Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

List of first female pharmacists by country

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 12 min

This is a list of the first qualified female pharmacists to practice in each country, where that is known.

Please note: the list should foremost contain the first female pharmacist with a formal qualification from each country. Historically, it was normal for widows of apothecaries and pharmacist to inherit their late husband's profession without being formally qualified. These cases – and other of note – can be noted in the margin, but should not be listed first.

Africa

[edit]
Country Pharmacist Year
 Benin C. Oviasu (née Ukponmwan)[1]
 Cameroon Jeanne Ngo Maï[2] 1962
 Cape Verde Judite (Judith) Lima[3] c. 1961
 Ghana Sackey Nee Vanderpuye[4]
 Ivory Coast Hortense Aka-Anghui[5]
 Liberia Clavenda Parker[6]
 Libya Wedad Muhammad Al-Senussi Al-Saqzli[7] 1961
 Mali Rokia Sanogo[8] 1989
 Morocco Fatima Al-Zahra Al-Warzazi[9] 1912
 Namibia Lahya Hafeni, Anastancia Aluvilu, Fundisile Msibi, Tumo Pelekekae[10] 2015
 Nigeria Oreoluwa Green*[11] 1916
 South Africa Lily Heymann[12] 1916
 Togo Abra Amédome[13]
 Tunisia Lucia Campisi[14] (born in Italy)
 Uganda Catherine Kisumba[15] 1960
 Zimbabwe Nora Price[16][17] (born in Wales; country then known as Rhodesia)
  • Namibia: There might be more female graduates, as the names listed were the only women named in the cited article.
  • Nigeria: Green is considered to have been the first female pharmacist in West Africa. Ekanem Bassey Ikpeme was considered the first native female pharmacist in Nigeria.[18]
  • Tunisia: Dorra Bouzid is considered the first female pharmacist in Tunisia after independence. She started her practice sometime during the 1960s.[19]

Americas

[edit]
Country Pharmacist Year
 Argentina Élida Passo[20] 1885
 Bahamas Gertrude Burnside[21]
 Bolivia Rosa Mercedes Guerra[22] 1921
 Brazil Maria Luiza Torrezão[23] 1887
 Canada A. Adrienne Preevoot[24] 1901
 Chile Griselda Hinojosa[25] 1889
 Costa Rica Felícitas Chaverri Matamoros[26] 1917
 Cuba María Dolores Marty and Eloisa Figueroa Marty[27] 1886
 Curaçao Dymphna van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu[28] 1911
 Dominican Republic Encarnación Piñeyro[29][30]
 El Salvador Mercedes Amanda Martínez and Margarita Lanza[31] 1930
 Guatemala Olimpia Altuve[32] 1919
 Guyana Raymonde Horth[33] 1905
 Honduras Corina Barahona[34] 1931
 Mexico Esther Luque Muñoz[35] c. 1906
 Nicaragua Elba Ochomogo Portocarrero de Hernandez[36] 1922
 Peru Nicolasa Butler[37] 1839
 Suriname Esseline Juliette Polanen[38] 1936
 Trinidad and Tobago Amy Cox Rochford[39] c. 1927
 United States Susan Hayhurst[40][41] 1883
 Venezuela María Fernández Bawden[42] 1927
  • Canada: Preevoot was considered the first Canadian woman to pass the pharmacy exam by law.
  • Chile: Glafira Vargas was the first female to graduate with a pharmacy degree in 1887, though Hinojosa appears to be the first female to work as a pharmacist upon graduation.[43][44]
  • Curaçao: van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu was said to have been the first woman to have passed the exam for an assistant pharmacist in the colony.
  • Guatemala: Altuve is considered the first Central American woman to have obtained a university degree.
  • United States: Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first not formally qualified pharmacist to practice in 1727.[45] Hayhust was the first woman to receive a pharmacy degree in the United States in 1883. Ella P. Stewart was one of the first African-American female pharmacists in the United States.[46][47]

Asia

[edit]
Country Pharmacist Year
 Azerbaijan Mahbuba Valiyeva[48] 1971
 Bahrain Layla Ahmed Abdulrahman[49]
 India Sneh Rani Jain[50]
 Indonesia Charlotte Jacobs[51] 1879
 Iraq Josephine Bourjouni and Rahima Youssef[52] 1940
 Iran Aqdas Gharbi and Akhtar Ferdows[53] 1941
 Israel Sarah Mel[54]
 Japan Naoe Okamoto[55] 1885
 Jordan Nabila Shoura Irsheidat[56] c. 1950s
 Korea Cha Soon-seok[57] 1924
 Lebanon Zahie Barakat[58] 1928
   Nepal Bijay Laxmi Shrestha[59]
 Oman Batool Jaffer[60] 1977
 Pakistan Nasima Jamil[61][62][63] c. 1967
 Philippines Filomena Francisco and Matilde S. Arquiza[64] 1908
 Qatar Zakia Malallah[65]
 Saudi Arabia Samira bint Ibrahim Islam[66] 1982
 Singapore Lucy Wan[67][68] 1958
 Syria Najah Saati[69] 1949
 Taiwan Lin Caisan[70] 1951
 Thailand Prasit Prakobnil[71]
 United Arab Emirates Suhaila Al-Awadi[69]
 Vietnam Pham Thi Hao[72][73]

Europe

[edit]
Country Pharmacist Year
 Albania Emili Dishnica Gliozheni[74] (then known as Socialist Albania) 1961
 Austria Gisela Kun[75] c. 1906
 Belarus H-B. Geronimus (Taubina)[76]
 Belgium Jeanne Rademackers[77][78] 1885
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajka Ljubica Jokanovic[79] 1914
 Bulgaria Anna Belizarova Yakova[80] 1911
 Croatia Vjera Rojc Katušić[81] 1913
 Czech Republic Ruzena Krontilová-Librova[82] (then known as Czechoslovakia) 1904
 Denmark Charlotte Schou and Nielsine Schousen[83] 1896
 Estonia Alma Tomingas[84] 1933
 Finland Hilda Amanda Brunberg[85] 1874
 France Hélina Leiannier-Gaboriau[86] 1898
 Germany Magdalena Neff[87] 1906
 Greece Polymnia Panagiotidou[88] 1899
 Hungary Erzsébet Légrády[89] and Thinagel Szerafin[82] 1903
 Iceland Jóhanna Magnúsdóttir[90] 1928
 Ireland Christina Jesop Wilson[91] 1900
 Italy Dorina Crespi Andini[92] 1895
 Latvia Staņislava Dovgjallo[93]
 Lithuania Juzefa Girdzijevska[94] 1870
 Malta Caterina Vitale[95] 1590
 Netherlands Aaltje Visser[96] 1868
 North Macedonia Rajna Aleksova[97] 1906
 Norway Helga Eide[82] 1893
 Poland Antonina Leśniewska[98][99] 1884
 Portugal Maria Serpa dos Santos[100] 1947
 Romania Paulina Cruceanu[101] and Clara Colesin[82] 1892
 Russia Antonina Boleslavovna Lesnevskaya and Zinaida I. Akker[102] 1897
 Serbia Desanka Ruvidić Okoličanin[103] 1913
 Slovakia Ruzena Krontilová-Librova[82] (then known as Czechoslovakia) 1904
 Slovenia Emilija Fon[104] 1915
 Spain Dolores Rodriguez[82] 1893
 Sweden Märtha Leth[105] 1897
  Switzerland Clara Winnicki[106] 1905
 Turkey Fatma Belkis Derman[107] 1930
 Ukraine Anna Mikhailovna Makarova[108] 1892
 United Kingdom Frances Elizabeth Deacon[109] 1870
  • Belgium: Certain sources cite Louise Popelin (sister of Belgium's first female lawyer Marie Popelin) or Ida Huys as Belgium's first female pharmacist. They both completed their exams in 1887.[110][82]
  • Czech Republic and Slovakia: Other sources cited Elza Fantová as the first Bohemia woman to earn a pharmaceutical degree in 1908.[111] Krontilová-Librova started her pharmacy practice in 1904 and became the first female pharmacy student at the University of Prague in 1907 (graduating in 1909).
  • Finland: The first female pharmacist to qualify without dispensation in Finland was Helene Aejneleus in 1911. Brunberg was the first women to be qualified by dispensation.
  • Germany: Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony was a non-professional female pharmacist in Germany.[112] Helena Magenbuch and Maria Andreae were professional pharmacists in the 16th-century.
  • Ireland: Wilson was the first female pharmacist to qualify in the south of Ireland.
  • Italy: Elisa Gagnatelli and Edvige Moroni were the first women to pass the pharmacy exam in 1897.[82]
  • Netherlands: In the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, Charlotte Jacobs became the first female pharmacist with a degree in 1879.[51]
  • Norway: Christine Dahl passed her assistant pharmacy exam in 1889, but Eide was considered the first female pharmacist.[82]
  • Poland: Although Lesniewska was considered the first female pharmacist, Filipina and Konstancja Studzinska (sisters) were the first women to pass the pharmacy examination in 1824.[82]
  • Russia: Olga Evgenevna Gabrilovich was the first female pharmacist to earn a degree in 1906.[113]
  • Sweden: Leth was the first female pharmacist to have fulfilled a formal qualification. Maria Dauerer was the first female pharmacist to have obtained a license.[114] The first woman to have obtained a degree in pharmacology was Agnes Arvidsson (1903).[115]
  • Ukraine: Makarova, a Kiev University (Ukraine) graduate, was the first woman to pass the examination for the title of pharmaceutical assistant.[108]

Oceania

[edit]
Country Pharmacist Year
 Australia Caroline Copp[116][117] 1880
 Fiji Lila Thakerar[118] 1979
 New Zealand Elizabeth Robinson[119] 1881

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Omozusi, N. O. (1997). The Benin Kingdom: A Century After British Invasion. Mufti International Services. ISBN 978-978-2692-14-6.
  2. ^ Les grandes pionnières du Cameroun (Ed 2007) (in French). Editions Cognito. ISBN 978-9956-412-08-2.
  3. ^ "25 ANOS: FARMACÊUTICOS UNIDOS PELA LÍNGUA COMUM" (PDF). Associação de Farmacêuticos dos Países de Língua Portuguesa.
  4. ^ Nkrumah, I. K. (1974-12-17). Daily Graphic: Issue 7522 December 17 1974. Graphic Communications Group.
  5. ^ "Allocution – Cérémonie d'ouverture du Salon « PHARMAFRICA EXPO 2017 » – Présidence de la république de Côte d'ivoire" (in French). Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  6. ^ "Trailblazing African Female Global Health Leaders Receive USP CePAT's Top Honors". Pharmacy Times. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  7. ^ "إكتشف 5 معلومات عن أول صيدلانية في تاريخ ليبيا". www.afrigatenews.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  8. ^ "Professeur Rokia SANOGO: Une Nyéléni de la profession pharmaceutique au Mali". www.cnop.sante.gov.ml. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  9. ^ "لحسن العسبي: كيف ومتى دخل الطب الحديث إلى المغرب؟ ميلاد أكبر مستشفى مدني بالمغرب بمراكش "مستشفى موشان" سنة 1913 (ح. 23) || ANFASPRESS - أنفاس بريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية - جريدة إلكترونية مغربية تجدد على مدار الساعة - المغرب - ANFAS PRESS ( Ariri Abderrahim )". anfaspress.com. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
  10. ^ "First batch of pharmacists graduate | Namibia Economist". Namibia Economist. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
  11. ^ Ayandayo, Babs (2021-03-02). "Meet Ore Green: The first female pharmacist in West Africa". Read Nigeria Network. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  12. ^ Rosenthal, Eric (1982). Total Book of South African Records. Delta Books. ISBN 978-0-908387-19-9.
  13. ^ "'Top Ladies 2018' veut mettre en lumière des icônes pour servir de référence à la jeune génération". Togo en live (in French). 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  14. ^ "Mes odyssées en Méditerranée: Lucia Campisi, première femme pharmacienne de Tunisie". La Presse de Tunisie (in French). 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  15. ^ "PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF UGANDA". PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF UGANDA. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  16. ^ Profiles of Rhodesia's Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women of Rhodesia. 1976. ISBN 978-0-7974-0167-9.
  17. ^ The Countrywoman. Associated Country Women of the World. 1961.
  18. ^ Balogun, Joseph Abiodun (2021). Health Professions in Nigeria. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-16-3311-9.
  19. ^ القادر, معالج، عبد (2004). الصحافة النسائية في تونس (in Arabic). الوكالة المتوسطية للصحافة،. ISBN 978-9973-865-20-5.
  20. ^ Barrancos, Dora (2012-07-01). Mujeres en la sociedad Argentina: Una historia de cinco siglos (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina. ISBN 978-950-07-3983-2.
  21. ^ "Allyson Maynard Gibson on the passing of Jackson Burnside". The Bahamas Weekly. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  22. ^ Mujer (Bolivia), Coordinadora de la (2006). La participacion de las mujeres en la historia de Bolivia (in Spanish). Coordinadora de la Mujer.
  23. ^ "MARIA LUIZA TORREZÃO, A PRIMEIRA FARMACÊUTICA DO BRASIL 1887". CRF-CE (in Portuguese). 2018-07-30. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  24. ^ Druggists' Circular. Oil, Paint and Drug Publishing Company, Incorporated. 1907.
  25. ^ "Bicentenarias". www.bicentenarias.cl. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  26. ^ "UCR homenajeará a la primera mujer farmacéutica en el país". ElPais.cr. November 17, 2017.
  27. ^ Marchante Castellanos, Pilar; Merchán González, Francisco (March 2012). "Las primeras cubanas graduadas de Farmacia". Revista Cubana de Farmacia. 46 (1): 117–126. ISSN 0034-7515.
  28. ^ "Berichten uit de Kolonie: Examen" (PDF). Amigoe di Curacao: weekblad voor de Curacaosche eilanden. May 6, 1911.
  29. ^ Enciclopedia dominicana (in Spanish). Enciclopédica Dominicana, S.A. 1999. ISBN 978-976-8156-38-9.
  30. ^ Ferreras, Ramón Alberto (1976). Historia del feminismo en la Republica Dominicana: su origen y proyección social (in Spanish). Editora Cosmos.
  31. ^ Meyer, Carlos Infante (2002). Historia de la química y farmacia en El Salvador: época precolombina, siglo XIX (in Spanish). Centro Oftalmológico Infante Meyer.
  32. ^ Women of Today. Women of Today Press. 1925.
  33. ^ ""Portraits de femmes Guyanaises" de Aline Belfort : hommage à la femme Guyanaise". Guyane la 1ère (in French). 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  34. ^ "LAS PRIMERAS". Diario La Tribuna (in Spanish). 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  35. ^ León Olivares, Felipe (2010). "Esther Luque: primera farmacéutica mexicana". Educación química (in Spanish). 21 (2): 150–154. doi:10.1016/S0187-893X(18)30165-4. ISSN 0187-893X.
  36. ^ Fonseca, Elías Corea (2000). Historia de la medicina en Nicaragua (in Spanish). Autor.
  37. ^ Actas y trabajos: Segundo Congreso Farmaceútico Panamericano, 12. al 8 de diciembre de 1951 (in Spanish). 1951.
  38. ^ Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. "Portret van Esseline Polanen - &". magazines.cultureelerfgoed.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  39. ^ Personalities Caribbean. Personalities Limited. 1983.
  40. ^ "Susan Hayhurst". American Journal of Pharmacy. 83. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science: 32–39. 1911. Retrieved November 29, 2016 – via Google Books.
  41. ^ Henderson, Metta Lou; Worthen, Dennis B. (March 8, 2002). American Women Pharmacists: Contributions to the Profession. CRC Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7890-1092-6. Retrieved November 29, 2016 – via Google Books.
  42. ^ Anales de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (in Spanish). Tipografía Universal. 1927.
  43. ^ Women, American Association of University (1941). Journal of the American Association of University Women. The Association.
  44. ^ Women in Medicine: Official Quarterly of American Medical Women's Association (Inc.) ... 1942.
  45. ^ Henderson, Metta Lou; Worthen, Dennis B. (March 8, 2002). American Women Pharmacists: Contributions to the Profession. CRC Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7890-1092-6. Retrieved October 31, 2016.|
  46. ^ Royster, Jacqueline Jones (2003). "Ella Nora Phillips Myers Stewart." Profiles of Ohio Women, 1803 –2003. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN 9780821415085. p. 97.
  47. ^ "Ella Stewart." Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 39. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Accessed via Biography in Context database, 2016-07-02. Available online via Encyclopedia.com.
  48. ^ "Ölkəmizin ilk və yeganə qadın əczaçılıq elmləri doktoru". Xalqqazeti.com. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  49. ^ "First for Bahrain: Women in medicine". Citizens for Bahrain. 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  50. ^ "राष्ट्रीय फार्मा सम्मेलन का हुआ आयोजन,उत्कृष्ट कार्य करने वालों का सम्मान". City Channel. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  51. ^ a b Wierper-Jenowein, Annette (October 2014). "[Charlotte Jacobs 1847–1916. First female pharmacist in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies]". Bulletin – Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie (127): 4–18. ISSN 1370-7515. PMID 25528791.
  52. ^ "أول كلية فتحت أبوابها لقبول الطالبات". درر العراق (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  53. ^ "اولین پزشکان ایرانی زن و قضیه اقدس غربی!/عکس". ایران آرت (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  54. ^ בלומנטל, איתי (2021-01-05). "הלכה לעולמה "הרוקחת העברייה הראשונה" שרה מל". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  55. ^ Takahashi, Fumi; Kobayashi, Keiko (2005). "[Fragments of information of Naoe Okamoto – the life of one of Japan's first female pharmacists.]". Yakushigaku Zasshi. 40 (1): 52–61. ISSN 0285-2314. PMID 16217908.
  56. ^ "من هي اول صيدلانية مارست مهنة الصيدلة في الأردن؟". مجلة علوم الصيدلة الإلكترونية (in Arabic). 2021-09-11. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  57. ^ "여약사의 현재와 미래가 여성사적 문화 가치 창출할 것 - 여성소비자신문". www.wsobi.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  58. ^ "⁨FIRST WOMAN PHARMACIST IN THE LEBANON". The Palestine Bulletin⁩. 26 November 1928. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  59. ^ Majupuria, Indra (2007). Nepalese Women: A Vivid Account of the Status and Role of Nepalese Women in the Total Spectrum of Life, Religious, Social, Economic, Political, and Legal : Gender Approach to Development, Impact on Gender Relations Under Social, Economic, and Political Dimensions. Rohit Kumar. ISBN 978-974-89675-6-1.
  60. ^ "Program Book – INRUD". Third International Conference for Improving Use of Medicines (ICIUM 2011). Retrieved 2021-11-13.
  61. ^ Anjum, Zāhid Ḥusain (1992). Pākistān men̲ avval avval: insāʼīklopīḍiyā (in Urdu). Maktabah-yi Taʻmīr-i Insāniyyat.
  62. ^ Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan. Pakistan Herald Publications. 1967.
  63. ^ Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1982.
  64. ^ Ingles, Raul Rafael (2008). 1908: The Way it Really was : Historical Journal for the UP Centennial, 1908–2008. UP Press. ISBN 978-971-542-580-3.
  65. ^ الراية, جريدة (2 December 2020). "انطلاق أولى جلسات ماذا أهديت لقطر". KLYOUM.COM (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  66. ^ "نجاح الساعاتي رحلت بصمت … أول صيدلانية عربية وأول دكتورة في الاقتصاد السياسي ومن أوائل البرلمانيات". Nobles News (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  67. ^ "Our Tribute to Professor Lucy Wan (1933–2017) | Pharmaceutical Society of Singapore". www.pss.org.sg. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  68. ^ "Lucy Wan". Singapore Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  69. ^ a b Arenfeldt, Pernille; Golley, Nawar Al-Hassan (2012). Mapping Arab Women's Movements: A Century of Transformations from Within. Oxford University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-977-416-498-9.
  70. ^ 黄静宜. 醫療從愛出發《第十一屆醫療奉獻獎個人獎得主素描》林蔡娩老藥師關懷弱勢 用心又專情. 《民生报》. 2001-05-08 （中文（台湾））
  71. ^ Plēngwitthayā, Prachōt (1994). Rāingān phon kānwičhai rư̄ang phēsatchakam hǣng Krung Rattanakōsin nai rō̜p 200 pī (in Thai). Sathāban Thaisưksā, Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai.
  72. ^ "Open Concept Kitchen". Santa Fe Reporter. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  73. ^ Merriam, Douglas (2021). "Chef Hue-Chan Karels' Recipe for Life and Living". Santa Fean.
  74. ^ Edi Shukriu:Gra të shquara shqiptare I, "Teuta", Prishtinë, 2003, fq. 90 – 91.
  75. ^ The Woman's Medical Journal. Recorder Publishing Company. 1906.
  76. ^ "ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕПАМЯТНИКИ И МЕСТАВ ПИНСКЕ, СВЯЗАННЫЕС АПТЕЧНЫМ ДЕЛОМ" (PDF).
  77. ^ Julien, Pierre (1983). "La pharmacie au pays de Liège : Jean-François Angenot, La pharmacie et l'art de guérir au pays de Liège des origines à nos jours". Revue d'Histoire de la Pharmacie. 71 (259): 343–344.
  78. ^ "ULg Bicentenaire – Galerie des Recteurs". 200.ulg.ac.be (in French). Retrieved 2021-11-08.
  79. ^ "Vladimir Becić (1886.-1954.) : Iva Susec Andreis, Zvonko Maković". www.kucazasunce.com. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  80. ^ Стоянова, С (2018). "РАЗСТОЯНИЕТО МЕЖДУ МЕЧТИ И РЕАЛНОСТ СЕ НАРИЧА ДЕйСТВИЕ ИЛИ КАКВО Е ДА БЪДЕШ СРЕД ПЪРВИТЕ ЖЕНИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ?". Социална медицина.
  81. ^ "Vjera Rojc Katušić (1889–1970)". Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jordi, R. "DIVULGACIÓ DE LA HISTÒRIA D'APOTECARIS, APOTECARIES, FARMACÈUTICS IFARMÀCIES A CATALUNYA.PART IMPORTANT DE LA HISTÒRIA DEL COL·LEGI DE FARMACÈUTICSDE BARCELONA ES TROBA GUARDADA A L'ATENEU BARCELONÈS: Llibre de la Magdalena" (PDF). ELS SOCIS ESCRIUEN PER ALS SOCIS.
  83. ^ "kvinders retlige stilling | lex.dk". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  84. ^ "Andmed – Nimed". www.ra.ee. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  85. ^ Peldán, Kerttu (1967). Suomen farmasian historia (in Finnish). Suomen Farmaseuttinen Yhdistys.
  86. ^ La France médicale (in French). 1906.
  87. ^ Beisswanger, Gabriele.: Frauen in der Pharmazie : die Geschichte eines Frauenberufes. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7692-2905-3.
  88. ^ "Από τη Spezieria στο φαρμακείο". farmakeutikoskosmos.gr. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  89. ^ "Légrády Erzsébet, az első magyar nő, aki gyógyszerészdoktori címet szerzett (1874–1959)". Nőkért.hu (in Hungarian). 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  90. ^ "Tímarit um lyfjafræði – 2. tbl. 2015 by Sökkólfur ehf. - Issuu". issuu.com. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  91. ^ "A trip back in time for commemoration". 2012-04-11. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  92. ^ The Northwestern Druggist: A Progressive Journal for Retail Druggists. 1906.
  93. ^ Из истории медицины (in Latvian). Pauli Stradini Museum Historiae Medicinae. 2002.
  94. ^ "Vilma Gudienė. Socialiniai. bruožai. XIX a. XX a. pirmoji pusė – PDF Free Download". LSMU Leidybos namai. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  95. ^ "'Sex In the City' tour: The knights and their ladies of the night". The Malta Independent. 25 March 2007. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  96. ^ "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". resources.huygens.knaw.nl (in Dutch). 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  97. ^ "Рајна Алексова, прва жена фармацевт во Македонија, нејзиниот живот содржи сè, историја, романтика, идеализам, жртва и трагедија". Слободен печат (in Macedonian). 2020-05-01. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  98. ^ "Kobiety w aptece". nazdrowie.pl (in Polish). 2009-12-29. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  99. ^ Two nuns of Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Filipina and Konstancja Studzińskie, was given dispensation to take a degree in pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University in 1824, and Jadwiga Klemensiewicz, Janina Kosmowska and Stanisława Dowgiałłówna became the first female pharmacists to graduate in Poland rather than abroad.
  100. ^ "A mulher na Farmácia em Portugal". Há + Vida (in European Portuguese). 2020-09-21. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  101. ^ "Tragicul destin al primei femei farmacist din România: Paulina Cruceanu". Editia de Dimineata (in Romanian). 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  102. ^ Женщины России - Вчера, Сегодня, Завтра: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Izdatelʹskiĭ t︠s︡entr "Rossii︠a︡ molodai︠a︡". 1994. ISBN 978-5-86646-069-4.
  103. ^ "Zanimljivosti iz sveta farmacije". Moj Nedeljnik. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  104. ^ "Fon, Emilija (1897–1984) – Slovenska biografija". www.slovenska-biografija.si. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  105. ^ Idun 29 januari 1897: Martha Leth. Sveriges första kvinnliga farmaceut
  106. ^ Franziska Rogger: Der Doktorhut im Besenschrank: Das abenteuerliche Leben der ersten Studentinnen – am Beispiel der Universität Bern. Bern 1999/2002, ISBN 978-3-905561-32-6, S. 63–71.
  107. ^ Tekiner, Halil; Mat, Afife (2019). "Fatma Belkis Derman (1906–1958): The first female community pharmacist in Turkey". PHARMACEUTICAL HISTORIAN.
  108. ^ a b Corigliano, Norma Noonan; Noonan, Norma C.; Nechemias, Carol (2001). Encyclopedia of Russian Women's Movements. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30438-5.
  109. ^ "Looking back at 175 years of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society". 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  110. ^ The Pharmaceutical Era. D. O. Haynes & Company. 1899.
  111. ^ "Významné osobnosti z řad židovských farmaceutů z českých zemí od ppt stáhnout". slideplayer.cz. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
  112. ^ Naumann, Rolf (1953). "Anna, Kurfürstin von Sachsen". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
  113. ^ Женщины России - Вчера, Сегодня, Завтра: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Izdatelʹskiĭ t︠s︡entr "Rossii︠a︡ molodai︠a︡". 1994. ISBN 978-5-86646-069-4.
  114. ^ Levertin Alfred, Schimmelpfennig Carl Fredrik Vilhelm, Ahlberg Karl, red (1910–1918). Sveriges apotekarhistoria från konung Gustaf I:s till närvarande tid. Bd 1, Stockholms stad, Stockholms län, Uppsala län, Södermanlands län, Östergötlands län, Jönköpings län, Kronobergs län. Stockholm: Ernst Westerbergs boktr.
  115. ^ "Agnes Hildegard Arvidson". skbl.se. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  116. ^ "Women in pharmacy: Key dates in history | AJP". ajp.com.au. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  117. ^ Chemist and Druggist: The Newsweekly for Pharmacy. Benn Brothers. 1894.
  118. ^ "How a pharmacist received an MBE for helping people access benefits". C+D Jobs. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  119. ^ "First registered female pharmacist". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_first_female_pharmacists_by_country
1 |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF