List of active separatist movements in South America

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. (Excluding Uncontacted peoples)
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Mendoza^[1]

• Proposed autonomous area: República de Mendoza^[2][3]
  • Advocacy group: Éxito^[2][3]

Araucanía

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu^[4][5]
• Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras,^[4] Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche,^[5] Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Patagonia
  • Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico^[4][6][7]

Río Negro Province^[8]

• Ethnic group: Tehuelche people and Mapuche
  • Proposed: autonomy for Río Negro Province
  • Political Party: Together We Are Río Negro

There are no significant separatist movements in the country.

São Paulo

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of São Paulo
  • Advocacy group: Movimento São Paulo Independente^[9][10]

South Region

• Proposed: Independence or Autonomy for the South Region
  • Advocacy group: The South Is My Country

Northeast Region

• Proposed: Independence or Autonomy for the Northeast Region
  • Advocacy group: Nordeste Independente^[11][12][13]

North Region

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon
  • Advocacy group: Movimento Amazônia Independente^[12][14]

Pernambuco

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of Pernambuco
  • Advocacy group: Grupo de Estudo e Avaliação de Pernambuco Independente^[15][16]

República de Santa Cruz^[17][18]

• Proposed state: República de Santa Cruz
  • Advocacy group: Nación Camba

Qullasuyu

• Proposed state:  Qullasuyu
  • Ethnic group: Aymara people
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu
    • Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto

Araucanía

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Wallmapu^[4][5][19]
  • Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Patagonia
  • Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico^[4][6][7]

Chiloé Province

• Proposed autonomous area: Chiloé
  • Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano^[20][21][22]

Arica y Parinacota Region^[23]

• Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region^{[24][25][26][27]}
  • Political party: Arica Estado Independiente^[28]

Antioquia Department

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Antioquia
  • Advocacy group: Por Una Antioquia Libre Y Soberana^{[29][30][31][32]}

Choco Department

• Proposed state Choco^[33][34]
  • Advocacy group: República del Chocó ^[35][36]

Guayaquil Canton

• Proposed state: Guayaquil
  • Advocacy group: República de Guayaquil^{[37][38][39][40]}

Galápagos

• Proposed: Independence for Galápagos
  • People: Salasaca
  • Advocavy grouo: Independencia de Galápagos

French Guiana

• Proposed state: Republic of Amazonia
  • Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Indigenous peoples in Guyana^[41][42]

• Ethnic group: Indigenous peoples in Guyana
  • Proposed: autonomy for the Indigenous peoples in Guyana
  • Political party: Amerindian People’s Association

Qullasuyu

• Proposed state:  Qullasuyu^[43]
  • Ethnic group: Aymara people
  • Proposed state or autonomous area: Qullasuyu
    • Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South'^[44]

South Peru

• Proposed state: South Peru
  • Advocacy Group: Front for the Defense of the Northern Cone of Arequipa (FREDICON)^[45][46][47]

Department of Loreto

• Proposed greater autonomy for: Department of Loreto^{[48][49][50][51]}
  • Ethnic group: Wampis^[52][53][54]

Zulia

• Proposed autonomous area: Zulia
• Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)^[55][56][57]

Nueva Esparta (Isla De Margarita)

• Proposed state: Nueva Esparta
• Advocavy group: Haz que Nueva Esparta sea libre

• Lists of active separatist movements
• List of historical separatist movements