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List of battles involving Georgia (country)
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This is a list of the battles in the history of the country of Georgia.
The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of the battles following this legend:
- Georgian victory
- Georgian defeat
- Another result (*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive) - Ongoing conflict
Antiquity
[edit]| Date | Battle | Modern Location | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1112 BC | Battle of Tao[1] | Artvin Province, Turkey 
|
Assyrian Invasion of Diauehi[1] | Diauehi, | Assyrian Empire | Defeat |
| 845 BC | Capture of Artvin[1] | Artvin Province, Turkey
|
Assyrian Invasion of Diauehi[1] | Diauehi, | Assyrian Empire | Defeat |
| 65 BC | Battle of the Pelorus[2] | Aragvi River, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia 
|
Caucasian campaign of Pompey | Kingdom of Iberia |  Roman Republic
|
Defeat |
| 51 AD | Siege of Garni | Kotayk Province, Armenia 
|
Iberian–Armenian War | Kingdom of Iberia |  Kingdom of Armenia Roman Empire
|
Victory
|
Early medieval fragmentation
[edit]
Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)
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Royal triarchy and principalities (1490–1801)
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Russian Empire
[edit]
Georgian Democratic Republic (1918–1921)
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Soviet Union (1922–1991)
[edit]
Republic of Georgia (1991–)
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Archaepolis
- ^ Principality of Iberia gains land from Klarjeti to Ksani
- ^ Tbilisi is burnt down and its emir Sahak is executed, while Kouropalates of Tao-Klarjeti Bagrat I briefly gains Kartli.[18]
- ^ Nasra is put to death at Aspindza and Adarnase crowns himself as the King of the Iberians
- ^ Despite victory, Constantine III of Abkhazia soon reclaims Shida Kartli
- ^ Seljuks take the fortress with heavy casualties, but halt their further advance into western Georgia due to a harsh winter
- ^ Or 1075[37]
- ^ Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti conclusively annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia in 1105
- ^ Ganja is returned to Seljuks after brief Georgian possession from 1139 to 1143.
- ^ Giorgi III demanded tax arrears from the Emir of Ganja but was defeated.
- ^ Ahlatshahs and Beylik of Dilmaç become vassal of the Kingdom of Georgia
- ^ Last battle between Eldiguzids and Kingdom of Georgia
- ^ Last siege of Alinja
- ^ Jahan Shah quietly left the battlefield at night and escaped to Tabriz
- ^ Last battle with Turkomans
- ^ Qvarqvare is reinstalled as the prince of Samtskhe-Saatabago
- ^ Kingdom of Kartli recognizes the ascension of Gurian-supported Levan of Kakheti to the throne.
- ^ Principality of Samtskhe is annexed by Imereti
- ^ Death of both Shahverdi Sultan and Luarsab I of Kartli
- ^ Simon I of Kartli defeats Safavids in a battle, but is captured and imprisoned, while Daud Khan assumes nominal control of Kartli
- ^ Giorgi II of Guria overthrows Mingrelian prince George III Dadiani and installs Mamia IV Dadiani instead
- ^ Georgian-Kizilbash army fails to recapture Tbilisi[79]
- ^ Army of the Ottoman Empire fails to capture Kartli
- ^ Simon I of Kartli recognizes Rostom as the King of Imereti
- ^ King Simon I of Kartli liberates city Gori from the Ottoman Empire
- ^ Simon who was taken captive, was brought to Istanbul and imprisoned in Yedikule.
- ^ Vameq is confirmed as Prince of Mingrelia and Imereti restores hegemony over western Georgia.
- ^ 80,000 Turkoman and Persian killed by Georgians
- ^ George IV of Guria is crowned as King of Imereti, but George VII of Imereti soon regains power
- ^ Erivan Khanate becomes vassal of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti[94]
- ^ Erivan Khanate and Ganja Khanate again become vassals of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti[95]
- ^ Lower Guria remains under Ottoman control
- ^ Khevsurs encircle Russians, but Russians manage to escape
- ^ Russian general Ivan Gudovich fails to capture Akhalkalaki and retreats while having lost a third of his forces.
- ^ Abkhazia joins Russian Empire as an autonomous principality
- ^ Prince Alexander is defeated after initial victory
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Rayfield 2012, p. 20-21.
- ^ Appian, p. 103.
- ^ Edwell, Peter (2021). Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193–363 CE. Routledge. p. 36.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 47.
- ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 46.
- ^ Petersen 2013, p. 271.
- ^ David Braund (1994). Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562. Clarendon Press. pp. 299–300. ISBN 9780198144731.
- ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 47.
- ^ "Battle of Tsakhar 556". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 11. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1987. p. 265.
- ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 143.
- ^ Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780791496831.
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 28. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253209153
- ^ a b Mikaberidze 2015, p. 424.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 259.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 159.
- ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 260.
- ^ Thomson 1996, pp. 260–261.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 66.
- ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 261.
- ^ Tavadze, Leri (2012). კურაპალატის ტიტული ტაო-კლარჯერთის ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო სახლში (ქართველთა სამეფოს პოლიტიკური ვითარება IX-X საუკუნეში) [Title of Kouropalates in the house of Bagrationis of Tao-Klarjeti (political circumstances of Kingdom of Georgians in the IX-X centuries)] (in Georgian). Tbilisi. p. 81.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66-67.
- ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66.
- ^ "Gurgen I". National Parliamentary Library of Georgia (in Georgian). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
- ^ Papaskiri, Zurab (2011). "The Byzantine Commonwealth and the International Status of the Georgian Political Units in the First Half of the 10th Century". The Caucasus & Globalization. 5 (3–4): 131.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 272.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 69–70.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 162.
- ^ Frye 1975, pp. 237, 732.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 74.
- ^ Frye 1975, p. 241.
- ^ a b Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 309.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 43.
- ^ Allen 2023, p. 89.
- ^ Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 310.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 192.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 193.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 82.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 310.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 83–84.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 197.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 100.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 102.
- ^ Peacock 2006, p. 130.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 206.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 93.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 96.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 207.
- ^ Bogveradze, A. (1984). "Niali Battle 1191". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 7. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 406.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 28.
- ^ Pancaroğlu, Oya (2021). "Looking for Urban Agency in a City of Memorials: Tomb Towers of Late Thirteenth-Century Ahlat" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 14: 121. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no14_2021s117.
- ^ Mariam Lortkipanidze (2006). Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries. Ganatleba Publishers. p. 154.
- ^ Kalistrat Salia (1983). History of the Georgian Nation. Paris. p. 181.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ (Silogava & Shengelia 2007, p. 68): "In 1210, large forces were concentrated at Tiflis and then moved down to Nakhchevan under the orders of the Mkhargrdzelis. The Georgians crossed the Araks at Julfa and moving down the valley of Daraduz, they took Marand by surprise. A large, but ill-organized Persian force was routed by a picked cavalry corps of five hundred nobles under Thaqiadin Tmogveli; and, without further resistance the terrorized inhabitants of Tabriz and Miana hastened to purchase the immunity of their cities at the cost of heavy contributions."
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 213: "Georgier in den Jahren 1209-1210 nach Persien vor. Sie siegten bei Marand und zogen weiter nach Täbris und Miane, wo ihnen die Städte kampflos."
- ^ a b (Silogava & Shengelia 2007, p. 68)
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 234.
- ^ Allen 2023, p. 116.
- ^ "Battle of Kvishkheti 1260". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 10. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1986. p. 523.
- ^ Constantin d'Ohsson (1852). Histoire des Mongols: depuis Tchinguiz-Khan jusqu'à Timour Bey, ou Tamerlan (in French). Vol. IV. Les fères Van Cleef. p. 330.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 140.
- ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle - 1re partie. St. Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
- ^ Rakhmanalieva 1992.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 149.
- ^ Javakhishvili 1949, p. 193.
- ^ a b c Minorsky, Vladimir, "Tiflis", in: M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel (1993), E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, p. 757. Brill, ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- ^ Mirza Muhammad Haidar. The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia). Traduit per Edward Denison Ross, editat per N. Elias. Londres, 1895.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 256.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 225.
- ^ (Silogava & Shengelia 2007, p. 272)
- ^ a b c d Marie-Félicité Brosset; Simon Gogoberidze (1900). საქართველოს ისტორია : მეფეთა და მთავართა გენეალოგიით და ქრონოლოგიით. Vol. 2. Harvard University. p. 3.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 219.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 267.
- ^ Nodar Asatiani; Otar Janelidze (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. p. 127. ISBN 9789941906367.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 172.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 259.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 324.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 250.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 175.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 177.
- ^ Kalistrat Salia (1983). History of the Georgian Nation. Paris. p. 261.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 328.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 199.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 213.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 218.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 226.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 313.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 235.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 617.
- ^ David Marshall Lang. Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889: a documentary record Columbia University Press, 1957 (digitalised March 2009, originally from the University of Michigan), p. 142.
- ^ Valeri Silogava, Kakha Shengelia. "History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution" Caucasus University Publishing House, 2007 ISBN 978-9994086160 pp. 158, 278.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 120.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 2.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 316.
- ^ a b Fähnrich 2010, p. 318.
- ^ Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 3.
- ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 240.
- ^ a b Fähnrich 2010, p. 345.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 292.
- ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 243.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 586.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 263.
- ^ Khatuna Kokrashvili (2020). Anti-Russian Demonstrations in Georgia in the First Half of the XIX Century (PDF). Rondeli Foundation. p. 6.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 273.
- ^ Guria Uprising of 1841 // The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, Volume 13. — Academic International Press, 1976. — P. 201. — ISBN 0-87569-064-5
- ^ Gürbüz, Musa (2009). "Turkish Military Activities in the Caucasus Following the 1917 Russian Revolution: The Battle of Sardarabad and its Political Consequences". Review of Armenian Studies. 19–20: 112.
- ^ Chachkhiani, Archil (2014). Russia-Georgia Military-Political Relations and the Military Actions in Abkhazia and Black Sea Region (1918-1920) (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: The Academy of the Georgian National Defense Academy of David the Builder. pp. 144–149.
- ^ Political History of Russia. Vol. 5. Nova Science Publishers. 1995. p. 89.
- ^ Kenez, Peter (1970). "The Relations between the Volunteer Army and Georgia, 1918-1920: A Case Study in Disunity". The Slavonic and East European Review. 48 (112). Modern Humanities Research Association: 407. JSTOR 4206242.
- ^ "Taman Army March of 1918". The Free Dictionary.
- ^ "Exactly 95 years ago, Georgian army left Sochi". Voice of America (in Georgian). 7 February 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ USA House of Representatives Select Committee on Communist Aggression (1955). Communist Takeover and Occupation of Georgia (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
- ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 392.
- ^ "Battle of Tamishi - Facing unexpected landing". Radio Freedom (in Georgian). 10 July 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
Bibliography
[edit]- Appian. The Mithridatic Wars.
- Bagrationi, Vakhushti (1976). Nakashidze, N.T. (ed.). История Царства Грузинского [History of the Kingdom of Georgia] (PDF) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. pp. 133–135.
- Bournoutian, George A. (1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation". In Hovannisian, Richard (ed.). The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Macmillan. pp. 81–107. ISBN 0-333-61974-9.
- Javakhishvili, Ivane (1949). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
- Javakhishvili, Ivane. ქართველი ერის ისტორია, წიგნი IV [History of the Georgian nation, book IV] (PDF) (in Georgian). pp. 30–32.
- Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003). Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81459-6.
- Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004254466.
- Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1780230702.
- Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521057356.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Volume I [History of Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1] (in French). Saint-Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences.
- Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781780230306.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442241466.
- Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidze, Otar (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. ISBN 9789941906367.
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2010). Geschichte Georgiens (in German). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004184503.
- Allen, William (2023). A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000855302.
- Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
- Rakhmanalieva (1992). Тамерлан. Эпоха. Личность. Деяния. Москва: Гураш.
- Thomson, Robert W. (1996). Rewriting Caucasian History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826373-2.
- Silogava, Valeri; Shengelia, Kakha (2007). History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution". Caucasus University Publishing House. ISBN 9789994086160.
- Narimanishvili, Goderdzi; Shanshashvili, Nino (2018). Trialeti: Cultural and Historical Heritage, Ancient Sources and Prospects of Research. Georgian National Museum. ISBN 9789941279652.
- Frye, R. N. (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
- Baumer, Christoph (2021). History of the Caucasus. Volume one, At the crossroads of empires. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78831-007-9. OCLC 1259549144.
- Peacock, Andrew (2006). "Georgia and the Anatolian Turks in the 12th and 13th centuries". Anatolian Studies. 56: 127–146. doi:10.1017/S0066154600000806. ISSN 0066-1546. JSTOR 20065551. S2CID 155798755.
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