 | 1043–1070 |
Mahipala II | 1072–1075 | 1075–1080 | 1076–1078/9 | 1070–1071 | 1070–1071 |
Shurapala II | 1075–1077 | 1080–1082 | 1071–1072 | 1071–1072 | |
Ramapala | 1077–1130 | 1082–1124 | 1078/9–1132 | 1072–1126 | 1072–1126 |
Kumarapala | 1130–1140 | 1124–1129 | 1132–1136 | 1126–1128 | 1126–1128 |
Gopala IV | 1140–1144 | 1129–1143 | 1136–1144 | 1128–1143 | 1128–1143 |
Madanapala | 1144–1162 | 1143–1162 | 1144–1161/62 | 1143–1161 | 1143–1161 |
Govindapala | 1158–1162 | NA | 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 | 1161–1165 | 1161–1165 |
Palapala | NA | NA | NA | 1165–1199 | 1165–1200 |
Note:[31]
Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:
The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[39][40]
According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."[42] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:
Serial No. | Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | King Paramar | (Legendary) |
2 | Upendra Krishnraja | early 9th century |
3 | Vairisimha (I) | early 9th century |
4 | Siyaka (I) | mid of 9th century |
5 | Vakpatiraj (I) | late 9th to early 10th century |
6 | Vairisimha (II) | mid of 10th century |
7 | Siyaka (II) | 940–972 |
8 | Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja | 972–990 |
9 | Sindhuraja | 990–1010 |
10 | Bhoja | 1010–1055 |
11 | JayasimhaI | 1055–1070 |
12 | Udayaditya | 1070–1086 |
13 | Lakshmadeva | 1086–1094 |
14 | Naravarman | 1094–1133 |
15 | Yashovarman | 1133–1142 |
16 | Jayavarman I | 1142–1143 |
17 | Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the Solanki king Kumarapala | 1143–1175 |
18 | Vindhyavarman | 1175–1194 |
19 | Subhatavarman | 1194–1209 |
20 | Arjunavarman I | 1210–1215 |
21 | Devapala | 1215/1218–1239 |
22 | Jaitugideva | 1239–1255 |
23 | Jayavarman II | 1255–1274 |
24 | Arjunavarman II | 1274–1285 |
25 | Bhoja II | 1285–1301 |
26 | Mahalakadeva | 1301–1305 |
After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa region, but not in other Parmar states.
Ruler | Reign |
---|---|
Avantivarman | 853/855 – 883 CE |
Shankaravarman | 883 – 902 CE |
Gopalavarman | 902 – 904 CE |
Sankata | 904 CE |
Sugandha | 904 – 906 CE |
Partha | 906 – 921 CE |
Nirjitavarman | 921 – 922 CE |
Chakravarman | 922 – 933 CE |
Shuravarman I | 933 – 934 CE |
Partha (2nd reign) | 934 – 935 CE |
Chakravarman (2nd reign) | 935 CE |
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) | 935 – 936 CE |
Chakravarman (3rd reign) | 936 – 937 CE |
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") | 937 – 939 CE |
Shuravarman II | 939 CE |
Yashaskara-deva | 939 CE |
Varnata | 948 CE |
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) | 948 CE |
Parvagupta | 948 – 950 CE |
Kshemagupta | 950 – 958 CE |
Abhimanyu II | 958 – 972 CE |
Nandigupta | 972 – 973 CE |
Tribhuvanagupta | 973 – 975 CE |
Bhimagupta | 975 – 980 CE |
Didda | 980 to 1009/1012 CE |
Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the Lohara dynasty.
Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:[43]
Name (IAST) | Regnal name (IAST) | Reign |
---|---|---|
Janmejaya I | Mahābhavagupta I | c. 882–922 |
Yayāti I | Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) | c. 922–955 |
Bhīmaratha | Mahābhavagupta II | c. 955–980 |
Dharmaratha | Mahāśivagupta II | c. 980–1005 |
Nahuṣa (Nahusha) | Mahābhavagupta III | c. 1005–1021 |
Yayāti II | Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III | c. 1025–1040 |
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) | Mahābhavagupta IV | c. 1040–1065 |
Janmejaya II | Mahāśivagupta IV | c. 1065–1085 |
Purañjaya | Mahābhavagupta V | c. 1085–1110 |
Karṇadeva | Mahāśivagupta V | c. 1100–1110 |
S.nu | King | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Brahma Pala | 900–920 |
2 | Ratna Pala | 920–960 |
3 | Indra Pala | 960–990 |
4 | Go Pala aka Gopalavarman | 990–1015 |
5 | Harsha Pala | 1015–1035 |
6 | Dharma Pala | 1035–1060 |
7 | Jaya Pala | 1075–1100 |
The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[44][45] The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:
Regional Name | IAST Name | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
Utpala-raja | Utpalarāja | c. 910–930 |
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja | Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja | c. 930–950 |
Krishna-raja | Kṛṣṇarāja | c. 950–979 |
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha | Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha | c. 970–990 |
Dhurbhata | Dhūrbhaṭa | c. 990–1000 |
Mahi-pala | Mahīpāla | c. 1000–1020 |
Dhandhuka | Dhaṃdhuka | c. 1020–1040 |
Punya-pala or Purna-pala | Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla | c. 1040–1050 |
Danti-varmman | Daṃtivarmman | c. 1050–1060 |
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II | Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II | c. 1060–1090 |
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva | Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva | c. 1090–1115 |
Vikrama-simha | Vikramāsiṃha | c. 1115–1145 |
Yasho-dhavala | Yaśodhavala | c. 1145–1160 |
Rana-simha | Raṇāsiṃha | ? |
Dhara-varsha | Dhāravarṣa | c. 1160–1220 |
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[46][47][48]
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[49][50]
Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and established the Kachwaha dynasty,[53] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[59]
Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.
Hoysala Kings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,[60][61] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.
Ruler | Reign[62] | ! Ascension year |
---|---|---|
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) | 25 Years | 1003 CE |
Hariraja | 22 days | 1028 CE |
Ananta-deva | 35 Years | 1028 CE |
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) | 26 Years | 1063 CE |
Utkarsha | 22 days | 1089 CE |
Harsha | 12 Years | died in 1101 CE |
The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:[63]
Serial No. | Ruler | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|
1 | Hemanta Sen | 1070–1096 |
2 | Vijay Sen | 1096–1159 |
3 | Ballal Sen | 1159–1179 |
4 | Lakshman Sen | 1179–1206 |
5 | Vishwarup Sen | 1206–1225 |
6 | Keshab Sen | 1225–1230 |
S.N. | Ruler | Regin |
---|---|---|
1 | Nanyadeva | 1097–1147 |
2 | Gangadeva | 1147–1187 |
3 | Narsimhadeva | 1187–1227 |
4 | Ramasimhadeva | 1227–1285 |
5 | Shaktisimhadeva | 1285–1295 |
6 | Harisimhadeva | 1295–1324 |
After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.
Name | Reign began | Reign ended | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Siha | 1226 | 1273 |
2 | Rao Asthan | 1273 | 1292 |
3 | Rao Doohad | 1292 | 1309 |
4 | Rao Raipal | 1309 | 1313 |
5 | Rao Kanhapal | 1313 | 1323 |
6 | Rao Jalansi | 1323 | 1328 |
7 | Rao Chado | 1328 | 1344 |
8 | Rao Tida | 1344 | 1357 |
9 | Rao Kanha Dev | 1357 | 1374 |
10 | Rao Viram Dev | 1374 | 1383 |
11 | Rao Chandra | 1383 | 1424 |
12 | Rao Kanha | 1424 | 1427 |
13 | Rao Ranmal | 1427 | 1438 |
Name | Reign began | Reign ended | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Jodha | 12 May 1438 | 6 April 1489 | |
2 | Rao Satal | 6 April 1489 | March 1492 | |
3 | Rao Suja | March 1492 | 2 October 1515 | |
4 | Rao Biram Singh | 2 October 1515 | 8 November 1515 | |
5 | Rao Ganga | 8 November 1515 | 9 May 1532 | |
6 | Rao Maldeo | 9 May 1532 | 7 November 1562 | |
7 | Rao Chandra Sen | 7 November 1562 | 1581 | |
8 | Raja Udai Singh | 4 August 1583 | 11 July 1595 | |
9 | Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal | 11 July 1595 | 7 September 1619 | |
10 | Maharaja Gaj Singh I | 7 September 1619 | 6 May 1638 | |
11 | Maharaja Jaswant Singh | 6 May 1638 | 28 December 1678 | |
12 | Maharaja Ajit Singh | 19 February 1679 | 24 June 1724 | |
13 | Raja Indra Singh | 9 June 1679 | 4 August 1679 | |
14 | Maharaja Abhai Singh | 24 June 1724 | 18 June 1749 | |
15 | Maharaja Ram Singh | First reign | 18 June 1749 | July 1751 |
16 | Maharaja Bakht Singh | July 1751 | 21 September 1752 | |
17 | Maharaja Vijay Singh | 21 September 1752 | 31 January 1753 | |
18 | Maharaja Ram Singh | 31 January 1753 | September 1772 | |
19 | Maharaja Vijay Singh | September 1772 | 17 July 1793 | |
20 | Maharaja Bhim Singh | 17 July 1793 | 19 October 1803 | |
21 | Maharaja Man Singh | 19 October 1803 | 4 September 1843 | |
22 | Maharaja Sir Takht Singh | 4 September 1843 | 13 February 1873 | |
23 | Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II | 13 February 1873 | 11 October 1895 | |
24 | Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh | 20 March 1911 | ||
25 | Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh | 20 March 1911 | 3 October 1918 | |
26 | Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh | 3 October 1918 | 9 June 1947 | |
27 | Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh | 9 June 1947 | 7 April 1949 | |
28 | (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur | 26 January 1952 | Present |
Years | Reign | Ahom name | Other names | succession | End of reign | Capital |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1228–1268 | 40y | Sukaphaa | natural death | Charaideo | ||
1268–1281 | 13y | Suteuphaa | son of Sukaphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1281–1293 | 8y | Subinphaa | son of Suteuphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1293–1332 | 39y | Sukhaangphaa | son of Subinphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1332–1364 | 32y | Sukhrangpha | son of Sukhaangphaa | natural death | Charaideo | |
1364–1369 | 5y | Interregnum[70] | ||||
1369–1376 | 7y | Sutuphaa | brother of Sukhrangphaa[71] | assassinated[72] | Charaideo | |
1376–1380 | 4y | Interregnum | ||||
1380–1389 | 9y | Tyao Khamti | brother of Sutuphaa | assassinated[73] | Charaideo | |
1389–1397 | 8y | Interregnum | ||||
1397–1407 | 10y | Sudangphaa | Baamuni Konwar | son of Tyao Khaamti[74] | natural death | Charagua |
1407–1422 | 15y | Sujangphaa | son of Sudangphaa | natural death | ||
1422–1439 | 17y | Suphakphaa | son of Sujangpha | natural death | ||
1439–1488 | 49y | Susenphaa | son of Suphakphaa | natural death | ||
1488–1493 | 5y | Suhenphaa | son of Susenphaa | assassinated[75] | ||
1493–1497 | 4y | Supimphaa | son of Suhenphaa | natural death | ||
1497–1539 | 42y | Suhungmung | Swarganarayan, Dihingiaa Rojaa I |
son of Supimphaa | assassinated[76] | Bakata |
1539–1552 | 13y | Suklenmung | Garhgayaan Rojaa | son of Suhungmung | natural death | Garhgaon |
1552–1603 | 51y | Sukhaamphaa | Khuraa Rojaa | son of Suklenmung | natural death | Garhgaon |
1603–1641 | 38y | Susenghphaa | Prataap Singha, Burhaa Rojaa, Buddhiswarganarayan |
son of Sukhaamphaa | natural death | Garhgaon |
1641–1644 | 3y | Suramphaa | Jayaditya Singha, Bhogaa Rojaa |
son of Susenghphaa | deposed[77] | Garhgaon |
1644–1648 | 4y | Sutingphaa | Noriyaa Rojaa | brother of Suramphaa | deposed[78] | Garhgaon |
1648–1663 | 15y | Sutamla | Jayadhwaj Singha, Bhoganiyaa Rojaa |
son of Sutingphaa | natural death | Garhgaon/Bakata |
1663–1670 | 7y | Supangmung | Chakradhwaj Singha | cousin of Sutamla[79] | natural death | Bakata/Garhgaon |
1670–1672 | 2y | Sunyatphaa | Udayaditya Singha | brother of Supangmung[80] | deposed[81] | |
1672–1674 | 2y | Suklamphaa | Ramadhwaj Singha | brother of Sunyatphaa | poisoned[82] | |
1674–1675 | 21d | Suhung[83] | Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang | Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung | deposed[84] | |
1675-1675 | 24d | Gobar Roja | great-grandson of Suhungmung[85] | deposed[86] | ||
1675–1677 | 2y | Sujinphaa[87] | Arjun Konwar, Dihingia Rojaa II |
grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain | deposed, suicide[88] | |
1677–1679 | 2y | Sudoiphaa | Parvatia Rojaa | great-grandson of Suhungmung[89] | deposed, killed[90] | |
1679–1681 | 3y | Sulikphaa | Ratnadhwaj Singha, Loraa Rojaa |
Samaguria family | deposed, killed[91] | |
1681–1696 | 15y | Supaatphaa | Gadadhar Singha | son of Gobar Rojaa | natural death | Borkola |
1696–1714 | 18y | Sukhrungphaa | Rudra Singha | son of Supaatphaa | natural death | Rangpur |
1714–1744 | 30y | Sutanphaa | Siva Singha | son Sukhrungphaa | natural death | |
1744–1751 | 7y | Sunenphaa | Pramatta Singha | brother of Sutanphaa | natural death | |
1751–1769 | 18y | Suremphaa | Rajeswar Singha | brother of Sunenphaa | natural death | |
1769–1780 | 11y | Sunyeophaa | Lakshmi Singha | brother of Suremphaa | natural death | |
1780–1795 | 15y | Suhitpangphaa | Gaurinath Singha | son of Sunyeophaa | natural death | Jorhat |
1795–1811 | 16y | Suklingphaa | Kamaleswar Singha | great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha[92] | natural death, smallpox | Jorhat |
1811–1818 | 7y | Sudingphaa (1) | Chandrakaanta Singha | brother of Suklingphaa | deposed[93] | Jorhat |
1818–1819 | 1y | Purandar Singha (1) | descendant of Suremphaa[93] | deposed[94] | Jorhat | |
1819–1821 | 2y | Sudingphaa (2) | Chandrakaanta Singha | fled the capital[95] | ||
1821–1822 | 1y | Jogeswar Singha | 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler[96] | removed[97] | ||
1833–1838 | Purandar Singha (2)[98] |
The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:
On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[100]
The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.
Ruler | Reign | Capital | |
---|---|---|---|
Prolaya | 1323-1333 | Warangal (Musunuri line) | |
Kapaya | ![]() |
1333-1368 | Warangal (Musunuri line) |
Warangal annexed to Recherla | |||
Singama I | 1335-1361 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Anavotha I | 1361-1384 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Singama II | 1384-1399 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Anavotha II | 1399-1421 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Mada | 1421-1430 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Singama III | 1430-1475 | Rachakonda (Recherla line) | |
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire | |||
Kumaravira Timma I | 1441-1462 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Chenna Vibhudu | 1462-1505 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Vaiyappa | 1464-1490 | Gingee (Gingee line)[101] | |
Tubaki Krishnappa | 1490-1520 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Chaudappa | 1499-1530 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Ramalinga | 1505-1540 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra | 1520-1540 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Viswanatha | 1529-1564 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Sadashiva | 1530-1566[102] | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Chevappa | 1532-1580 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Bangaru Timma | 1540-1565 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Muthialu | 1540-1570 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Krishnappa I | 1564-1572 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Narasimha | 1565-1598 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Sankanna I | 1566-1570 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Timanna | 1568-1589 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Sankanna II the Younger (Chikka Sankanna) |
1570-1580 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Venkatappa | 1570-1600 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Virappa | 1572-1595 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Ramaraja | 1580-1586 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Achuthappa | 1580-1614 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Venkatappa I the Elder (Hiriya Venkatappa) |
1586-1629 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Obanna-Madakari I | 1589-1602 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Krishnappa II | 1595-1601 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Timma | 1598-1623 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Varadappa | 1600-1620 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Muthu Krishnappa | 1601-1609 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Kasturi Rangappa I | 1602-1652 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Muthu Virappa I | 1609-1623 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Raghunatha | 1614-1634 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Appa | 1620-1649 | Gingee (Gingee line) | |
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate | |||
Chenna Timma | 1623-1652 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Tirumala | 1623-1659 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Virabhadra | 1629-1645 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Vijaya Raghava | 1634-1673 | Tanjore (Thanjavur line) | |
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire | |||
Shivappa | ![]() |
1645-1660 | Keladi (Keladi line) |
Madakari II | 1652-1674 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Kumaravira Timma II | 1652-1685 | Gandikota (Pemmasani line) | |
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda | |||
Muthu Virappa II | 1659 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Chokanatha I | 1659-1682 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Venkatappa II the Younger (Chikka Venkatappa) |
1660-1662 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Bhadrappa | 1662-1664 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Somashekara I | 1664-1672 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Chennamma | 1672-1697 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Obanna II | 1674-1675 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Shoora Kantha | 1675-1676 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Chikanna | 1676-1686 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689) | |||
Aranga Krishna Muthu Virappa III |
1682-1689 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Madakari III | 1686-1688 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Donne Rangappa | 1688-1689 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704) | |||
Vijayaranga Chokanatha II |
1689-1732 | Madurai (Madurai line) | |
Bharamana | 1689-1721 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Basavappa | 1697-1714 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Somashekara II | 1714-1739 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Madakari IV | 1721-1748 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Meenakshi | 1732-1736 | Madurai (Madurai line). | |
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic | |||
Basavappa | 1739-1754 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha | 1739-1747 | Kandy (Kandy line) | |
Kirti Sri Rajasinha | ![]() |
1747-1782 | Kandy (Kandy line) |
Kasturi Rangappa II | 1748-1758 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) | |
Basappa | 1754-1759 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Madakari V | ![]() |
1758-1779 | Chitradurga (Chitradurga line) |
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore | |||
Virammaji | 1759-1763 | Keladi (Keladi line) | |
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore | |||
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha | ![]() |
1782-1798 | Kandy (Kandy line) |
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha | ![]() |
1798-1815[103][104] | Kandy (Kandy line) |
Kandy becomes a British colony |
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:
According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[107]
Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire South India.[110]
Serial no. | Regnal names | Reign (CE) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE) | |||
1 | Harihara I | 1336–1356 | |
2 | Bukka Raya I | 1356–1377 | |
3 | Harihara II | 1377–1404 | |
4 | Virupaksha Raya | 1404–1405 | |
5 | Bukka Raya II | 1405–1406 | |
6 | Deva Raya | 1406–1422 | |
7 | Ramachandra Raya | 1422 | |
8 | Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya | 1422–1424 | |
9 | Deva Raya II | 1424–1446 | |
10 | Mallikarjuna Raya | 1446–1465 | |
11 | Virupaksha Raya II | 1465–1485 | |
12 | Praudha Raya | 1485 | |
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE) | |||
13 | Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya | 1485–1491 | |
14 | Thimma Bhupala | 1491 | |
15 | Narasimha Raya II | 1491–1505 | |
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE) | |||
16 | Tuluva Narasa Nayaka | 1491–1503 | |
17 | Viranarasimha Raya | 1503–1509 | |
18 | Krishnadevaraya | 1509–1529 | |
19 | Achyuta Deva Raya | 1529–1542 | |
20 | Sadasiva Raya | 1542–1570 | |
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE) | |||
21 | Aliya Rama Raya | 1542–1565 | |
22 | Tirumala Deva Raya | 1565–1572 | |
23 | Sriranga Deva Raya | 1572–1586 | |
24 | Venkatapati Deva Raya | 1586–1614 | |
25 | Sriranga II | 1614–1617 | |
26 | Rama Deva Raya | 1617–1632 | |
27 | Peda Venkata Raya | 1632–1642 | |
28 | Sriranga III | 1642–1646/1652 |
The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[111][112]
Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST) | Reign | Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature |
---|---|---|
Vīrasiṃha-deva | 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) | Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[113] |
Uddharaṇa-deva | 1400–1402 CE | Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)[114] |
Virāma-deva | 1402–1423 CE | Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings) |
Gaṇapati-deva | 1423–1425 CE | Ganpati Dev |
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha | 1425–1459 CE | Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen |
Kirtisiṃha-deva | 1459–1480 CE | Kirti Singh Tomar |
Kalyāṇamalla | 1480–1486 CE | Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh |
Māna-siṃha | 1486–1516 CE | Mana Sahi, Man Singh |
Vikramāditya | 1516–1523 CE | Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit |
Picture | King | Reign |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Kapilendra Deva | 1434–1467 |
![]() |
Purushottama Deva | 1467–1497 |
![]() |
Prataparudra Deva | 1497–1540 |
Kalua Deva | 1540–1541 | |
Kakharua Deva | 1541 |
Name | Reign Began (in CE) | Reign Ended (in CE) | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rao Bika | 1465 | 1504 |
2 | Rao Narayan Singh | 1504 | 1505 |
3 | Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) | 1505 | 1526 |
4 | Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) | 1526 | 1542 |
5 | Rao Kalyan Mal | 1542 | 1574 |
6 | Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) | 1574 | 1612 |
7 | Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) | 1612 | 1613 |
8 | Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya | 1613 | 1631 |
9 | Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) | 1631 | 1667 |
10 | Anup Singh | 1669 | 1698 |
11 | Rao Sarup Singh | 1698 | 1700 |
12 | Rao Sujan Singh | 1700 | 1735 |
13 | Rao Zorawar Singh | 1735 | 1746 |
14 | Rao Gaj Singh | 1746 | 1787 |
15 | Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) | 1787 | 1787 |
16 | Rao Pratap Singh | 1787 | 1787 |
17 | Rao Surat Singh | 1787 | 1828 |
18 | Rao Ratan Singh | 1828 | 1851 |
19 | Rao Sardar Singh | 1851 | 1872 |
20 | Dungar Singh | 1872 | 1887 |
21 | Ganga Singh | 1887 | 1943 |
22 | Sadul Singh | 1943 | 1947 |
23 | Karni Singh | 1947 | 1971 |
List of emperors of the Mughal Empire
List of rulers of the Sur Empire
List of Chhatrapatis of the Marathas
List of Thanjavur Maratha rulers
List of Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior
Ruler | Years |
---|---|
Raja Ram Sinsinwar | 1683–1688 |
Churaman | 1695–1721 |
Muhkam Singh | 1721–1722 |
Badan Singh | 1722–1755 |
Suraj Mal | 1755–1763 |
Jawahar Singh | 1764–1768 |
Ratan Singh | 1768–1769 |
Kehri Singh | 1769–1778 |
Ranjit Singh | 1778–1805 |
Randhir Singh | 1805–1823 |
Baldeo Singh | 1823–1825 |
Balwant Singh | 1825–1853 |
Jaswant Singh | 1853–1893 |
Ram Singh | 1893–1900 |
Kishan Singh | 1918–1929 |
Brijendra Singh | 1929–1947 |
Portrait | Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Consort | Imperial Durbar | Royal House |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Victoria | 24 May 1819 | 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 | 22 January 1901 | None[a] | 1 January 1877 (represented by Lord Lytton) |
Hanover |
![]() |
Edward VII | 9 November 1841 | 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 | 6 May 1910 | ![]() |
1 January 1903 (represented by Lord Curzon) |
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
![]() |
George V | 3 June 1865 | 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 | 20 January 1936 | ![]() |
12 December 1911 | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1910–1917) Windsor (1917–1936) |
![]() |
Edward VIII | 23 June 1894 | 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 | 28 May 1972 | None | None[b] | Windsor |
![]() |
George VI | 14 December 1895 | 11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947[117] | 6 February 1952 | ![]() |
None[c] | Windsor |
Portrait | Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Consort | Royal House |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
George VI | 14 December 1895 | 15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950[117] | 6 February 1952 | ![]() |
Windsor |
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mallabhum kingdom
It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs.