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List of South American dinosaurs

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 27 min

This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from South America.

Criteria for inclusion

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List of South American dinosaurs

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Valid genera

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Name Year Formation Location Notes Images
Abelisaurus 1985 Allen Formation?/Anacleto Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Only known from a single partial skull
Achillesaurus 2007 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina Potentially a junior synonym of Alvarezsaurus[1]
Adamantisaurus 2006 Adamantina Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Maastrichtian)  Brazil Derived for a titanosaur as indicated by the ball-and-socket articulations of its caudal vertebrae
Adeopapposaurus 2009 Cañón del Colorado Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Pliensbachian)  Argentina May have had a keratinous beak based on the shape of its jaw bones
Aeolosaurus 1987 Allen Formation?, Angostura Colorada Formation, Lago Colhué Huapí Formation, Los Alamitos Formation?, Serra da Galga Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina
 Brazil? 		Known from the remains of several individuals
Aerosteon 2009 Anacleto Formation?/Plottier Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Campanian)  Argentina) Its bones were extensively pneumatized, suggesting an air sac system like those of modern birds
Agustinia 1999 Lohan Cura Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Argentina Originally described as possessing long, vaguely-stegosaur like spikes, although these turned out to be fragments of ribs and other bones[2]
Alnashetri 2012 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina The oldest alvarezsauroid known from South America
Alvarezsaurus 1991 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina One of the largest known alvarezsaurids
Amargasaurus 1991 La Amarga Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Argentina Possessed two parallel rows of backward-pointing spines on its neck that may have been covered by keratin sheaths[3] or a skin sail[4]
Amargatitanis 2007 La Amarga Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Argentina Originally described as a titanosaur[5] although it has since been reinterpreted as a dicraeosaurid[6]
Amazonsaurus 2003 Itapecuru Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Brazil Had tall neural spines on its caudal vertebrae
Amygdalodon 1947 Cerro Carnerero Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Its teeth were shaped like almonds
Anabisetia 2002 Lisandro Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Four specimens are known but the skull remains incompletely known
Andesaurus 1991 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Several osteological features indicate a basal position within the Titanosauria
Aniksosaurus 2006 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Bone bed remains suggest a gregarious lifestyle[7]
Antarctosaurus 1929 Adamantina Formation?, Anacleto Formation, Plottier Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Campanian)  Argentina
 Brazil? 		Multiple specimens have been assigned to this genus, including some from outside South America, but most may not represent the same taxon
Aoniraptor 2016 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Either a valid megaraptoran or a synonym of Gualicho[8]
Arackar 2021 Hornitos Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Chile The most complete sauropod known from Chile
Aratasaurus 2020 Romualdo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Brazil All three of its toes were symmetric
Argentinosaurus 1993 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina May be the largest known dinosaur
Argyrosaurus 1893 Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Several remains were historically assigned to this genus, but only the holotype can be confidently assigned to it[9]
Arrudatitan 2021 Adamantina Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Brazil Its tail probably curved strongly downward, with the tip held very low to the ground[10]
Asfaltovenator 2019 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Combines traits of both megalosauroids and allosauroids. Its describers suggest paraphyly of the former group[11]
Atacamatitan 2011 Tolar Formation (Late Cretaceous)  Chile Only known from a single, fragmentary skeleton
Aucasaurus 2002 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian)  Argentina Known from almost the entire skeleton, including most of the skull
Austrocheirus 2010 Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Unusually for an abelisauroid, its arms were relatively long
Austroposeidon 2016 Presidente Prudente Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Brazil The largest dinosaur known from Brazil
Austroraptor 2008 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Possessed an elongated snout paralleling that of spinosaurids
Baalsaurus 2018 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian)  Argentina Had a squared-off dentary with its teeth crowded to the front
Bagualia 2020 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Represents an early radiation of eusauropods that displaced earlier basal sauropodomorphs after a global warming event[12]
Bagualosaurus 2018 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Brazil Its hindlimbs were very robust
Bajadasaurus 2019 Bajada Colorada Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  Argentina Possessed elongated, forward-pointing spines erupting in pairs from the neck
Barrosasaurus 2009 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Only known from three vertebrae but are well-preserved enough to warrant recognition as a distinct genus
Baurutitan 2005 Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Brazil Originally described from an associated series of nineteen vertebrae; new remains were discovered later[13]
Berthasaura 2021 Goio-Erê Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Brazil Possessed a short, toothless beak, indicating a herbivorous or omnivorous diet
Bicentenaria 2012 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Several individuals were preserved together, suggesting a gregarious lifestyle[14]
Bonapartenykus 2012 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Its holotype was preserved with two eggs that may have been within its oviducts when it died[15]
Bonapartesaurus 2017 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Belongs to the Austrokritosauria, an endemic South American clade of hadrosaurids[16]
Bonatitan 2004 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Analysis of its inner ear suggests a decreased range of head movements compared to other sauropods[17]
Bonitasaura 2004 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina The proportions of its body were somewhat similar to those of diplodocoids, likely through convergent evolution
Brachytrachelopan 2005 Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian)  Argentina Possessed the shortest neck of any known sauropod
Brasilotitan 2013 Adamantina Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil Had an L-shaped dentary similar to that of Antarctosaurus and Bonitasaura
Bravasaurus 2020 Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Discovered close to a large concentration of titanosaur eggs
Buitreraptor 2005 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina May have been a pursuit predator due to its long legs[18]
Buriolestes 2016 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Brazil Unlike all other sauropodomorphs, it was completely carnivorous, with serrated teeth to match
Bustingorrytitan 2023 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian  Argentina Large yet distantly related to other gigantic titanosaurs[19]
Caieiria 2022 Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil Its caudal vertebrae had an unusual anatomy
Campylodoniscus 1961 Bajo Barreal Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Only known from a single maxilla with seven teeth
Carnotaurus 1985 La Colonia Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Argentina Possessed a pair of short horns on the top of its skull
Cathartesaura 2005 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Had a well-muscled neck although it could not move strongly up or down
Chilesaurus 2015 Toqui Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  Chile Combines traits of theropods, sauropodomorphs, and ornithischians, with far-reaching implications for the evolution of the Dinosauria
Choconsaurus 2017 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina One of the most completely known basal titanosaurs
Chromogisaurus 2010 Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Argentina Its discovery suggests that early dinosaurs were more diverse than previously thought
Chubutisaurus 1975 Cerro Barcino Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Argentina Unusually, its forelimbs were shorter than its hindlimbs[20]
Chucarosaurus 2023 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Smaller and more slender than the contemporary Argentinosaurus
Clasmodosaurus 1898 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Similarly to Bonitasaura, its teeth were polygonal in cross-section
Coloradisaurus 1990 Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Argentina Originally called Coloradia, although that genus name is occupied by a moth
Comahuesaurus 2012 Lohan Cura Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Argentina Its holotype was originally assigned to Limaysaurus, but it was named as a separate genus due to several morphological differences
Condorraptor 2005 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Closely related to the coeval Piatnitzkysaurus but could be distinguished by several osteological features
Dreadnoughtus 2014 Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina The heaviest land animal whose mass can be calculated with reasonable certainty
Drusilasaura 2011 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Potentially the oldest known member of the lognkosaurian lineage[21]
Ekrixinatosaurus 2004 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Had robust bones, indicating a massive build and a greater resistance to injuries[22]
Elaltitan 2012 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Extremely large as indicated by its long femur
Elemgasem 2022 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian)  Argentina The first abelisaurid known from the Turonian-Coniacian interval
Eoabelisaurus 2012 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Shows a transitional arm morphology for an abelisauroid, with a shortened lower arm and hand, but an unreduced humerus
Eodromaeus 2011 Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian  Argentina Well-adapted for cursoriality despite its early age[23]
Eoraptor 1993 Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Argentina Possessed different types of teeth, suggesting it was omnivorous
Epachthosaurus 1990 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Its caudal vertebrae were procoelous; i.e. concave at the front and convex at the back
Erythrovenator 2021 Candelária Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian)  Brazil Known from the Riograndia Assemblage Zone, an area which is unusually dominated by cynodonts
Futalognkosaurus 2007 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina Possessed meter-deep cervical vertebrae with distinctive shark fin-shaped neural spines
Gasparinisaura 1996 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Known from specimens of both adults and juveniles
Genyodectes 1901 Cerro Barcino Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Argentina Had extremely large and protruding teeth
Giganotosaurus 1995 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina One of the largest known terrestrial carnivorous dinosaurs
Gnathovorax 2019 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Brazil Known from a well-preserved, almost complete skeleton
Gondwanatitan 1999 Adamantina Formation, Cambabe Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil For a titanosaur, it had relatively gracile limb bones
Gonkoken 2023 Dorotea Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Chile The southernmost basal hadrosauroid known to date, known from more southern latitudes than true hadrosaurids
Guaibasaurus 1999 Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Brazil Combines features of both early theropods and sauropodomorphs
Gualicho 2016 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Originally described as having highly reduced arms with only two fingers, convergent with tyrannosaurids, although one study suggests a third finger was present[24]
Guemesia 2022 Los Blanquitos Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Unlike other abelisaurids, it lacked ornamentation on its skull[25]
Herrerasaurus 1963 Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Argentina One of the largest early carnivorous dinosaurs. Usually considered a basal saurischian but may be just outside Dinosauria[26]
Huallasaurus 2022 Los Alamitos Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Remains originally misidentified as belonging to a southern species of Kritosaurus
Huinculsaurus 2020 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina The youngest known elaphrosaurine
Ibirania 2022 São José do Rio Preto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian)  Brazil May have attained its small size due to its arid inland habitat, unlike other dwarf titanosaurs which were affected by insular dwarfism[27]
Ilokelesia 1998 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Its skull retains some basal abelisauroid traits
Inawentu 2023 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina Possessed a short neck and squared-off snout, convergent with the rebbachisaurids that went extinct shortly before this genus lived
Ingentia 2018 Quebrada del Barro Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian)  Argentina The earliest known very large sauropodomorph[28]
Irritator 1996 Romualdo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Brazil May have been the apex predator of its habitat, hunting both aquatic and terrestrial prey[29]
Isaberrysaura 2017 Los Molles Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bajocian)  Argentina Preserves gut contents including whole seeds
Isasicursor 2019 Chorrillo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Four individuals of different ages were found together, suggesting it lived in herds[30]
Itapeuasaurus 2019 Alcântara Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Brazil Only known from six vertebrae
Jakapil 2022 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Represents a novel lineage of ornithischians, characterized by small size, deep jaws, and a bipedal stance
Kaijutitan 2019 Sierra Barrosa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina One of the latest-surviving basal titanosaurs
Katepensaurus 2013 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Distinguished by a certain opening in its dorsal vertebrae
Kelumapusaura 2022 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Known from the remains of various individuals
Kurupi 2021 Marília Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil Would have had a stiff tail as indicated by the anatomy of its caudal vertebrae
Lajasvenator 2020 Mulichinco Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian)  Argentina One of the smallest known allosauroids
Lapampasaurus 2012 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Known from a partial skeleton lacking the skull
Laplatasaurus 1929 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Osteoderms have been assigned to this taxon although this referral is uncertain
Laquintasaura 2014 La Quinta Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian)  Venezuela One study recovered it as a basal thyreophoran[31] despite the fact no osteoderms have been found
Lavocatisaurus 2018 Rayoso Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Argentina May have possessed a keratinous beak[32]
Leinkupal 2014 Bajada Colorada Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  Argentina The youngest known diplodocid
Leonerasaurus 2011 Las Leoneras Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Toarcian)  Argentina Has an unusual combination of basal and derived traits
Lessemsaurus 1999 Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Argentina Grew very large despite lacking the anatomical traits usually seen as supporting gigantism[28]
Leyesaurus 2011 Quebrada del Barro Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Toarcian)  Argentina Had an unusually small skull
Ligabueino 1996 La Amarga Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Argentina Known from a single, very small, juvenile skeleton
Ligabuesaurus 2006 Lohan Cura Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Argentina Its forelimbs were extremely long, with similar proportions to those of brachiosaurids[33]
Limaysaurus 2004 Candeleros Formation, Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Possessed elongated neural spines on its dorsal vertebrae
Llukalkan 2021 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina May have had a keen sense of hearing due to the shape of its ear[34]
Loncosaurus 1899 Cardiel Formation?/Metasiete Formation? (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Poorly known
Loricosaurus 1929 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Argentina Potentially synonymous with Neuquensaurus or Saltasaurus
Lucianovenator 2017 Quebrada del Barro Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian)  Argentina One of the few theropods known from the Rhaetian
Macrocollum 2018 Candelária Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Brazil One of the oldest sauropodomorphs with an extremely elongated neck
Macrogryphosaurus 2007 Sierra Barrosa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina Preserves a series of mineralized plates along the side of the torso
Mahuidacursor 2019 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina Its holotype was sexually mature but not fully grown
Maip 2022 Chorrillo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Argentina The largest, youngest, and most completely known megaraptoran
Malarguesaurus 2008 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian)  Argentina Large and robustly built
Manidens 2011 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina May have been arboreal due to the structure of its feet, with toes adapted for grasping[35]
Mapusaurus 2006 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina At least seven specimens of different growth stages are known, possibly suggesting that lived and/or hunted in packs
Maxakalisaurus 2006 Adamantina Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil Unusually for a sauropod, it had ridged teeth
Megaraptor 1998 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian)  Argentina Possessed a large, strongly curved claw on its first finger
Mendozasaurus 2003 Sierra Barrosa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina Had spherical osteoderms that were probably located in rows along the flanks[36]
Menucocelsior 2022 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Argentina Coexisted with multiple other titanosaurs that may have niche-partitioned[37]
Meraxes 2022 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Possessed reduced forelimbs convergent with several other groups of theropods
Microcoelus 1893 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian)  Argentina May be a synonym of Neuquensaurus
Mirischia 2004 Romualdo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Brazil Its holotype preserves an intestine
Murusraptor 2016 Sierra Barrosa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina Had a brain morphology similar to that of tyrannosaurids but its sensory capabilities were closer to the level of allosauroids[38]
Mussaurus 1979 Laguna Colorada Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian)  Argentina Multiple specimens from different growth stages are known. Juveniles may have been quadrupedal and shifted to bipedality as adults[39]
Muyelensaurus 2007 Plottier Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Santonian)  Argentina Relatively gracile for a titanosaur
Narambuenatitan 2011 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Its neural spines are very similar to those of Epachthosaurus
Neuquenraptor 2005 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina Potentially synonymous with Unenlagia[40]
Neuquensaurus 1992 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina
 Uruguay? 		One of the smallest known titanosaurs
Nhandumirim 2019 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Brazil Originally described as a theropod[41] but has since been reinterpreted as a sauropodomorph[42]
Niebla 2020 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Had a uniquely-built scapulocoracoid very similar to that of Carnotaurus
Ninjatitan 2021 Bajada Colorada Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  Argentina The oldest known titanosaur
Noasaurus 1980 Lecho Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Originally mistakenly believed to have possessed a dromaeosaurid-like sickle claw
Nopcsaspondylus 2007 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Named from a single, lost vertebra
Notoceratops 1918 Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Originally described as a ceratopsian but this identity is today doubted
Notocolossus 2016 Plottier Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Santonian)  Argentina Unusually for a sauropod, its unguals were truncated
Notohypsilophodon 1998 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Only known from a skull-less, juvenile skeleton
Nullotitan 2019 Chorrillo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Would have niche-partitioned with smaller ornithopods
Orkoraptor 2008 Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Had highly specialized dentition similar to that of maniraptorans
Overoraptor 2020 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Shows adaptations for both flight and cursoriality
Overosaurus 2013 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina One of the smallest known aeolosaurins
Padillasaurus 2015 Paja Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Colombia Originally described as a brachiosaurid[43] although it could also be a somphospondylian[44]
Pampadromaeus 2011 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Brazil Some features of its jaws are similar to those of theropods
Pamparaptor 2011 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian)  Argentina Had a troodontid-like metatarsal
Panamericansaurus 2010 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Known from a single partial skeleton
Pandoravenator 2017 Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian)  Argentina Inconsistent in phylogenetic placement
Panphagia 2009 Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Argentina Was omnivorous as indicated by its heterodont dentition
Patagonykus 1996 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian)  Argentina Its discovery allowed researchers to connect Alvarezsaurus and parvicursorines[45]
Patagopelta 2022 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Although originally described as the first nodosaurid recovered from South America, it may actually be a parankylosaurian[46][47]
Patagosaurus 1979 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Known from remains of adults and juveniles, depicting how various features developed in sauropods as they aged
Patagotitan 2017 Cerro Barcino Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Argentina One of the largest dinosaurs known from reasonably complete remains
Pellegrinisaurus 1996 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina May have lived inland unlike other contemporaneous titanosaurs[48]
Perijasaurus 2022 La Quinta Formation (Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic, Toarcian to Aalenian)  Colombia Only known from a single vertebra
Petrobrasaurus 2011 Plottier Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Santonian)  Argentina Shares somes features with lognkosaurs, but its membership within this clade cannot be confirmed
Piatnitzkysaurus 1979 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina One of the few early theropods with a well-preserved braincase
Pilmatueia 2019 Mulichinco Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian)  Argentina Had elongated spines on its cervical vertebrae, although they were not as tall as those of Amargasaurus and Bajadasaurus[49]
Pitekunsaurus 2008 Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Known from several bones from different parts of the body, including a braincase
Powellvenator 2017 Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Argentina Some of this genus' remains were originally associated with those of a pseudosuchian[50]
Puertasaurus 2005 Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Large but only known from very few remains
Punatitan 2020 Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Contemporary with Bravasaurus but was most likely distantly related[51]
Pycnonemosaurus 2002 Cachoeira do Bom Jardim Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Brazil Potentially the largest known abelisaurid[52]
Quetecsaurus 2014 Lisandro Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian)  Argentina Its humerus was uniquely-shaped
Quilmesaurus 2001 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Had proportionally robust legs despite its small size
Rayososaurus 1996 Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Argentina Very similar to Rebbachisaurus despite only being known from scant remains
Rinconsaurus 2003 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina Unusually, its caudal vertebrae had a repeating pattern of procoely, amphicoely, opisthocoely, and biconvex states
Riojasaurus 1969 Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Argentina Although commonly depicted as quadrupedal, the structure of its shoulder girdle suggests it may potentially be bipedal
Rocasaurus 2000 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Small for a sauropod yet was very robust
Saltasaurus 1980 Lecho Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Argentina Possessed osteoderms in the form of large round nodules connected by a mass of smaller plates
Sanjuansaurus 2010 Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Argentina Coexisted with Herrerasaurus but most likely represents a separate taxon
Santanaraptor 1999 Romualdo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  Brazil Preserves soft tissues including the remains of skin, muscle, and possibly blood vessels[53][54]
Sarmientosaurus 2016 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Analysis of its inner ear suggests it held its head downwards, possibly indicating a preference for low-growing plants
Saturnalia 1999 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian)  Brazil Known from at least three partial skeletons
Secernosaurus 1979 Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina Would have lived in an arid gypsum desert[55]
Sektensaurus 2019 Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina The first non-hadrosaurid ornithopod recovered from central Patagonia
Skorpiovenator 2009 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Had an unusually short and deep skull
Spectrovenator 2020 Quiricó Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Brazil Its holotype was found underneath a sauropod skeleton
Staurikosaurus 1970 Santa Maria Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian)  Brazil May have been a rare component of its environment as only two specimens are known
Stegouros 2021 Dorotea Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Chile Possessed a "macuahuitl" at the end of its tail, made of a connected "frond" of pointed osteoderms
Tachiraptor 2014 La Quinta Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian)  Venezuela Closely related to ceratosaurs and tetanurans[56]
Talenkauen 2004 Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina May have practiced parental care as an adult and a hatchling have been found together
Tapuiasaurus 2011 Quiricó Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian)  Brazil One of the few titanosaurs from which a complete skull is known
Taurovenator 2016 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Originally known from only a single postorbital. More remains were described in 2024[57]
Tehuelchesaurus 1999 Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian)  Argentina Preserves impressions of scaly skin
Thanos 2020 São José do Rio Preto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Brazil Only known from a single vertebra. The generic name honors the Marvel Comics villain Thanos
Tiamat 2024 Açu Formation (Early to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian).  Brazil An early-branching titanosaur, named after the Mesopotamian goddess of the same name.
Tietasaura 2024 Marfim Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian to Hauterivian).  Brazil Known from a single partial femur. The first ornithischian genus described from Brazil.
Titanomachya 2024 La Colonia Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Argentina The morphology of its astragalus is intermediate between members of the Colossosauria and Saltasauroidea[58]
Tralkasaurus 2020 Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Exhibits a conflicting blend of characteristics from basal and derived abelisauroids
Tratayenia 2018 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina One of the youngest known megaraptorans[59]
Traukutitan 2011 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina Retained basal features in its caudal vertebrae despite its late age
Trigonosaurus 2005 Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil Potentially synonymous with Baurutitan[13]
Triunfosaurus 2017 Rio Piranhas Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  Brazil Originally described as a titanosaur[60] but similarities have been noted with basal somphospondylans[61]
Tyrannotitan 2005 Cerro Barcino Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian)  Argentina Unlike other carcharodontosaurids, its sacral and caudal vertebrae were not pneumatic
Uberabatitan 2008 Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil Several individuals are known, some of which are very large
Unaysaurus 2004 Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian)  Brazil Described as the first plateosaurid-grade sauropodomorph from Brazil
Unenlagia 1997 Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian)  Argentina Could potentially be adapted for flapping due to the structure of its shoulder girdle[62]
Unquillosaurus 1979 Los Blanquitos Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Argentina Has been suggested to be a dromaeosaurid[63] or a carcharodontosaurid[64]
Velocisaurus 1991 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina Unusually, its third metatarsal is the thickest, which may be an adaptation to running
Vespersaurus 2019 Rio Paraná Formation (Cretaceous)  Brazil Possessed raised claws on its second and fourth toes, making it functionally monodactyl, a possible adaptation to its desert habitat
Viavenator 2016 Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Argentina May have relied on quick movements of its head and gaze stabilization when hunting
Volkheimeria 1979 Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Argentina Coexisted with at least three other eusauropods
Willinakaqe 2010 Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Argentina As originally described, it represented a chimera of two different taxa, one of which was later named Bonapartesaurus[65]
Xenotarsosaurus 1986 Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian)  Argentina Had an unusually-shaped astragalus and calcaneum
Yamanasaurus 2019 Río Playas Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Ecuador The northernmost saltasaurine known to date[51]
Ypupiara 2021 Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Brazil May have been a piscivore due to the shape of its teeth[66]
Zapalasaurus 2006 La Amarga Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Aptian)  Argentina Known from an incomplete skeleton, including several caudal vertebrae
Zupaysaurus 2003 Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Argentina Although commonly depicted with head crests, they may in fact be misplaced lacrimal bones[67]

Invalid and potentially valid genera

[edit]
  • Angaturama limai: Only known from the tip of the snout. It may belong to the contemporary Irritator, but it could also represent its own taxon.
  • "Bayosaurus pubica": An abelisaurid known from partial postcranial remains.
  • Oxalaia quilombensis: Potentially a junior synonym of Spinosaurus.
  • "Ubirajara jubatus": Known from a single specimen that preserves impressions of feathers, including display feathers on its sides. Its description was retracted before it could be published due to allegations that the specimen was illegally exported from Brazil.

Timeline

[edit]

This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in Ma, megaannum, along the x-axis. Carnivores are shown in red, herbivores in green and omnivores in blue.

MesozoicTriassicJurassicCretaceousSaltasaurusBaurutitanAustroraptorCarnotaurusAbelisaurusGasparinisauraPycnonemosaurusDreadnoughtusSecernosaurusQuilmesaurusAustroposeidonPuertasaurusThanos simonattoiMahuidacursorAlvarezsaurusNeuquensaurusOverosaurusViavenatorVelocisaurusAchillesaurusMalarguesaurusMacrogryphosaurusBayosaurusAnabisetiaOrkoraptorAlnashetriEkrixinatosaurusGualicho shinyaeLimaysaurusAndesaurusBicentenariaBuitreraptorMapusaurusSkorpiovenatorArgentinosaurusGiganotosaurusPatagotitanOxalaiaSantanaraptorMirischiaIrritatorTyrannotitanAmazonsaurusGenyodectesAmargastegosAmargasaurusZapalasaurusLigabueinoPadillasaurusLeinkupalBajadasaurusChilesaurusTehuelchesaurusPandoravenatorIsaberrysauraEoabelisaurusCondorraptorManidensPatagosaurusPiatnitzkysaurusLeonerasaurusAmygdalodonTachiraptorLeyesaurusAdeopapposaurusLaquintasauraLucianovenatorZupaysaurusColoradisaurusGuaibasaurusUnaysaurusLessemsaurusStaurikosaurusChromogisaurusSanjuansaurusPanphagiaEoraptorEodromaeusHerrerasaurusBuriolestesMesozoicTriassicJurassicCretaceous

See also

[edit]

References

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