Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

List of commanders of the International Space Station

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 13 min

This is a chronological list of commanders of the International Space Station. A pre-decided inhabitant of the ISS assumes command upon departure of the previous commander, at the end of an expedition, in a small hand-over ceremony. Their responsibility is defined by the ISS Code of Conduct, which states that the ISS commander has some authority over the operations of the ISS, but should ultimately defer most decisions to the Flight Director.[1]

A typical ISS commander handover ceremony from Expedition 57 to 58

The commander keeps a symbolic key of the station with them during their tenure, that is, a copy of the handle opening the hatches to the Russian segment. It is passed on to a new astronaut when they replace the existing commander as the new station commander.[2]

Continued international collaboration on ISS missions has been thrown into doubt by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia.[3]

Responsibilities

[edit]
  • Conduct operations in or on the ISS as directed by the Flight Director and in accordance with the Flight Rules, plans and procedures
  • Direct the activities of the ISS crewmembers as a single, integrated team to ensure the successful completion of the mission
  • Fully and accurately inform the Flight Director, in a timely manner, of the ISS vehicle configuration, status, commanding, and other operational activities on-board (including off-nominal or emergency situations)
  • Enforce procedures for the physical and information security of operations and utilization data
  • Maintain order
  • Ensure crew safety, health and well-being including crew rescue and return
  • Take all reasonable action necessary for the protection of the ISS elements, equipment, or payloads[1]

Ceremony

[edit]

A ceremony occurs at each change of command, similar to rituals in various military services. The new and old commanders together ring a bell. The first occurred when Yury V. Usachev of Expedition 2 replaced Expedition 1 commander William M. Shepherd.[4]

List

[edit]
Expedition Patch Portrait Commander Assumed command Relinquished command Notes (while in command of the expedition)
Expedition 1 United States William M. Shepherd[5] 31 October 2000[5][6] 19 March 2001 First commander of the ISS and also first American commander of the ISS.
Expedition 2 Russia Yury Usachev[7] 19 March 2001[7] 18 August 2001[8] First Russian commander of ISS.
Expedition 3 United States Frank Culbertson[8] 18 August 2001[8] 13 December 2001[9] Only American onboard ISS during September 11 attacks.[10]
Expedition 4 Russia Yury Onufrienko[9] 13 December 2001[9] 10 June 2002[11]
Expedition 5 Russia Valery Korzun[11] 10 June 2002[11] 30 November 2002[12]
Expedition 6 United States Kenneth Bowersox[12] 30 November 2002[12] 4 May 2003[13]
Expedition 7 Russia Yuri Malenchenko[13] 4 May 2003[13] 27 October 2003[14] First person to marry in space.[15]
Expedition 8 United States United Kingdom Michael Foale[14] 27 October 2003[14] 26 April 2004[16]
Expedition 9 Russia Gennady Padalka[16] 26 April 2004[16] 22 October 2004[17]
Expedition 10 United States Leroy Chiao[17] 22 October 2004[17] 24 April 2005[18] First Asian-American commander of ISS.
Expedition 11 Russia Sergei K. Krikalev[18] 24 April 2005[18] 10 October 2005[19]
Expedition 12 United States William S. McArthur [19] 10 October 2005[19] 7 April 2006[20]
Expedition 13 Russia Pavel Vinogradov[20] 7 April 2006[20] 27 September 2006[21]
Expedition 14 United States Michael López-Alegría[21] 27 September 2006[21] 17 April 2007[22]
Expedition 15 Russia Fyodor Yurchikhin[22] 17 April 2007[22] 19 October 2007[23]
Expedition 16 United States Peggy Whitson[23] 19 October 2007[23] 17 April 2008[24] First female commander of ISS.[25]
Expedition 17 Russia Sergei Volkov[24] 17 April 2008[24] 22 October 2008[26] Youngest person to command the station at 35.
Expedition 18 United States Michael Fincke[26] 22 October 2008[26] 2 April 2009[27]
Expedition 19 Russia Gennady Padalka[27] 2 April 2009[27] 9 October 2009[28] Second time as commander.
Expedition 20
Expedition 21 Belgium Frank De Winne[28] 9 October 2009[28] 1 December 2009[29] First Belgian national as commander, first ESA astronaut as commander, and first non-American or non-Russian commander.
Expedition 22 United States Jeffrey N. Williams[29] 1 December 2009[29] 17 March 2010[30]
Expedition 23 Russia Oleg Kotov[30] 17 March 2010[30] 2 June 2010
Expedition 24 Russia Aleksandr Skvortsov 2 June 2010 22 September 2010[31]
Expedition 25 United States Douglas H. Wheelock[31] 22 September 2010[31] 24 November 2010[32]
Expedition 26 United States Scott J. Kelly[32] 24 November 2010[32] 13 March 2011[33]
Expedition 27 Russia Dmitri Kondratyev[33] 13 March 2011[33] 22 May 2011[34]
Expedition 28 Russia Andrei Borisenko[34] 22 May 2011[34] 14 September 2011[35]
Expedition 29 United States Mike Fossum[35] 14 September 2011[35] 20 November 2011[36]
Expedition 30 United States Dan Burbank[36] 20 November 2011[36] 25 April 2012[37]
Expedition 31 Russia Oleg Kononenko[37] 25 April 2012[37] 1 July 2012
Expedition 32 Russia Gennady Padalka 1 July 2012 15 September 2012[38] Third time as commander.
Expedition 33 United States Sunita Williams[38] 15 September 2012[38] 17 November 2012[39]
Expedition 34 United States Kevin A. Ford[39] 17 November 2012[39] 13 March 2013[40]
Expedition 35 Canada Chris Hadfield[40] 13 March 2013[40] 13 May 2013[41] First Canadian national as commander.[40]
Expedition 36 Russia Pavel Vinogradov[41] 13 May 2013[41] 9 September 2013[42] Second time as commander.
Expedition 37 Russia Fyodor Yurchikhin[42] 9 September 2013[42] 10 November 2013 Second time as commander.
Expedition 38 Russia Oleg Kotov 10 November 2013 9 March 2014[43] Second time as commander.
Expedition 39 Japan Koichi Wakata[43] 9 March 2014[43] 12 May 2014[44] First Japanese national as commander.[43]
Expedition 40 United States Steven R. Swanson[44] 12 May 2014[44] 9 September 2014[45]
Expedition 41 Russia Maksim Surayev[45] 9 September 2014[45] 10 November 2014[46]
Expedition 42 United States Barry E. Wilmore[46] 10 November 2014[46] 10 March 2015[47]
Expedition 43 United States Terry W. Virts, Jr.[47] 10 March 2015[47] 10 June 2015[48]
Expedition 44 Russia Gennady Padalka[48] 10 June 2015[48] 5 September 2015[49] Fourth time as commander; set the record for most time spent in space (878 days) until Oleg Kononenko surpassed him on February 4, 2024.
Expedition 45 United States Scott Kelly[49] 5 September 2015[49] 29 February 2016[50] Second time as commander.
Expedition 46
Expedition 47 United States Timothy L. Kopra[50] 29 February 2016[50] 17 June 2016[51]
Expedition 48 United States Jeffrey Williams[51] 17 June 2016[51] 5 September 2016[52] Second time as commander.
Expedition 49 Russia Anatoli Ivanishin[52] 5 September 2016[52] 28 October 2016[53]
Expedition 50 United States Robert S. Kimbrough[53] 28 October 2016[53] 9 April 2017[54]
Expedition 51 United States Peggy A. Whitson[54] 9 April 2017[54] 1 June 2017 Second time as commander.
Expedition 52 Russia Fyodor Yurchikhin[55] 1 June 2017[55] 1 September 2017[56] Third time as commander.
Expedition 53 United States Randolph J. Bresnik[56] 1 September 2017[56] 13 December 2017[57]
Expedition 54 Russia Alexander Misurkin[57] 13 December 2017[57] 26 February 2018[58]
Expedition 55 Russia Anton Shkaplerov[58] 26 February 2018[58] 1 June 2018[59]
Expedition 56 United States Andrew Feustel[59] 1 June 2018[59] 4 October 2018[60]
Expedition 57 Germany Alexander Gerst[60] 4 October 2018[60] 18 December 2018[61] First German national and second youngest person to command the station at 42.
Expedition 58 Russia Oleg Kononenko[61] 18 December 2018[61] 24 June 2019[62] Second time as commander.
Expedition 59
Expedition 60 Russia Aleksey Ovchinin[62] 24 June 2019[62] 2 October 2019[63]
Expedition 61 Italy Luca Parmitano[63] 2 October 2019[63] 6 February 2020[64] First Italian national as commander.
Expedition 62 Russia Oleg Skripochka[64] 6 February 2020[64] 15 April 2020[65]
Expedition 63 United States Chris Cassidy[65] 15 April 2020[65] 20 October 2020
Expedition 64 Russia Sergey Ryzhikov[66][67][68] 20 October 2020 15 April 2021
Expedition 65 United States Shannon Walker 15 April 2021 27 April 2021 Shortest term as commander at 11 days.
Japan Akihiko Hoshide[69] 27 April 2021 4 October 2021
France Thomas Pesquet[70] 4 October 2021 8 November 2021 First French national as commander.
Expedition 66
Russia Anton Shkaplerov[71] 8 November 2021 29 March 2022 Second time as commander.
Expedition 67 United States Thomas Marshburn[72][73] 29 March 2022 4 May 2022
Russia Oleg Artemyev 4 May 2022 28 September 2022
Expedition 68 Italy Samantha Cristoforetti[74] 28 September 2022 12 October 2022 First European female as commander.
Russia Sergey Prokopyev 12 October 2022 26 September 2023
Expedition 69
Expedition 70 Denmark Andreas Mogensen 26 September 2023 10 March 2024 First Danish national as commander.
Russia Oleg Kononenko 10 March 2024 22 September 2024 Third time as commander.
Expedition 71
Expedition 72 United States Sunita Williams[75] 22 September 2024 February 2025 Second time as commander.

Statistics

[edit]

A Russian national has commanded the station 31 times, including the current one. A US national has commanded the station 28 times.[Note 1] Japanese and Italian nationals have commanded the station 2 times. Belgian, British,[Note 1] Canadian, Danish, German, and French nationals have commanded the station once each.

Gennady Padalka has commanded the station on 4 separate occasions, more than any other inhabitant.

Fyodor Yurchikhin and Oleg Kononenko have commanded the station thrice. Scott Kelly, Oleg Kotov, Anton Shkaplerov, Pavel Vinogradov, Peggy Whitson, Jeffrey Williams, and Sunita Williams have commanded the station twice each.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b U.S. Government. "Subpart 1214.4—International Space Station Crew" (PDF).
  2. ^ @Anton_Astrey (6 November 2021). "I was glad to take command of the @Space_Station from @Thom_astro 🤝The transfer of authority happens during the t…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  3. ^ Witze, Alexandra (11 March 2022). "Russia's invasion of Ukraine is redrawing the geopolitics of space". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-00727-x. PMID 35277688. S2CID 247407886. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  4. ^ Weibel, Deana L. (2024-09-30). ""Not quite the plan, but here we are": NASA ritual and the reintegration of the Boeing Crew Flight Test astronauts". The Space Review. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
  5. ^ a b "International Space Hall of Fame :: New Mexico Museum of Space History :: Inductee Profile". nmspacemuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2019-04-10. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  6. ^ "UNSA-Notable Graduates". United States Naval Academy.
  7. ^ a b Celebrating 30 Years of the space shuttle program. U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; annotated edition (June 15, 2012). 2012. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-16-090202-4.
  8. ^ a b c "Space Station Has a New Commander - 2001-08-18 | Voice of America - English". voanews.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  9. ^ a b c "Volume 2 Space Shuttle Mission Chronology: 2000-2003" (PDF). NASA. 2005.
  10. ^ Smith, Yvette (2015-08-25). "NASA Remembers September 11th". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  11. ^ a b c "Spaceflight Now | STS-111 | Command of space station handed to new crew". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  12. ^ a b c "U.S. Astronaut Takes Over at Space Station". Los Angeles Times. 2002-11-30. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  13. ^ a b c "International Space Station Status Report #03-21". spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2003-07-14. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  14. ^ a b c "International Space Station Status Report #03-56". spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2004-11-17. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  15. ^ Baker, Sinéad. "The story of the first ever space wedding, when a woman on Earth married a cardboard cutout of her astronaut boyfriend while he watched on from the International Space Station". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  16. ^ a b c "Photo-iss008e22320". spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2004-11-09. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  17. ^ a b c "NASA Space Station On-Orbit Status 20 October 2004". spaceref.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  18. ^ a b c "NASA Space Station On-Orbit Status 24 April 2005". spaceref.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  19. ^ a b c "Russian-U.S. crew, space tourist return to Earth | The Star Online". thestar.com.my. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  20. ^ a b c April 2006, Tariq Malik 08 (8 April 2006). "Mission's End: ISS Astronauts to Return to Earth". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ a b c "Expedition 14 takes over ISS command". esa.int. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  22. ^ a b c "New crew assumes space station duties". phys.org. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  23. ^ a b c yvette. "NASA - First Woman Station Commander Arrives for Historic Spaceflight". nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  24. ^ a b c "Photo-iss016e036373". spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-04-26. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  25. ^ April 2017, Hanneke Weitering 05 (5 April 2017). "NASA's Record-Breaking Astronaut Peggy Whitson Gets 3 Extra Months in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ a b c "NASA - Expedition 17 and Expedition 18 Crews". nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  27. ^ a b c "NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 2 April 2009". spaceref.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  28. ^ a b c "ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report Increment 20 9 October 2009". spaceref.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  29. ^ a b c "Expedition 21 and 22 Assembling Science" (PDF). September 2009.
  30. ^ a b c NASA. "NASA TV Provides Coverage of One Space Station Crew's Return to Earth and Another's Journey There". prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  31. ^ a b c "NASA TV To Provide Coverage Of Next Soyuz Landing, Launch". September 2010.
  32. ^ a b c "ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report # 82, Increment 25/26". esa.int. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  33. ^ a b c "ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report # 90, Increment 26/27". esa.int. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  34. ^ a b c "ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report # 95, Increment 27/28". esa.int. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  35. ^ a b c Administrator, NASA Content (2015-04-07). "NASA TV Will Broadcast Soyuz Landing On Sept. 15". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  36. ^ a b c yvette (2015-04-07). "New Space Station Crew Members Launch from Kazakhstan". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  37. ^ a b c "ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report # 118 Increment 30/31". esa.int. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  38. ^ a b c September 2012, Tariq Malik 15 (15 September 2012). "Record-Setting Female Astronaut Takes Command of Space Station". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ a b c "ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report # 133 Increment 33/34 : 17–30 November". esa.int. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  40. ^ a b c d March 2013, Robert Z. Pearlman 14 (14 March 2013). "Canada in Charge: Astronaut Becomes 1st Canadian Space Station Commander". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ a b c Administrator, NASA Content (2015-03-29). "Expedition 35/36 Crews Place Logos". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  42. ^ a b c Garcia, Mark (2015-03-29). "Expedition 36 Crew Members". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  43. ^ a b c d March 2014, Robert Z. Pearlman 10 (10 March 2014). "Kibo Commander: Koichi Wakata Becomes 1st Japanese to Command Space Station". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ a b c "NASA TV to Air Expedition 39's Return From ISS Today!". UH Cullen College of Engineering. 2014-05-13. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  45. ^ a b c Northon, Karen (2015-04-07). "NASA Television to Broadcast Sept. 10 Return of Space Station Crew". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  46. ^ a b c "Tennessee astronaut assumes command of space station". wbir.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  47. ^ a b c Williams, Robert (2015-02-05). "ISS Expedition 42/43 Change of Command Ceremony (Wilmore hands over ISS Command to Virts)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  48. ^ a b c Williams, Robert (2015-06-05). "ISS Expedition 43/44 Change of Command Ceremony (Virts hands over ISS Command to Padalka) (Starts at 10:40 a.m.)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  49. ^ a b c Williams, Robert (2015-07-31). "ISS Expedition 44/45 Change of Command Ceremony (Padalka hands over ISS Command to Kelly) (starts at 2:40 p.m.)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  50. ^ a b c Williams, Robert (2016-01-27). "ISS Expedition 46/47 Change of Command Ceremony (Kelly hands over ISS command to Kopra) (starts at 3:10 p.m.)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  51. ^ a b c "Astronauts Swap Station Command Friday Morning – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  52. ^ a b c "Expedition 48 Trio Enters Soyuz and Closes Hatches – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  53. ^ a b c Chestnut, Charles (2016-10-27). "ISS Expedition 49-50 Change of Command Ceremony (Ivanishin hands over ISS command to Kimbrough)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  54. ^ a b c Williams, Robert (2017-03-14). "ISS Expedition 50/51 Change of Command Ceremony (Kimbrough hands over ISS Command to Whitson) (Starts at 10:40a.m.)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  55. ^ a b "Expedition 51 – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  56. ^ a b c "Change of command ceremony expedition 52-53". 2017-09-02.
  57. ^ a b c Chestnut, Charles (2017-11-16). "ISS Expedition 53/54 Change of Command Ceremony (Bresnik hands over ISS command to Misurkin) (Starts at 7:35 a.m.)". NASA. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  58. ^ a b c March 2018, Christine Lunsford 04 (4 March 2018). "Space Station Photos: Expedition 55 Crew in Orbit". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  59. ^ a b c Harwood, William. "One station crew heads home, another preps for launch – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  60. ^ a b c "International Space Station Expedition 56 Crew Returns to Earth, Lands Safely in Kazakhstan |". spacecoastdaily.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  61. ^ a b c Hu, Jane C. "Watch the ISS's Expedition 57 crew head back to Earth". Quartz. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  62. ^ a b c "Expedition 59 – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  63. ^ a b c "Station Swaps Commanders Before Crew Departure and Spacewalks – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  64. ^ a b c February 2020, Hanneke Weitering 05 (5 February 2020). "Three astronauts will return to Earth Thursday. You can watch their landing live". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  65. ^ a b c April 2020, Space com Staff 16. "Watch live tonight! 3 space station crewmembers return to Earth". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  66. ^ @anik1982space (9 May 2020). "Вот и новые составы российских экипажей «Союза МС-17» стали известны из пресс-релиза аэропорта Жуковский.
    Основной: Сергей Рыжиков, Сергей Кудь-Сверчков.
    Дублирующий: Олег Новицкий, Пётр Дубров.
    К сожалению, Николая Тихонова и Андрея Бабкина нет..."     (Tweet) (in Russian) – via Twitter.
  67. ^ "Flight crew assignments". forum.nasaspaceflight.com.
  68. ^ "Роскосмос подтвердил подписание контракта на доставку астронавта NASA на корабле "Союз"". ТАСС.
  69. ^ "JAXA星出彰彦宇宙飛行士の国際宇宙ステーション（ISS）長期滞在 搭乗機決定について" (in Japanese). July 28, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  70. ^ York, Joanna (2021-03-19). "French astronaut next International Space Station commander". connexionfrance.com. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
  71. ^ "Soyuz MS-19 to send a "movie crew" to ISS". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  72. ^ "NASA assigns astronauts for third SpaceX commercial crew mission". SpaceNews. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  73. ^ "NASA to Provide Live Coverage of Record-Setting US Astronaut Return". 24 March 2022.
  74. ^ "Commanding role for ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti". ESA. 28 May 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  75. ^ Foust, Jeff (2024-09-13). "Starliner astronauts adjust to long-term ISS stay". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-09-15.

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Including dual-national Michael Foale
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_International_Space_Station
1 | Status: cached on November 22 2024 21:20:22
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF