List of current cardinals
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Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are chosen by the pope and formally created in a consistory, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals.[1][2]
Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996), only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinals may take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinal electors,[3] a number that has often been exceeded.[4] Cardinals may be created in pectore (lit. 'in the breast'), in which case the pope does not reveal their identities; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published by the pope. The creations of any such cardinals whose names have not been revealed before the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][5]
As of 21 April 2025,[update] there are 252 cardinals, 135 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 7 December 2024, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors.[6] George Alencherry was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 19 April 2025; Carlos Osoro Sierra will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 16 May 2025. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Angelo Amato on 31 December 2024, at the age of 86.[7][a]
Cardinals
[edit]The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]
- Cardinal bishops (CB): six cardinals who are chosen by the pope to be titular bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome, plus a few additional cardinals who have been exceptionally "co-opted" as cardinal bishops,[9][10] as well as patriarchs who lead one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.[b][12][13] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) from among themselves with papal approval, are the dean and the vice dean,[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is Pietro Parolin.[c]
- Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to become cardinal priests.[14] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[c]
- Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop before becoming a cardinal. They have the choice (Latin: optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][15] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors. The junior cardinal deacon among the electors is George Koovakad.[c]
For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in charge of dioceses are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.
* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
Demographics of the College of Cardinals
[edit]As of 21 April 2025,[update] 135 of 252 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The current threshold number of votes needed to be elected pope with the required two-thirds supermajority is 90, assuming that all 135 cardinal electors were to participate in a conclave (and notwithstanding the maximum of 120 electors specified in Universi Dominici gregis).[3][253]
Cardinals by appointing pope
[edit]This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.
| Pope | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name | CB | CP | CD | Total | CB | CP | CD | Total |
| 264 | John Paul II (1978–2005) |
5 | 36 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 265 | Benedict XVI (2005–2013) |
4 | 58 | 0 | 62 | 2 | 20 | 0 | 22 |
| 266 | Francis (2013–2025) |
4 | 111 | 34 | 149 | 3 | 85 | 20 | 108 |
| Total | 13 | 205 | 34 | 252 | 5 | 110 | 20 | 135 | |
Cardinals by particular church sui iuris
[edit]While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are eight Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to seven particular churches sui iuris:
- Bechara Boutros al-Rahi (Maronite Church)
- Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), cardinal elector
- George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Church)
- Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Church)
- Baselios Cleemis (Syro-Malankara Church), cardinal elector
- Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), cardinal elector
- Mykola Bychok (Ukrainian Greek Church), cardinal elector
- George Koovakad (Syro-Malabar Church), cardinal elector
| Particular church sui iuris | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latin Church (Western) | 244 | 130 | |
| Eastern Churches | Chaldean Church | 1 | 1 |
| Ethiopian Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Maronite Church | 1 | 0 | |
| Romanian Greek Church | 1 | 0 | |
| Syro-Malabar Church | 2 | 1 | |
| Syro-Malankara Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Ukrainian Greek Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Subtotal | 8 | 5 | |
| Total | 252 | 135 | |
Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life
[edit]At present, there are 66 cardinals, including 34 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 28 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. In this table, the common name for the members of an institute or society, if different from its formal name, is given in brackets.
Cardinals by continent
[edit]For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.[254] The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2023 edition[update] of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2025.[255]
| Continent | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | Percentage of global Catholic population (2023) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | ||
| Africa | 29 | 11.5% | 18 | 13.3% | 20.0% |
| North America | 36 | 14.3% | 20 | 14.8% | 20.4% |
| South America | 32 | 12.7% | 17 | 12.6% | 27.4% |
| Asia | 37 | 14.7% | 23 | 17.0% | 11.0% |
| Europe | 114 | 45.2% | 53 | 40.0% | 20.4% |
| Oceania | 4 | 1.6% | 4 | 3.0% | 0.8% |
| Total | 252 | 100.0% | 135 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Cardinals by country
[edit]At present, 94 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 71 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (51), the United States (17), and Spain (13). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (17), the United States (10), and Brazil (7).
See also
[edit]- Cardinals created by John Paul II
- Cardinals created by Benedict XVI
- Cardinals created by Francis
- Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave
- Cardinal electors in the 2025 papal conclave
- Council of Cardinals
- List of creations of cardinals
- Suburbicarian diocese
- Titular church (List of titular churches)
Notes
[edit]- ^ Theodore McCarrick, who was removed as a cardinal in 2018 and laicized in 2019, died on 3 April 2025, at the age of 94.[8]
- ^ Each cardinal bishop is titularly assigned to one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses, with the exception of the dean of the College of Cardinals, who is the titular bishop of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original suburbicarian diocese when first appointed a cardinal bishop. "Co-opted" cardinal bishops and Eastern Catholic patriarchs are not assigned to a suburbicarian diocese.[1][11][12]
- ^ a b c Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o In accordance with Universi Dominici gregis, this office is temporarily suspended due to the vacancy of the Holy See.
- ^ Schönborn was born to a Sudeten German family in the Sudetenland (in the present-day Czech Republic), then part of Nazi Germany. His family was later expelled from Czechoslovakia to Austria, and he served as a bishop there from 1991 to 2025.
- ^ Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
- ^ a b c d Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
- ^ Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
- ^ The Holy See Press Office's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, but previously stated that he was "born in 1944"[87] and used 31 December 1944 as his date of birth on its list of cardinal electors.[88]
- ^ Ezzati was born in Italy, emigrated to Chile as a young man, and served as a bishop there from 1996 to 2019.
- ^ Until January 2025, Ouédraogo’s birth date was reported as 25 January 1945. The official date has been changed to December 31; the latter date is not a real birth date, but a placeholder value Burkina Faso uses for unknown birth dates. Ouédraogo’s actual date of birth was not recorded.[136]
- ^ Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Panama from 1985 to 2024.
- ^ López Romero was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in Morocco since 2018.
- ^ Aós Braco was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Chile from 2014 to 2023.
- ^ Marengo was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Mongolia since 2020.
- ^ a b The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City in East Jerusalem, is multinational and encompasses Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. In its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, the Holy See Press Office lists Pizzaballa's country as "Jerusalem".[256] Pizzaballa was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Jerusalem since 2016.
- ^ Bustillo was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in France since 2021.
- ^ Nemet was born in Serbia into an ethnically Hungarian family and describes himself as Hungarian. He has worked in Serbia since 2008.
- ^ Vesco was born in France and has served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
- ^ Mathieu was born in Belgium and has served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
- ^ Bychok was born in Ukraine and has served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.
- ^ Farrell was born in Ireland, was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
- ^ a b c Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
- ^ Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector.[227][228]
- ^ Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in the present-day Czech Republic) and emigrated to Canada as a child.
- ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002[16]
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
- ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
- ^ a b Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
- ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 7 January 2025
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
- ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
- ^ a b c d Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
- ^ a b c d e f g Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022
- ^ a b c Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 July 2024
References
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- ^ "Collins Card. Thomas Christopher". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Duka Card. Dominik, OP". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Betori Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Dolan Card. Timothy Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Woelki Card. Rainer Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Tong Hon Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Mureşan Card. Lucian". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Harvey Card. James Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ "Baselios Card. Cleemis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ "Onaiyekan Card. John Olorunfemi". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
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- ^ "Baldisseri Card. Lorenzo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Müller Card. Gerhard Ludwig". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Nichols Card. Vincent Gerard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Brenes Solórzano Card. Leopoldo José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Lacroix Card. Gérald Cyprien, I.S.P.X." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Kutwa Card. Jean-Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Tempesta Card. Orani João, OCist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Bassetti Card. Gualtiero". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Poli Card. Mario Aurelio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Yeom Soo-jung Card. Andrew". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
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- ^ de Pontac, Gonzague (18 March 2025). "Age mix-up restores Burkina Faso's eligibility to vote in next conclave". La Croix International. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
- ^ "Ouédraogo Card. Philippe Nakellentuba". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Quevedo Card. Orlando Beltran, OMI". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Langlois Card. Chibly". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Clemente Card. Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
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- ^ "Nguyên Văn Nhon Card. Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Suárez Inda Card. Alberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Bo Card. Charles Maung, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Kovithavanij Card. Francis Xavier Kriengsak". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Montenegro Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Sturla Berhouet Card. Daniel Fernando, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Blázquez Pérez Card. Ricardo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Lacunza Maestrojuán Card. José Luis, OAR". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Furtado Card. Arlindo Gomes". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Mafi Card. Soane Patita Paini". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Villalba Card. Luis Héctor". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Langa Card. Júlio Duarte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Nzapalainga Card. Dieudonné, C.S.Sp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ "Osoro Sierra Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "da Rocha Card. Sérgio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Cupich Card. Blase J." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "D'Rozario Card. Patrick, C.S.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Porras Cardozo Card. Baltazar Enrique". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "De Kesel Card. Jozef". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Piat Card. Maurice, C.S.Sp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Aguiar Retes Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Ribat Card. John, M.S.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Tobin Card. Joseph William, C.SS.R." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Zerbo Card. Jean". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Omella Card. Juan José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Arborelius Card. Anders, OCD". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Mangkhanekhoun Card. Louis-Marie Ling, I.V.D." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Rosa Chávez Card. Gregorio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "De Donatis Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Coutts Card. Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Marto Card. António Augusto dos Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Barreto Jimeno Card. Pedro Ricardo, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Tsarahazana Card. Désiré". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Petrocchi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Maeda Card. Thomas Aquino Manyo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Porco Ticona Card. Toribio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Card. Ignatius". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "García Rodríguez Card. Juan de la Caridad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Ambongo Besungu Card. Fridolin, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Hollerich Card. Jean-Claude, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Ramazzini Imeri Card. Álvaro Leonel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Zuppi Card. Matteo Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "López Romero Card. Cristóbal, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Tamkevičius Card. Sigitas, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "Kambanda Card. Antoine". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Gregory Card. Wilton Daniel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Advincula Card. Jose Fuerte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Aós Braco Card. Celestino, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Lojudice Card. Augusto Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Arizmendi Esquivel Card. Felipe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Aveline Card. Jean-Marc". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Okpaleke Card. Peter Ebere". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Steiner Card. Leonardo Ulrich, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Ferrão Card. Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "McElroy Card. Robert Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "do Carmo da Silva Card. Virgilio, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Cantoni Card. Oscar". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Poola Card. Anthony". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Costa Card. Paulo Ceza". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Goh Card. William Seng Chye". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Martínez Flores Card. Adalberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Marengo Card. Giorgio, I.M.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Jiménez Carvajal Card. Jorge Enrique, C.I.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Miglio Card. Arrigo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Pizzaballa Card. Pierbattista, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Brislin Card. Stephen". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Rossi Card. Ángel Sixto, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Rueda Aparicio Card. Luis José". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Ryś Card. Grzegorz". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Mulla Card. Stephen Ameyu Martin". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Cobo Cano Card. José". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Rugambwa Card. Protase". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Francis Card. Sebastian". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Chow Sau-yan Card. Stephen, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Bustsillo Card. François-Xavier, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Aguiar Alves Card. Américo Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Padrón Sánchez Card. Diego Rafael". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Announcement of Consistory on 8 December for the creation of new Cardinals, 06.10.2024" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 6 October 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ "Mamberti Card. Dominique". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Zenari Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Farrell Card. Kevin Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Simoni Card. Ernest". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Ladaria Ferrer Card. Luis Francisco, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Rinunce e nomine (continuazione)" [Resignations and Appointments (continued)] (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 24 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ Condon, Ed (3 December 2020). "Analysis: Is there a road back for Cardinal Becciu?". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Becciu Card. Giovanni Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Krajewski Card. Konrad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Bocos Merino Card. Aquilino, C.M.F." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Mendonça Card. José Tolentino de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ "Czerny Card. Michael, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Fitzgerald Card. Michael Louis, M. Afr". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "Grech Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Semeraro Card. Marcello". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Gambetti Card. Mauro, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Tomasi Card. Silvano Maria, C.S." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Cantalamessa Card. Raniero, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Feroci Card. Enrico". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Roche Card. Arthur". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "You Heung-sik Card. Lazzaro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Vérgez Alzaga Card. Fernando, L.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Ghirlanda Card. Gianfranco, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
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- ^ "Gugerotti Card. Claudio". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Fernández Card. Víctor Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Tscherrig Card. Emil Paul". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Pierre Card. Christophe Louis Yves Georges". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Fernández Artime Card. Ángel, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Marchetto Card. Agostino". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ "Dri Card. Luis Pascual, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ Pope Benedict XVI (11 June 2007). "De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis" (Motu proprio) (in Latin). Holy See. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
- ^ "Methodology". United Nations Statistics Division. Geographic Regions. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
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External links
[edit]
Media related to Cardinals at Wikimedia Commons- Holy See Press Office, The College of Cardinals
- GCatholic.org, College of Cardinals
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