This is a list of notable defectors from North Korea to South Korea. In total, as of 2016[update], 31,093 North Korean defectors had entered South Korea.[1] By 2020 the number had grown to about 33,000.[2] The dates shown below are the dates that the defectors arrived in South Korea.
No Kum-sok, a fighter pilot, flew his MiG-15 to the South. Since this fighter plane was then the best the Communist bloc had, No's defection was considered an intelligence bonanza, and he was awarded the then high sum of $100,000 and the right to reside in the United States. His mother defected in 1951.
Kim Shin-jo – on 21 January, one of a 31-person team sent to the South to assassinate then-President Park Chung-hee. This led to retaliation in what is known as the Silmido incident. After his life was spared, he has become a missionary and has written books on how he found inner peace in Christianity.
Yi Han-yong – nephew of Kim Jong Il; shot to death in 1997 in Gyeonggi-do by unknown assailants widely suspected to be North Korean agents, in what was variously speculated to be an attempt to silence him after his publication of a tell-all book about Kim Jong Il's private life, revenge for his mother Seong Hye-rang's defection a year earlier, or a warning to fellow defector Hwang Jang-yop.[3] His mother Seong Hye-rang (sister of Song Hye-rim, the mistress of Kim Jong Il and mother of Kim Jong-nam) defected to Europe in 1996 while his sister Yi Nam-ok had defected to the South in 1992.
1987
Kim Hyon-hui – planted the bomb that brought down Korean Air Flight 858, but was extradited to South Korea and ultimately pardoned for her crime after being caught in Bahrain and attempting suicide.[4]
1989
Lee Sang-jo, a former North Korean Ambassador to Russia and Army general defected.
Kang Chol-hwan – Due to North Korea's policy of collective punishment, Kang was imprisoned at age 9 along with his entire family after his father, a Zainichi Korean who'd returned to North Korea, was accused of treason.[5] Kang was released ten years later, fled to China alongside his friend and fellow Yodok internee An Hyuk and defected to South Korea in 1992, where he became a prominent human rights activist and a columnist at The Chosun Ilbo.[6]
An Hyuk – He formerly lived as an expatriate in China, and repatriated to North Korea in 1986; however, he was accused of spying, and imprisoned at the Yodok concentration camp.[7] He was released three years later, fled to China alongside his friend and fellow Yodok internee Kang Chol-hwan and defected to South Korea in 1992.
Lee Soon-ok – high-ranking party member from northern province defected with her son to South Korea via China and Hong Kong after suffering seven years in a political prisoner camp at Kaechon.
Jang Yeong-jin – a former soldier and the only openly gay North Korean defector.[10][11]
Lee Hyeon-seo, defected in 1997 and currently lives in Seoul as a student, wrote The Girl with Seven Names about her escape from North Korea and later guiding her family out of North Korea through China and Laos.
Yoo Sang-joon, defected to China, later arrived in South Korea and from there helped smuggle his son from China and Mongolia to South Korea.
Jang Gil-su – fled North Korea at age 15, and became famous in South Korea following publication there and in the U.S. media of his chilling crayon drawings, which depict horrific abuses by North Korean authorities against North Korean civilians.
Kim Seong-min, defected in 1997 after he was accused of espionage and sentenced to death, arrived in South Korea in 1999. Founded Free North Korea Radio.
Choi Kwang-hyouk, defected after his left leg was amputated below the knee by doctors after a train accident, won the bronze medal in para ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.
2002
Kyong Won-ha – Chief scientist of North Korea's nuclear program, defected to the West, taking with him many of the secrets of the atomic program pioneered since 1984. He was one of 20 scientists and military officers who were smuggled out of North Korea during the alleged Operation Weasel.
Jin Gyeong-suk – arrived in South Korea in 2002. She was later abducted two years later and forcefully deported back to North Korea, where she was tortured and died in custody in January 2005.[14]
Kim Cheol-woong, a classically trained musician defected.[15] and has performed in the United States.[16][17]
Jeong Kwang-il, former prisoner, defected in 2003 and currently smuggles films, soap operas, and entertainment on DVDs and USB thumb drives (some of which contain an offline copy of Wikipedia) into North Korea.
Shin Dong-hyuk – defector and author notable for giving testimony on North Korean living conditions to the United Nations. In 2015 he confessed to lying about many aspects of his life in North Korea.
Yeonmi Park – a best-selling author and prominent activist among American conservatives, described as being "one of the most famous North Korean defectors in the world".[21] Journalistic investigations by The Diplomat and The Washington Post concerning Park's stories of life in North Korea charged that she had embellished and even fabricated many of her claims about North Korea.[22][23]
Lim Ji-hyun – became a popular television personality after defecting to South Korea, went missing in 2017 before resurfacing in a series of North Korean interviews, prompting fears she had been abducted and returned to the country.[24]
Kim Kuk-sung,[27] a colonel from North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau intelligence agency defected. South Korean authorities said that the colonel had been responsible for supervising espionage efforts against the South.[28] Senior-level defections are rare, though no motive was released regarding this defection.[29]
2016
Lee Chul-eun – A former high ranking government official working for the North Korean Ministry of State Security, defected to South Korea with a friend by swimming across the Yellow Sea.[30]
Jong Yol-ri, then 18-years old, defected at Hong Kong when participating the International Mathematical Olympiad as part of North Korea's national team. He stayed in South Korean embassy for 80 days before China allowed him to travel to South Korea.[32]
2017
Oh Chong-song[33] fled North Korea at the Joint Security Area on 13 November 2017. North Korean soldiers fired over 40 rounds at Oh, and he was struck five times.[34][35] He survived the shooting, was rescued by South Korean soldiers, and his condition stabilized at a South Korean hospital after treatment for bullet wounds and multiple intestinal parasitic worms.[36][37]
Kim Woo-joo, former gymnast, scaled a barbed wire fence and surrendered to South Korean military personnel. Despite the border being heavily monitored and fortified, it was determined that some of the motion sensors had loose screws that caused them to fail to detect the man as he crawled past. The incident prompted a review of all of the sensors along the DMZ border.[41] In 2022, he crossed back into North Korea, again via the DMZ.[42]
^"前 北축구대표감독 윤명찬씨 '3대 상봉' 南서 첫 설" [Former North Korean soccer coach Yun Myong-chan's '3rd reunion' first New Year's in the South]. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). 4 February 2000. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
^"前 북한축구대표팀 감독 망명…中거쳐 올1월 입국" [Former North Korean national football team coach exiled... Arrived in January this year via China]. The Dong-a Ilbo (in Korean). 11 March 2004. Retrieved 29 December 2021.