Kingston upon Hull has had many prominent and notable persons of Jewish descent. Although probably never more than 1% of the area population, by the end of the twentieth century the Jews of Hull made a notable contribution to the life of the city, and to the broader world. Among the sons and daughters of the Jews of Hull (as well as many Lord Mayors and Sheriffs of Hull) were three Fellows of the Royal Society, the founder of the world's largest furniture maker, numerous doctors and lawyers, as well as actress Dame Maureen Lipman.
"It is doubtful if any other city can equal the record of Hull in the number of Jewish citizens who have filled the highest civic offices", – Arthur Tidman,[1] editor of the Hull Daily Mail,[2] and later The Times.[3]
Nevertheless, the first two mayors of apparently Jewish background were converts. William Henry Moss was Mayor in 1856 and 1862,[6][7][8] the subject of anti-Jewish jibes.[9][10] In 1863 he was widely praised for gifting to the town a Carrara marble statue of Queen Victoria;[11][12][13][14][15][16] and he pressed for a free town library.[17][18] Moss founded a firm of solicitors,[19] was legal advisor to the dock company,[20] and business partner to shipbuilder Martin Samuelson.[21][22]
John Symons, silversmith, was a Town Councillor by 1863 and Deputy Governor of the Hull Board of Guardians,[25] an Alderman in 1873,[26][2] and Sheriff for 1890;[27] a local historian, antiquarian writer and lecturer,[28][29] (and source of discredited accounts of a 17th-century Jewish presence in Hull), he was a founder of the Humber Masonic Lodge,[30] and an Odd Fellow lodge.[31][32] Simeon Mosely was also a Councillor in the 1860s;[33] Solomon Cohen in 1873 became Town Councillor and an Alderman in 1903 (see History of Jews in Kingston upon Hull#Early history).[34][26]
In the Edwardian era, merchant Victor Dumoulin was in 1902 Sheriff of Hull, as was his son Edward for 1910.[35] Wool merchant Edward Gosschalk became Sheriff in 1905;[36][37] The learned Henry Feldman (1855–1915), wool merchant, chief magistrate, and synagogue president, was elected Mayor of the City three times, spanning years, 1906–9.[38][39][40][36]
Solicitor and mason Benno Pearlman was Lord Mayor in 1928,[41][42] walking to his inauguration on the Sabbath;[36] and Sheriff in 1923, 1932 and 1939.[43][44][45][46][47][48]
Son of a Polish-born pawnbroker, Joseph Leopold Schultz (1900–91), lauded for promoting bomb-shelters pre-war, was Lord Mayor in 1942 and Sheriff for 1968. Sir Leo Schultz OBE "the Lion of Hull" led a Labour-run City from 1945 to 1979. He also fostered a Kindertransport child;[49] a large bronze statue of Sir Leo later appeared at the Guildhall.[50][51][52][2]
London trade-unionist Henry Solomons became Labour MP for Hull North in 1964 but died the following year.[57][58][59] Not apparently connected to the resident community, Helen Suzman DBE, the anti-apartheid campaigner, was awarded Honorary Freedom of the City in 1987.[60] Similarly, Labour's Baron Peter Mandelson, whose father was from a London Jewish family, was awarded in 2013 the ancient role of Steward of Hull, as his grandfather Herbert Morrison the Labour politician had been 1956–65.[61]
Moses Abrahams, born 1825 in Hull, lived after 1857 in Grimsby, as inaugural synagogue president, clothier, jeweller, optician, property-owner, ship-broker, Councillor, and Mayor in 1901.[62]
Theresa Science Russell, sister to Hull Lord Mayor Lawrie Science and Coroner Philip Science, was 1965 Lord Mayor of Newcastle;[63][64] also Hull born and bred was solicitor and judge, Neville Goldrein CBE, Leader of Lancashire County Council 1977–81.[65][66]
By the 1830s a Jewish professional class appeared.[67] Travelling surgeon-dentist Simeon Mosely (see History of Jews in Kingston upon Hull#Early history) patented an artificial palate,[68][69] L.J. Levison was a dentist at that time,[70] and Isaac Lyon a surgeon at Hull Infirmary.[6][70] Polish-born Joel Farbstein was synagogue president and "corn doctor",[71][72] son Henry a surgeon on Anlaby Road;[73] grandson Lt Joel Scott Forbes died in France in 1917.[74][75] Isaac Harris, Lewis Bergman, Izidore Hirschfield and the Bibbero brothers were dentists noted in the 1890s.[76][77] German refugee dentists in the 1930s included Max Adler.[78]
From 1939 GP Leslie Hardy wrote about rational theism and much else,[79][80][81][82][83] and GP Dr. Seewald championed Handball.[84][85] More recent GPs included community leader Carl Rosen, his wife Cynthia,[86][87] synagogue president Solomon Lurie (descendant of the world's oldest-known family and the Rabbinic dynasty of Solomon Luria),[88][89][90] his son Ralph, and Louis Jaffe.[91]
Senior medics were German emigre chest physician Max Isserlin, director of Castle Hill Hospital (cousin to an important psychiatrist of the same name, whose daughter Beate was a Hull GP);[91][92] and Philip Science, Hull City Coroner.[93] Clive Aber was a well-known cardiologist.[94][95]
Minister Samuel Simon sold spectacles in the 1820s, and Henry Franks was optician on Whitefriargate in 1842.[96] Bush Opticians, still around Hull,[97] began in Victorian jewellery days,[98][99] whilst Sydney Burnley (also a pharmacist) and the Daniels brothers are more recent.[100][101] Vinegrad, Winroope and Passman were pharmacists, as have been three Sugarmans.[102][103][104]
Mayor William Henry Moss founded a firm of solicitors,[19][20] as did Bethel's prominent son Joseph Jacobs (Jacobs and Dixon);[105] and later Samuel Feldman and Maurice Gosschalk.[37][106] Other Jewish practices were Lewensteins,[107][108] Myer Wolff,[109] and Rosen & (Benno) Pearlman.[108] Lionel Rosen represented family of the lost trawler Gaul,[110] along with synagogue president Max Gold,[111][112] who also chaired Hull Kingston Rovers.[113][114][115] Warren Winetroube, Leon Lurie and Ian Lanch are also recent senior solicitors.[116][117][118]
Michael Rosenberg of Hull was a district judge;[119] and Lorna Cole (wife of solicitor Carl Rosen, mother of Paul, eye-surgeon, and Sophie, solicitor and teacher) was the first female barrister on the North Eastern Circuit.[120][121]Myrella Cohen from Manchester became Recorder of Hull in 1971, later a judge at the Old Bailey, retiring in 1995 as Britain's longest-serving woman judge, and longest-serving Jewish judge.[122]
Architect Benjamin Septimus Jacobs (1851–1931), son of Bethel Jacobs (see History of Jews in Kingston upon Hull#Early history), designed many Hull buildings – the Yorkshire Penny Bank (now Café Nero) in Queen Victoria Square, as well as Linnaeus Street synagogue.[123][124][125][126][127][128] Finestein, Sugarman, Deitch, and Feldman were more recent architects. Bob Rosner, a Hull Kindertransport child adopted by Councillor Leo Schultz (see Civic leaders, above),[129][49] was involved with part of the design of the Humber Bridge project;[130] the Bridge's chief architect Bernard Wex was the son of Julius Wex, a London lace merchant (of unknown background) who arrived in 1900 from Germany.[131] Glasgow's Isi Metzstein designed Cottingham's award-winning student campus, The Lawns.[132][133][134]
In living memory, Louis Seltzer, Billy Sugarman (see History of Jews in Kingston upon Hull#War service), Aubrey Gordon and Maurice Waxman were state-school headmasters in Hull.[135] Sadofsky, Korklin, Field, and Harris are recalled as accountants.[136][137] Goodman was a surveyor, Livingstone and Blank estate agents.[138]
Amongst Hull-born doctors are antenatal-screening authority Prof. Howard Cuckle of Leeds, New York and Tel Aviv;[139][140][47] and Prof. Stuart Rosen,[141] cardiologist, of Imperial College London – son of GP parents, and brother to Jerusalem Rabbis Jonathan and Joseph.[86][142] Hull-born cousins Paul and Emanuel Rosen are influential eye surgeons based in Oxford and Manchester.[143][144][145][146]
Edward Levine was an academic oncologist in Manchester, described as brilliant and much-loved.[147]
Leon Vinegrad was a Hull-born GP, and also a psychiatrist,[148] years before hospital CEO Philip Sugarman.[149] New York's visionary Rabbi Alan Miller, also a psychoanalyst,[150] was born in Hull, son of Rabbi Louis Miller.[151][152]
Simon Levine,[155] brother to Dr. Edward Levine, manages global law firm DLA Piper.[156] Son of Hull GP (and homeopath to royalty) Michael Bott, is international fraud expert Charles Bott QC.[157][158] Prof. John Peysner, son of Osborne Street butcher Kopel Peysner, was head of Lincoln Law School.[159][160][161] Mark Friend is an international commercial lawyer and authority on competition law.[162][163] Dentist's son Adrian Flasher is a specialist prosecutor in international drug cases.[164][165][166]
Clifford Harry Barnett, born in Hull 1927 was an architect, RIBA Bronze Medallist in 1947, of the firm Gillinson Barnett & Partners, known for landmark modernist leisure and shopping centres.[183][184][185][186][187][188]
Raymond Kauffman (1944–2008) became an award-winning hairdresser, stylist to Hollywood stars, Miss World contestants and the British Olympic team, returning to run several salons in the Hull area.[189]
Raphael Powell (1904–65) was Head of Law at University College Hull 1937–49, later Professor of Roman Law at University College London.[212]
The Chancellor of Hull University 1970–77 was Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, a dominant physician in the early NHS and associate of Nye Bevan; a friend in Liverpool of Hull-born Aby Furman, Henry Cohen was the first Jew and the first medic in the UK to hold a University Chancellor position.[213][214]
Biochemist Prof. John Friend, born in Liverpool, was head of plant biology, science Pro-vice Chancellor at Hull University,[215] and one of the signatories to the 1972 landmark environmentalist Blueprint for Survival.[216] A founder of the Middle East Study Group at Hull University, and advocate of interfaith relations in Hull, he was a visiting professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[217] His son, Hull's Richard Friend, is an ethnographer and environmental fieldworker in the Far East and academic at York University.[218][219]
Harold Silver, born in Hull, became one of the 20th century's leading writers and thinkers on the history of education and the role of education policy in social change.[220][221][222][223] First a postgraduate at Hull University, later at Cambridge and the University of London, he was also a poet, linguist, columnist and writer of children's stories.[220] Jewish MP Louise Ellman studied sociology and history at Hull University.[224]Allan Levy QC studied law at Hull, became a barrister specialising in family law and children's rights. He chaired the Pindown Inquiry.[225][226]Jonathan Raban, travel writer, novelist and critic, studied literature and drama at Hull.[227]
Prof. Raphael Cohen-Almagor DPhil is chair in Politics and founding director of the Middle East Study Group at the University of Hull.[228] A visiting professor at leading universities in many countries, he is a widely published author on democracy and human rights, peace and liberty.[229][230]
Hull-born Valerie Sanders is Professor of English at the university, an expert particularly on Victorian women's writing and family life.[231][232][233] Professor Sanders has been head of the English Department, director of the Graduate School, and featured on the BBC.[234][235][231]
Novelist Lionel Davidson, born to a Polish tailor in Hull, started writing at The Spectator. His neglected but prize-winning spy fiction, such as Kolymsky Heights, is compared to Fleming, Le Carré and Maclean.[244][245][246] Lionel's sister Edie (Edith Noble) became prominent internationally in Jewish women's organisations – see Jewish leadership below.
Distinguished national newspaper editor and publisher Mark Goulden, born in Bristol, ran regional papers as a noteworthy figure in Hull; mixing both with the Jewish community and figures like Amy Johnson, the flier, he went on in 1933 to interview Albert Einstein, warning the world about Hitler.[247][248][249][250]
Brought up in Hull were Norma Levinson, daughter of Rev. Levinson, who published fiction,[253][254][255] including the televised The Room Upstairs; and her sister Deidre, also an accomplished writer.[256][257][258]
Domini Highsmith a.k.a. Domini Wiles (1942–2003) was a Yorkshire-born Jewish novelist and local historian in Beverley, near Hull.[259] Resident in Beverley too was collector Malcolm Shields (b.Schultz), a Hull businessman,[260][261] he wrote about evacuation,[262] and latterly with his partner about great local artists.[263][264][265]
Joyce Kennedy née Harris (1933–2021), born in Hull, a GP and anaesthetist in Salford, was a writer on classical music who collaborated with her husband Michael, a veteran Telegraph music critic.[266][267] She was joint editor of the multi-edition Oxford Dictionary of Music (1980),[268] and authored books on opera.[269][270][271]
The author of Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe, has been claimed as of jewish descent;[272] Defoe wrote about Hull as if he had visited,[273] and the character Crusoe sailed from Hull, and wished to return there.[274]
Ellis Abraham Davidson,[282][283] a Victorian pioneer of art-and-design teaching, and a prolific writer and lecturer on science, nature and religion,[284] was Hull born-and-bred; as was Pat Albeck, textile designer and "Queen of the Tea Towels".[285][286]Sir Jacobs Behrens, who lived in Hull c.1834, founded Manchester's now oldest textile company;[287][288] and Hull cabinet-maker Louis Lebus, and son Harris (1852–1907) moved to London, to open the world's largest furniture factory, famed for arts-and-crafts.[289][283]
Marcus Bibbero (1837–1910), brought up in Hull, was a world-class swimmer and cross-channel coach, who promoted life-saving and municipal baths.[27] He first appears in British newspapers for assaulting reporters who investigated his Pepper's Ghost exhibition in Hull, a charge of which he was acquitted.[290] Later styling himself as Professor or Marquis Bibbero, he became an international sensation, for feats such as swimming manacled from Brooklyn to Manhattan.[291]
Handball was first introduced from Europe after the war, by emigre GP Dr. L.M. Seewald, who ran a league in Hull, and wrote the first rule book in English.[292]
Born and bred in Hull was Bombardier Arthur Myerthall, who boxed as cruiserweight "Gunner Martell", winning over 50 fights in the region.[293]
Louis Harris MBE (1896–75) played as a three-quarter for Hull Kingston Rovers, with 255 appearances, and was later the club's coach.[2][294][295] Of many Jewish Rugby League enthusiasts,[296][297] a few like Harris became directors at one of the two Hull clubs.[298][299][300][296][301] South African Wilf Rosenberg "the flying dentist" played 86 times for Hull FC 1961–1963,[302] as well for Leeds. Manny Cussins, born in Hull 1905,[303] a nephew of Lloyd Rakusen, became a furniture magnate and philanthropist in Leeds, and chaired Leeds United F.C. 1972–83.
Reports from Hull City matches on BBC Radio Humberside were regularly given by Elliot Oppel in the 1960s and 70s.[304]
Martin Schultz played cricket for Hull CC in the 1970s, for Great Britain in the 1981 and 1985' Maccabiah Games, and still plays in London.[305]
There were several race horse owners in the community including Abraham Vinegrad,[306] who lost £1800 winnings at Beverley in 1923,[307] and solicitor Edward Gosschalk, who horse won the last Scottish Grand National in 1965.[308]
Jerry Gold (father to Max, see Professionals in Hull) was a comedian, popular in Hull, who toured the Northern Circuit and beyond c.1928–46.[312][313] Local Jewish entertainers of the early and mid-twentieth century in Hull ranged from dancing barbers Joe Hyman and Moishe Krantz,[314] to soprano Lena Hyman,[315] and hypnotist Walter Abrahams.[316]
Mira Bibbero Johnson of Hull (family of Marcus, see Sport) was a Northern Circuit performer, on the BBC in the 1920s with skits and impersonations, often at the piano, who later opened the city's House of Mirelle.[317] Celia Martell (Myerthall) played piano on the BBC around 1937–40,[318][319][320] known now for her piano-accordion arrangement of Teddy Bears' picnic.[citation needed]
In 1870, a Monsieur Henri Hartog was conductor in Hull of the Yorkshire Amateur Concerts.[321] From that year on,[322] for a decade,[323] blind 8-year old violinist Isaac Isenberg, a Hebrew School pupil in Hull,[324] played, in the Public Rooms on Jarrett Street, on Osborne Street, and elsewhere,[325] and was dubbed "the blind Paganini".[326]
Later, the jazz and big band era had many Jewish contributors, including in Hull.[327][328][314][329] Well-known local dance-band leaders were occasionally broadcast by the BBC – Louis Goulden,[330][331] his protege Louis Gold,[332] and Maxwell Daniels.[333][334] Maxwell's brother Benny was a pre-war saxophonist with the great Jack Hylton,[335] and post-war bandleader based in Glasgow,[336] who originally played with third brother Jack, saxophonist and session musician.[337]
Harry Pitch, born in Hull in 1925, brought up in London, became the leading British harmonica player for film and TV music, including the series Last of the Summer Wine.[338][339]
Basil Kirchin, son of band leader Ivor Kirchin who played in Hull, was an English drummer and influential composer of avant-garde electronic and experimental music; he settled in Hull, where his father later joined him.[340][341]
Elliot Oppel was a Hull maths teacher, regional sports reporter, and regular presenter of Top Town Quiz on BBC Radio Humberside.[351][304] A writer and local historian,[352] he also made radio broadcasts for the BBC on Jewish topics.[353] Media producer Jonathan Levy broadcasts on Beverley FM.[354]
Hull's Israel Finestein QC was, amongst many roles, President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews (see Law, above). Edith Noble (born Davidson in Hull in 1910) became President of the League of Jewish Women, Life President of The Alliance of Jewish Women and their Organisations (AJWO) and Vice President of the International Council of Jewish Women.[358][359]
Hull-born Sister Agnes Walsh (d.1993) sheltered and helped save a Jewish family from deportation, while at a convent in southern France during the Second World War; she is honoured in Israel as Righteous Among the Nations.[362]
Dr Samuel Kuttner (d.1908) was a German-born Manchester shop-keeper, who became in 1840 a Protestant Minister, but converted to Catholicism in 1852. Claiming to have been chaplain to the Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, as a travelling lecturer with an unlikely string of qualifications, he was exposed for his frauds.[365][366] He married in Hull, and in 1859 was a bankrupted shipping agent at no. 24 Humber Dock-walls;[367][368] his great-granddaughter was the pianist Marguerite Wolff.[369]
^Whiting, Henry John (1858). Portraits of Public Men. Hull. pp. 1–4, 115.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"MR MOSS'S MANDAMUS .. be thrashed until they are converted! It is needless to say that the missionary, dis- trusting this method' of conversion, declined to avail himself .. it has been reserved for Mr Ald. Moss to apply the forcible method .". Hull Packet. 11 December 1857.
^"HULL TOWN COUNCIL MEETING .. the munificent gift which had been made to the town of the Queen's statue. [Cheers.] It was a memorial which would ensure the gratitude of the people of Hull, and would keep Mr Moss's name .". Hull Packet. 13 November 1863.
^"MATTERS MUNICIPAL .. Mr Moss, by his gift of the statue of the Queen, by his many services in promoting the charitable and philanthropic institutions of the town, and by his .". Hull Packet. 6 November 1863.
^"HULL NEWS ..the munificent gift of the statue of the Queen, which was now placed in the park. By this the memory of Mr Moss would live in the minds of the people of Hull .". Hull Daily News. 14 November 1863.
^"... Alderman Moss has not been wanting in efforts to supply the brain and the intellect of the municipality of Hull with a beverage more permanently enlivening and invigorating than the contents of the loving cup. We are indebted to him for the Queen's Statue .". Hull Advertiser and Exchange Gazette. 26 November 1864.
^"A FREE LIBRARY FOR HULL .. Mr. Moss for providing free library for Hull ought to have succeeded .". Hull Advertiser and Exchange Gazette. 19 January 1867.
^"Hull Board of Guardians .. Mr Councillor John Symons .. was re-elected for the sixth time Deputy Governor .. for the .. Hull Incorporation for the Poor". Jewish Record. 11 December 1868.
^"HULL, Jewish Funeral.—The funeral of the late Alderman H. Feldman .. the largest Jewish ceremony ever held in the city". Leeds Mercury. 16 March 1915.
^"HULL'S CHOICE. Mr. Benno Pearlman and an Important Year. The new Major of Hull councillor Benno Pearlman". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. 10 November 1928.
^"MASONIC HONOUR Appointment for Mr Benno Pearlman At the annual Grand Festival meeting of the Grand Lodge of Master Masons of England and Wales, held at Freemasons' Hall, London, yesterday, Worshipful Brother Benno Pearlman. Past Master of the Thesaurus .". Hull Daily Mail. 3 June 1936.
^"HULL SHERIFF FOR THE THIRD YEAR .. Alderman Benno Pearlman has been invited to be Sheriff of Hull next year and has accepted. It will be the third occasion upon which he has been elected, the previous ones being in 1923 and 1932". Leeds Mercury. 4 October 1939.
^"Alderman Benno Pearlman on 36 Years of Public Life HULL ROTARY CLUB THE Sheriff of Hull (Alderman Bermo Pearlman), one of the big men in Hull municipal affairs, three times Sheriff of Hull and once Lord Mayor, yesterday talked to .". Hull Daily Mail. 4 May 1940.
^ abRosner, Bob (2006). One of the lucky ones: rescued by the kindertransport. Newark-on-Trent: Holocaust Centre. ISBN978-0-9543001-9-7. OCLC1006238529.
^"LABOUR'S majority in the Commons was cut to one yesterday through the death of Mr. Henry Solomons, MP, for Hull North. And the seat is highly marginal .". Daily Mirror. 8 November 1965.
^"London Committee of Deputies of British Jews. The Jews of Russia and Poland. .. subscriptions .. Hull synagogue .. I. Farbstein .. Eva .. Henry Farbstein .". Jewish Record. 21 May 1869.
^Bennet, E. A.; Macdonald, F. G.; Walker, Kenneth; Wilson, A. Cyril; O'Connor, Wm. A.; Hardy, L. I. (1946). "Homosexuality". The British Medical Journal. 1 (4442): 289–291. ISSN0007-1447. JSTOR20365591.
^Seewald, L. M. (1958). Continental handball: Official international rules. International Hand-Ball Federation.
^".. Samuel Jones Feldman and Maurice Victor Gosschalk, carrying on business as Solicitors, at 8, Trinity-houselane, in the city and county of Kingston-upon-Hull.". The London Gazette. 26 May 1908. p. 62.
^Silver, Bernard (2000). Three Jewish Giants of Leeds: Professor Selig Brodetsky, Sir Montague Burton & Jacob Kramer. Jewish Historical Society of England (Leeds Branch).
^amaatk123 (3 February 2021). "10. The Oasis Pleasure Dome". Born Again Swindonian. Retrieved 1 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Andrew Garford Moore (23 February 2015). "Merrion Centre – Leeds". Brutalist Constructions. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^"HULL AND EAST RIDING FURNISHING Co., 63, 65, & 67, ANLABY ROAD, HULL. OUR EXTENSIVE NEW PREMISES, ERECTED ESPECIALLY FOR THE FURNITURE TRADE". Hull Daily Mail. 14 December 1899.
^Hirschman, Elizabeth Caldwell; Yates, Donald Neal (2014). The early Jews and Muslims of England and Wales: a genetic and genealogical history. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN978-0-7864-7684-8.
^Defoe, Daniel (1724–1726). Rogers, Pat (ed.). A tour through the whole island of Great Britain. Penguin classics. London: Penguin Books. ISBN978-0-14-043066-0.
^"Bibbero, the Jew, charged with having committed an assault upon one of the Hull reporters for an adverse criticism which he had written on Pepper's ghost, has been discharged, the evidence not being .". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 18 October 1863.
^"MARQUIS BIBBERO BRIGHTON. Yesterday afternoon this celebrated swimmer swam with hands, feet, and arms tied in the sea. Shortly after twelve the Chain Pier was crowded, and great interest manifested the Mayor's yacht .". Sporting Life. 21 August 1883.
^"SCUNTHORPE PROMOTION .. Heading the programme are Reggie Cook .. and Gunner Martell, of Hull, winner of over 50 battles". Scunthorpe Evening Telegraph. 6 May 1939.
^"Rovers' Adviser. MR LOUIS HARRIS has been placed in charge of the Hull Kingston Rovers team and will act an advisory capacity at Board meetings. Mr Harris, a former Rovers threequarter .". Hull Daily Mail. 14 August 1937.
^Freedman, M. (1988). "The Leeds Jewish Community". In Tate LS (ed.). Aspects of Leeds. Leeds. pp. 161–174. ISBN1-871647-38-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ abLushmore, Richard (2011). A Game in Four Quarters. A sporting life along 'The Humber Riviera'. Easington.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^".. asked the witness If a man was drunk at seven o'clock if he could be sober at ten o'clock. Witness thought it could be so. Joseph Levy, circus manager, said he was taking money at the circus on Friday night from .". Torquay Times, and South Devon Advertiser. 7 December 1878.
^"BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. IN MEMORIAM. LEVY. In loving remembrance of dear husband, Joseph Levy, late Fountain-street, who passed away May 1899 .". Hull Daily Mail. 21 May 1901.
^"A LOCAL COMEDIAN. JERRY GOLD IN VARIETY BILL AT HULL ALEXANDRA .. direct from a London pantomine engagement of Jerry Gold". Hull Daily Mail. 12 February 1929.
^"JERRY GOLD 22 Carat Comedian". East Kent Times and Mail. 28 June 1939.
^"LENA HYMAN, the popular Hull vocalist, sails to-day for a tour of South Africa". Hull Daily Mail. 7 July 1932.
^"Sensational appearance of CARL WALTERS The Amazing Hypnotist". Hull Daily Mail. 8 September 1950.
^Henderson, Carrie (2018). Miriam Bibbero Johnson: Family, Philanthropy, Fashion: A Biography of Hull's Actress-Entertainer (House of Mirelle). Hull: House of Mirelle UK. ISBN978-1-9993090-0-8.
^"The Late Yorkshire Amateur Concerts". Jewish Record. 8 April 1870.
^"DISTRICT INTELLIGENCE .. Master Isenberg, a little blind violinist, gave a solo in the first part of the programme, his performance so pleasing the audience that be was twice recalled. Master Isenberg gave another violin solo in the second part, and .". Hull Packet. 23 December 1870.
^"District News .. part opened with a violin solo, Imitation of Bagpipes, by Mr Isenberg, who was encored .. The next was a comic song, Perverted Proverbs, by Mr Isenberg. who was again encored .". Hull Packet. 17 December 1880.
^"Hull Hebrew School [general report of immigration and settlement in Hull] [school under Rev Hart and J Symons] [ detailed account of star pupils Wolff, Isenberg, Casril, Feldman, Wacholder, since Philip Bender ("Benny") arrived ]". Jewish Record. 8 September 1871.
^"Local Intelligence .. Johus'- rooms, Osborne Street, when an attractive programme was presented, consisting of songs and recitations. Mr. Isenberg played two violin solos, being accompanied on the pianoforte by Miss Goltman .". Hull Packet. 7 September 1877.
^"The little blind violinist". Jewish Record. 20 January 1871.
^"MIRA JOHNSON FERGUSON RAWLINGS (Humorous and Dramatic Sketches). LOUIS GOULDEN (Syncopated Pianist). [ local radio times ]". Leeds Mercury. 6 February 1925.
^"ENORMOUS SUCCESS OF LOUIS GOULDEN (The Wizard of the Piano) And His Golden Serenaders". Hull Daily Mail. 19 May 1930.
^"DANCING TONIGHT LOUIS GOLD'S MONARCHS OF MELODY". Hull Daily Mail [ radio times ]. 10 September 1948.
^"SUPER HOLIDAY ATTRACTION MAXWELL DANIELS with Yorkshire's foremost Broadcasting Band, at the Alexandra Hotel, Bridlington". Hull Daily Mail. 4 August 1950.
^"One Hundred". The life of Jack Daniels the musician. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
^Oppel, Elliot (2000). The history of Hull's orthodox synagogues and the people connected with them. Beverley: Highgate. ISBN0-948929-16-2. OCLC45305328.
^"THE SO-CALLED DR. KUTTNER". Cumberland Pacquet, and Ware's Whitehaven Advertiser. 20 April 1858.
^Darby, Rev. William Arthur (9 June 1859). "THE Detection and Exposure of SAMUEL KUTTNER, Ph.D.—LL.D.-D.D., &c. &c. Ac.," with a Sketch of his Career as Controversial Lecturer and Preacher under the sanction of The Prelates and Clergy of the Church of Rome". Whitehaven News.
^"Robert Clubley White (sued with Samuel Kuttner), late of Staniforth-place, Hessle-road .. [ of ] .. Humber Dock-walls, in copartnership with Samuel Kuttner, under the style or firm of Kuttner, White, and Company, as General Merchants ...". The London Gazette. 25 February 1859. p. 784.