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List of Virginia suffragists
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This is a list of Virginia suffragists, suffrage groups and others associated with the cause of women's suffrage in Virginia.
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Groups
[edit]- Bedford Equal Suffrage League.[1]
- Colored Women's Voting Club in Roanoke.[2]
- Equal Suffrage League of Fredericksburg.[3]
- Equal Suffrage League of Highland Springs.[4]
- Equal Suffrage League of Lynchburg.[4]
- Equal Suffrage League of Norfolk.[3]
- Equal Suffrage League of Williamsburg.[4]
- Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, formed in 1909.[5]
- Men's Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, formed in 1912.[6]
- Newport News Equal Suffrage League.[5]
- Virginia Beach National Woman's Party.[7]
- Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, created in 1907.[8]
- Virginia Suffrage Association (formerly Virginia Suffrage Society) formed in 1893.[5]
- Virginia Branch of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage formed in 1915.[9]
Suffragists
[edit]
- Pauline Adams (Norfolk).[1]
- Lillie Barbour.[10]
- Janie Porter Barrett (Hampton).[10]
- Kate Waller Barrett (Alexandria).[11]
- Anna Whitehead Bodeker (1826–1904) – leader of the earliest attempts to organize for suffrage in Virginia; co-founder and inaugural president of Virginia State Woman Suffrage Association, the first suffrage association in Virginia.[11]
- Kate Langley Bosher (Richmond).[11]
- Rosa Dixon Bowser (Richmond).[1]
- Martha Haines Butt.[12]
- Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne[13]
- Adèle Clark (Richmond).[1]
- Mary Ellen Pollard Clarke[14]
- Elizabeth Cooke (Norfolk).[15]
- Edith Clark Cowles (Richmond).[1]
- Anne Clay Crenshaw (Richmond).[5]
- Blanche Culpeper[16]
- Janet Stuart Oldershaw Durham[13]
- Janetta R. FitzHugh (Fredericksburg).[3]
- Ellen Glasgow (Richmond).[11]
- Nora Houston (Richmond).[1][16]
- Maude Jamison (Norfolk).[1][7]
- Julia S. Jennings[14]
- Eugenia Jobson.[10]
- Maria I. Johnston (Fredericksburg).[17]
- Mary Johnston (Richmond).[15]
- Emma Lee Kelley[14]
- Fannie Bayly King.[10][16]
- Orra Henderson Moore Gray Langhorn (Lynchburg).[5]
- Elizabeth Langhorne Lewis[14]
- Mary Morris Hall Lockwood[14][13]
- Lucy Randolph Mason (Richmond).[1][15]
- Nell Mercer (Norfolk).[7]
- Sophie G. Meredith (Richmond).[7]
- Faith W. Morgan.[18]
- Mary-Cooke Branch Munford (Richmond).[11]
- Josephine Mathews Norcom[14]
- Elizabeth Lewis Otey[14][13]
- Rosewell Page.[19]
- Millie Lawson Bethell Paxton (Roanoke).[20][2]
- Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon.[1]
- Mary Bell Perkins[13]
- Agnes Dillon Randolph (Richmond).[1][13]
- Eudora Ramsay Richardson.[1]
- Sally Nelson Robins (Richmond).[15]
- Ellen Robinson.[18]
- Ora Brown Stokes.[1]
- Alice Overbey Taylor.[4]
- Ida Mae Thompson (Richmond).[1]
- Clayton Torrence.[21]
- Jessie Fremont Easton Townsend (Norfolk).[3]
- Lyon G. Tyler (Williamsburg).[10]
- Lila Meade Valentine (Richmond).[11]
- Maggie L. Walker (Richmond).[1][13]
- Roberta Wellford[14]
- Annie Barna Whitner[14]
- Sarah Harvie Wormeley.[10]
- Eugenie Macon Yancey (Bedford).[1][13]
Politicians supporting women's suffrage
[edit]- Richard Lewis Brewer, Jr.[16][22]
- Charles Carlin (originally opposed)[16]
- Howard T. Colvin.[21]
- Howard Cecil Gilmer.[19]
- Thomas Lomax Hunter.[19][22]
- Allan Jones.[19]
- Wyndham R. Mayo (Norfolk).[10][16]
- Hill Montague (Richmond).[21]
- John Garland Pollard[16]
- John R. Saunders[16]
- Elbert Lee Trinkle[16]
- Junius E. West[23]
Places
[edit]Publications
[edit]- The Virginia Suffrage News, published monthly starting in 1914.[25][6] Managed by Alice Overbey Taylor.[4]
Suffragists who campaigned in Virginia
[edit]
- Susan B. Anthony.[26]
- William Jennings Bryan.[27]
- Carrie Chapman Catt.[19]
- Pauline Wright Davis.[26]
- Margaret Foley.[28]
- Matilda Joslyn Gage.[26]
- Joy Montgomery Higgins.[4]
- Josephine Miller.[27]
- Mabel Vernon.[29]
- Emma Howard Wight.[30]
- Elizabeth Upham Yates.[26]
Anti-suffragists in Virginia
[edit]- Maria Blair (Richmond).[31][32]
- Jane M. Rutherford.[33][32]
- Molly Elliot Seawell[32]
- Catherine Coles Valentine[32]
- Mary Mason Anderson Williams[32]
- Margaret Wilmer[32]
Politicians
Groups
- Virginia Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (VAOWS), formed in 1912.[31]
See also
[edit]- Timeline of women's suffrage in Virginia
- Women's suffrage in Virginia
- Women's suffrage in the United States
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Julienne, Mari (2020-08-19). ""When Victory Really Came" : Virginia Women Who Fought for the Vote". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
- ^ a b Edds, Margaret (2020). "Millie Lawson Bethell Paxton (1875–1939)". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Library of Virginia. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d Julienne, Mari (2019-08-21). "Equal Suffrage League of Virginia Records are coming to Making History: Transcribe". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Harper 1922, p. 666.
- ^ a b c d e "Women's Suffrage in Virginia". Virginia Places. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
- ^ a b "Women's Suffrage in Virginia". W&M Women's Law Society. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ a b c d "Suffragists in Virginia". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ a b Coker, Kathy (2020-04-23). "A Glimpse at Virginia's Organized Woman Suffrage Movement: Part II". Richmond Public Library. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ Julienne, Mari (2020). ""Freedom, Justice And True Democracy": The Virginia Branch Of The Congressional Union For Woman Suffrage". The UncommonWealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Julienne, Mari (2020-04-15). "'Secure the Suffrage for Women on Equal Terms with Men' : The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f McDaid, Jennifer Davis. "Woman Suffrage in Virginia". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ Van Zelm, Antoinette G. (23 September 2013). "Butt, Martha Haines (1833–1871)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Juliene, Mari (2021). "'Her Prospects Of Election': Virginia Women Run For Office". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Tarter, Brent, Marianne E. Julienne, and Barbara C. Batson (2020). The Campaign for Woman Suffrage in Virginia. Charleston, S.C.: The History Press. pp. 104–105, 165. ISBN 978-1-4671-4419-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Harper 1922, p. 667.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tarter, Brent (2021). "'Why Should Not Women Vote?' – Virginia Men Who Supported Woman Suffrage". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893). "JOHNSTON, Mrs. Maria I.". A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life. Charles Wells Moulton. pp. 423–24.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 668.
- ^ a b c d e f Harper 1922, p. 671.
- ^ Edds, Margaret (February 12, 2021). "Paxton, Millie Lawson Bethell (1875–1939)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 669.
- ^ a b Tarter, Brent (2020). ""On The List Of Those Who Will Vote For Woman Suffrage": Virginia Women Lobby The General Assembly". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ Tarter, Brent (2020). "'Virginia Ready For Women To Vote': The General Assembly Authorizes Women To Vote In 1920". The UnCommonWealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ "Virginia and the 19th Amendment". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ Johnson, Olin (2017). "Virginia Suffrage News". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ a b c d Anthony 1902, p. 964.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 670.
- ^ "Foley, Margaret, 1875-1957. Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968". Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Julienne, Mari (2020-06-10). "'Freedom, justice and true democracy': The Virginia Branch of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ Keelor, Josette (11 October 2019). "The three women of Fisher's Hill". The Northern Virginia Daily. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ a b Deal, John (2020-06-17). "Woman Suffrage - The Vanguard of Socialism". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Deal, John (2020). "'Woman Suffrage — The Vanguard Of Socialism'". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ Graham 1993, p. 233.
Sources
[edit]- Anthony, Susan B. (1902). Anthony, Susan B.; Harper, Ida Husted (eds.). The History of Woman Suffrage. Vol. 4. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press.
- Graham, Sara Hunter (April 1993). "Woman Suffrage in Virginia: The Equal Suffrage League and Pressure-Group Politics, 1909-1920". Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 101 (2): 227–250. JSTOR 4249352 – via JSTOR.
- Harper, Ida Husted (1922). The History of Woman Suffrage. New York: J.J. Little & Ives Company.
External links
[edit]- Suffragists in Virginia History
- We Demand: Women's Suffrage in Virginia
- Virginia Suffrage issues available online via Virginia Chronicle
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