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List of banks in the United Kingdom

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This article is about banks operating in the United Kingdom. For the development of the banking industry, see Banking in the United Kingdom.

This is a list of banks operating in the United Kingdom.

Central bank

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The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom.

Retail banks

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Further information: Big Four (banking) § United Kingdom

These banks provide retail services to the general public. Retail banks are usually known as High street banks as they traditionally had multiple branch locations in the cities and towns across the UK. However 40% of branches closed between 2012 and 2022 .[1]

British banking has been highly consolidated since the early 20th century. Unlike some other major economies, the UK does not have a major stratum of independent local banks.

The retail and commercial banking market in the UK are dominated by the "Big Four": HSBC UK, Barclays UK, Lloyds Banking Group, and NatWest Group — all of which operate more than one banking brand within the UK.

Alongside the Big Four, Santander UK is the only other bank that is a ring-fenced body (RFB) under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA).[2]

Four British retail banks have never had a physical branch presence.

The number of independent banks shrank during 2008: Northern Rock was nationalised by the UK Government and then sold to Virgin Money, which was acquired by Nationwide in 2024.[3] Followed by Bradford & Bingley. Alliance & Leicester was acquired by Santander, who merged it into Santander UK. On 18 September 2008, Lloyds TSB plc entered into a confirmed agreement to take over HBOS plc (HBOS plc included Halifax Bank and The Bank of Scotland), which took effect on 19 January 2009, when HBOS was acquired and folded into Lloyds Banking Group.[4][5][6] TSB was spun out of Lloyds.

Size of Retail Banking Entities in the UK (2024 - Q1 2025)
Rank Bank Year established Headquarters Total assets
(£bn) 		Staff Branches
in UK
1 (4) Barclays UK[a] 1690 London, England Ring-fenced: 303.179[b]
Non-ring-fenced: 1,218.524[c]
Total assets: 1,518.202[d] 		41,988[e] 347
2 (3) HSBC UK[f] 1836[g] Birmingham, England Ring-fenced: 340.9[h]
Non-ring-fenced: 727.33[i]
Total assets: 1,068.207[j] 		31,490[k] 527[l]
3 (1) Lloyds Banking Group[m] 2009 Edinburgh, Scotland: registered office
London, England: operational headquarters 		Ring-fenced: 611.213[n] / 331.084[o]
Non-ring-fenced: 94.972[p]
Total assets: 906.7[q] 		86,934[r] 757
4 (2) NatWest Group[s] 1968 Edinburgh, Scotland Ring-fenced: 489.008[t]
Non-ring-fenced: 183.2[u] / 37.461[v]
Total assets: 708.0[w] 		60,476[x] 470
5 Santander UK[y] 2010 London, England Ring-fenced: 259.9[z]
Non-ring-fenced: 7.087[aa]
Total assets: 266.987[ab] 		19,500 349
6 Virgin Money UK[ac] 2015 Glasgow, Scotland 89.797[7] 7,166 91
7 TSB Bank 2013[ad] Edinburgh, Scotland 46.099[8] 5,426 175
Revolut[ae] 2015 London, England 25.84[af] 10,133 Online only
8 The Co-operative Bank 1872 Manchester, England 25.48[9] 3,350 50
9 Chase UK 2021 London, England 20.0[10] 1,000[11] Online only
10 Bank of Ireland UK 1783 London, England 18.611[12] 1,700
11 Monzo 2015 London, England 18.3[13] 3,821 Online only
12 Metro Bank 2010 London, England 17.582[14] 3,000 76
13 Starling Bank 2014 London, England 15.6[15] 3,939 Online only
14 Danske Bank UK 1824 Belfast, Northern Ireland 13.69 (2023)[ag] 1,400 24
15 Atom Bank 2013 Durham, England 7.2[16] 504[17] Online only
16 Tandem Bank 2015 London, England 3.25[18] Online only

Online banks offering current accounts

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Retail banks owned by retailers

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There are a number of other retail banking businesses owned by retailers including:

Former

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  • Tesco Bank, which was acquired by Barclays on 1 November 2024 from Tesco.[20]
  • Harrods Bank, which was acquired by Tandem Money Limited on 11 January 2018.[21]

Building societies

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The other main class of consumer financial service organisation in the United Kingdom is the building society. The building society sector has become much smaller with fewer building societies. This was caused, firstly, a number of building societies demutualising in the 1980s and 1990s and subsequently, taken over by banks. Secondly, there has been ongoing consolidation via mergers between societies.

There are 42 building societies in the UK as of June 2025, which provide retail banking services to the general public.[2] The five largest as of October 2020 are:

Name Year
Est. 		Headquarters Total
Assets
(£bn) 		Employees Branches
Nationwide Building Society[ah] 1846 Swindon, England 367.9[22] 17,680 606
Coventry Building Society 1884 Coventry, England 62[23] 2,700 89
Yorkshire Building Society
(also own Chelsea Building Society, Norwich and Peterborough Building Society, Accord Mortgages and Egg) 		1864 Bradford, England 39.6 3,300 231
Skipton Building Society 1853 Skipton, England 17.5 1,772 98
Leeds Building Society 1875 Leeds, England 20.8 1,426 65

National Savings and Investments

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There is also a government-run savings bank called National Savings and Investments.

Regulated banks

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UK banks

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The Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) regulates 152 UK banks as of February 2025 that are authorised to accept deposits.[2] These include banks that have their headquarters in the UK, and banks with foreign headquarters that operate in the UK through a subsidiary.

Non-UK banks

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The PRA regulates 119 non-UK banks, as of June 2025, that are incorporated outside the UK and authorised to accept deposits through a branch in the UK.[2]

Gibraltar banks

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There are seven banks incorporated in Gibraltar authorised to accept deposits through a branch or service in the UK.[2]

SRO banks

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There are eight banks incorporated in the EEA authorised to accept deposits through a branch in the UK while in Supervised Run Off (SRO).[2]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Includes Barclays UK, Barclays UK Corporate Bank, Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management and Barclays Investment Bank.
  2. ^ Barclays Bank UK PLC, the ring-fenced UK entity of Barclays PLC, reported total assets of £303.179bn as of 2024.
  3. ^ Barclays Bank PLC, the non-ring-fenced UK entity of Barclays PLC, reported total assets of £1,218.524bn as of 2024.
  4. ^ The sum of the total assets of Barclays Bank UK PLC and Barclays Bank PLC, amounting to £1,521.703bn, does not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions, balances, or assets as required under IFRS 10. The total assets of Barclays PLC consolidated annual report figure of £1,518.202bn as of 2024.
  5. ^ Total amounts for ring-fenced and non-ring-fenced (may include temporary staff) entities during 2024.
  6. ^ Includes HSBC UK (including HSBC Private Bank (UK)), first direct and M&S Bank and non-ring-fenced bank, HSBC Bank plc.
  7. ^ formerly Midland Bank
  8. ^ HSBC UK Bank plc, the ring-fenced UK entity of HSBC Group, reported total assets of £340.9bn as of 2024.
  9. ^ HSBC Bank plc, the non-ring-fenced UK entity of HSBC Group, reported total assets of £727.33bn as of 2024.
  10. ^ The sum of the total assets of HSBC UK Bank plc and HSBC Bank plc, amounting to £1,068.207bn, does not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions, balances, or assets as required under IFRS 10.
  11. ^ Total amounts for ring-fenced and non-ring-fenced (may include temporary staff) entities during 2024.
  12. ^ Includes 93 Full Service Branch, 83 Cash Service Branch, 152 Digital Service Branch, 179 Banking Hub and 10 Cash Hub
  13. ^ Includes Lloyds Bank and Bank of Scotland (including Halifax).
  14. ^ Lloyds Bank plc, the ring-fenced UK entity of Lloyds Banking Group plc, reported total assets of £611.213bn as of 2024.
  15. ^ Bank of Scotland plc (including the Halifax and MBNA businesses), the ring-fenced UK entity of Lloyds Banking Group plc, reported total assets of £331.084bn as of 2024.
  16. ^ Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets plc, the non-ring-fenced UK entity of Lloyds Banking Group plc, reported total assets of £94.972bn as of 2024.
  17. ^ The sum of the total assets of Lloyds Bank plc, Bank of Scotland plc, and Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets plc amounting to £1037.269bn, does not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions, balances, or assets as required under IFRS 10. The total assets of Lloyds Banking Group plc consolidated annual report figure of £906.7bn as of 2024.
  18. ^ Total amounts for ring-fenced and non-ring-fenced (may include temporary staff) entities during 2024.
  19. ^ Includes NatWest, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Ulster Bank.
  20. ^ NatWest Holdings Limited, the ring-fenced UK entity of NatWest Group plc, reported total assets of £489.008bn as of 2024.
  21. ^ NatWest Markets Plc, the non-ring-fenced UK entity of NatWest Group plc, reported total assets of £183.2bn as of 2024.
  22. ^ The Royal Bank of Scotland International (Holdings) Limited (Jersey), the non-ring-fenced UK entity of NatWest Group plc, reported total assets of £37.461bn as of 2024.
  23. ^ The sum of the total assets of NatWest Holdings Limited, The Royal Bank of Scotland International (Holdings) Limited (Jersey), and NatWest Markets Plc, amounting to £709.669bn, does not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions, balances, or assets as required under IFRS 10. The total assets of NatWest Group plc consolidated annual report figure of £708.0bn as of 2024.
  24. ^ Total amounts for ring-fenced and non-ring-fenced (may include temporary staff) entities during 2024.
  25. ^ Includes Santander UK and non-ring-fenced bank, Santander Financial Services plc.
  26. ^ Santander UK plc, the ring-fenced UK entity of Santander UK group, reported total assets of £bn259.9 as of 2024.
  27. ^ Santander Financial Services plc, the non-ring-fenced UK entity of Santander UK group, reported total assets of £bn7.087 as of 2024.
  28. ^ The sum of the total assets of Santander UK plc and Santander Financial Services plc amounting to £266.987bn, does not reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions, balances, or assets as required under IFRS 10.
  29. ^ owned by Nationwide Building Society.
  30. ^ origins date back to 1810
  31. ^ Revolut has been authorised with restrictions as a UK bank.
  32. ^ The total assets figure for Revolut Group reflects the consolidated assets of the entire group, including both UK and international operations. It is not limited to the assets of its UK-based entities alone as of 2024.
  33. ^ Northern Bank Limited, trading as Danske Bank UK, reported total assets of £bn13.69 as of 2023.
  34. ^ Includes Virgin Money UK and its consolidated subsidiaries.

References

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  1. ^ House of Commons Library https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8570/CBP-8570.pdf
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Which firms does the PRA regulate?". www.bankofengland.co.uk. Retrieved 2025-06-29.
  3. ^ White, Lawrence (2024-11-27). "Britain's Nationwide books surprisingly big $3 billion gain on Virgin Money deal". Reuters. Retrieved 2025-06-29.
  4. ^ "Lloyds TSB confirms deal to take over HBOS". 18 September 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  5. ^ "Recommended acquisition of HBOS plc by Lloyds TSB Group plc" (PDF). Lloyds TSB. 17 September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  6. ^ BBC News: HBOS confirms Lloyds merger talks; Guardian: Banking crisis: Lloyds TSB in talks to buy HBOS
  7. ^ "Annual Report and Accounts" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  8. ^ "TSB Bank plc Annual Report and Accounts 2024" (PDF). 6 February 2025.
  9. ^ "Annual Reports and Accounts 2024" (PDF). 8 June 2021.
  10. ^ "Digital-only bank makes first foray into lending after amassing more than £20bn in deposits". FT. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  11. ^ "Chase exceeds one million U.K. customers as it marks first anniversary".
  12. ^ "Bank of Ireland (UK) plc Annual Report" (PDF). 19 May 2025.
  13. ^ "Annual Report 2025" (PDF). Monzo. Retrieved 2025-06-02.
  14. ^ "Annual Report and Accounts 2024" (PDF). 22 April 2025.
  15. ^ "Starling Bank Assets 2025" (PDF).
  16. ^ "Full accounts made up to 31 March 2024". gov.uk. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
  17. ^ "Full accounts made up to 31 March 2024". gov.uk. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
  18. ^ "Annual Report and Accounts Year End 2024" (PDF). 24 April 2025.
  19. ^ "SAINSBURY'S BANK PLC persons with significant control - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
  20. ^ "Britain's Tesco intends to return $902.5 mln via additional share buyback". Reuters. November 1, 2024.
  21. ^ "Tandem Bank completes purchase Of Harrods Bank". Reuters. January 11, 2018.
  22. ^ "Annual Results 2025" (PDF). Nationwide Building Society. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  23. ^ "Annual Report & Accounts 2023" (PDF). Coventry Building Society. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
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