This is a list of notable people, of all ethnicities, born in the Republic of Moldova, the Moldovan SSR or the historical province of Bessarabia.
Artists and architects
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- Baruch Agadati (1895-1976), Palestinian-Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director
- Tudor Cataraga, sculptor
- Nachum Gutman (1898-1980), Teleneşti-born Israeli painter, sculptor, and author
- Andrei Mudrea, painter
- Alexandru Plămădeală, sculptor
- Mihai Petric, painter
- Alexey Shchusev, Russian architect
- Tudor Zbârnea, painter
- Alexandru Donici, poet and translator
- Ion Creanga, writer
- Alexei Mateevici, poet and publicist
- Alexandru Hâjdeu, writer
- Alecu Russo, writer
- Victor Ciobanu, writer and specialist in agriculture
- Bogdan Petriceicu-Hașdeu, writer and historian
- Constantin Stamati, writer and translator
- Constantin Stamati-Ciurea, writer and translator
- Constantin Stere, writer
- Dumitru Matcovschi, poet
- Grigore Vieru, poet and writer
- Ion Anton, poet and writer
- Ion Druță, novelist
- Ion Vatamanu, poet
- Ion Hadârcă, writer
- Lidia Kulikovski (born 1951), librarian, bibliographer and editor
- Liviu Damian, poet
- Mihai Eminescu, poet, novelist, and journalist
- Petru Cărare, poet and epigrammatist
- Sorana Gurian, writer
- Vasile Vasilache, writer
- Victor Teleucă, writer and poet
- Vladimir Beșleagă, novelist
- Sergiu Moraru, folklorist
- Eugen Doga
- Maria Bieșu
- Maria Cebotari
- Matthew Cornelius
- Sofia Rotaru
- Anatol Dumitras
- Nicolae Glib
- Anastasia Lazariuc
- Ion Suruceanu
- Nelly Ciobanu
- Zdob şi Zdub
- Anna Odobescu, singer and actress
- Valentina Naforniță, soprano opera singer
- Dan Bălan, pop singer
- Arsenie Todiraș, pop singer
- Natalia Barbu, pop singer
- Maria Bieșu, opera singer
- Geta Burlacu, singer
- Maria Cebotari, opera singer
- Mihai Dolgan, pop singer
- Valeriu Găină, guitarist
- Lidia Isac, pop singer
- Radu Marian, opera singer
- Sofia Rotaru, pop singer
- Radu Sîrbu, pop singer
- Pavel Stratan, folk singer
- Vika Jigulina, pop singer made famous for her hit Stereo Love
- Mark Zeltser, concert pianist
- Andrew Rayel, trance producer and DJ
- Sergey Stepanov, saxophonist, feminist
- Lev Berg, Russian biologist and geographer
- Ștefan Ciobanu, historian
- Nicolae Donici, astronomer
- Jerzy Neyman, Polish statistician
- Sergiu Rădăuțanu, physicist
- Nikolay Sclifosovsky, Russian surgeon and physiologist
- Nicolae Testemițanu, physician, surgeon and hygienist
- Timofei Moșneaga, physician, associate professor and former Minister of Health
- Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy, Russian chemist
- George de Bothezat (Gheorghe Botezatu), engineer and pioneer of helicopter flight
- Dumitru Braghiș, former chairman of the Party for Social Democracy, former MP, former Prime Minister of Moldova
- Dorin Chirtoacă, mayor of Chișinău
- Dumitru Diacov, honorary chairman of the Democratic Party, MP, former speaker of Parliament
- Vladimir Filat, former Prime Minister of Moldova, the Liberal-Democratic Party leader
- Mihai Ghimpu, chairman of the Liberal Party, MP
- Victor Guzun, Ambassador of the Republic of Moldova to Estonia
- Avigdor Lieberman, Moldovan-born Israeli Member of the Knesset
- Petru Lucinschi, former President of Democratic Party, MP, former speaker of the Parliament
- Alexandru Moșanu, historian, former speaker of Parliament
- Iurie Roșca, chairman of the Christian-Democratic Peoples Party, former deputy speaker of the Parliament
- Oleg Serebrian, political scientist and diplomat, former chairman of the Social-Liberal Party, former MP
- Mircea Snegur, former President of Moldova (3 Sept 1990 - 15 Jan 1997)
- Vasile Tarlev, former Prime Minister of Moldova
- Stepan Topal, Gagauz politician and activist
- Serafim Urechean, former chairman of the "Our Moldova Alliance", former MP
- Vladimir Voronin, former President of Moldova (7 Apr 2001 - 11 Sep 2009)