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List of former national anthems
From Wikipedia - Reading time: 23 min
Below is a list of various national anthems which, at some point in time, were the de jure or de facto anthems of various contemporary or historical states.
List
[edit]Sovereign states
[edit] | This list of songs or music-related items is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (October 2021) |
Sovereign states (abolished)
[edit]| State | National anthem title in local language(s) |
English translation of title | Period | Lyrics writer(s) | Anthem composer(s) | Audio | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Republic of Artsakh
|
"Azat u Ankakh Artsakh"[trans 54] | "A Free and Independent Artsakh" | 1994–2023 | Vardan Hakobyan | Armen Nasibyan | [30][31] | ||
 Austria
|
"Volkshymne" | "People's Hymn" | 1854–1867 | Johann Gabriel Seidl | Joseph Haydn | [note 40] | ||
 Austria-Hungary
|
"Volkshymne" | "People's Hymn" | 1867–1918 | Johann Gabriel Seidl | Joseph Haydn | [note 41] | ||
 Azad Hind
|
"Shubh Sukh Chain" | "Auspicious Happiness" | 1943–1945 | Abid Hasan Mumtaz Hussain |
Ram Singh Thakuri | — | [note 42] | |
 Baden
|
"Badnerlied" | "Song of Baden" | 1865–1871 | Unknown | Unknown | — | [note 43] | |
 Bavaria
|
"Bayernhymne" | "Hymn of Bavaria" | 1806–1871 | Michael Öchsner | Max Kunz | [note 43] | ||
 Biafra
|
"Land of the Rising Sun" | 1967–1970 | Unknown | Jean Sibelius | — | |||
 Bophuthatswana (Bantustan) |
"Lefatshe leno la bo-rrarona" | "This Land of Our Forefathers" | 1976–1994 | J. M. Ntsime | E. B. Mathibe J. J. Loots |
— | ||
 Central America
|
"La Granadera" | "The Grenadier" | 1823–1839 | Rómulo Durón | Unknown | — | ||
 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
|
"Joƶalla ya marşo"[trans 55] | "Death or Freedom" | 1991–2000 | Abuzar Aydamirov | Ali Dimayev or Umar Beksultanov | — | ||
 Ciskei(Bantustan) |
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" | "Lord Bless Africa" | 1976–1994 | Enoch Sontonga | Enoch Sontonga and Joseph Parry | — | ||
 Confederate States
|
"God Save the South" | 1861–1865 (de facto) |
George Henry Miles | Charles Ellerbrock | [32] | |||
| "Dixie" | 1861-1865
(de facto) |
Daniel Decatur Emmett | Daniel Decatur Emmett | [note 44] | ||||
 Corsican Republic
|
"Dio vi Salvi Regina" | "God Save Thee Queen" | 1755–1769 (de facto) |
Francis de Geronimo | Francis de Geronimo | — | — | |
| Kingdom of Corsica
|
"Dio vi Salvi Regina" | "God Save Thee Queen" | 1794–1796 | Francis de Geronimo | Francis de Geronimo | — | — | |
 Creta
|
"Kritikos Ymnos"[trans 56] | "Cretan Anthem" | 1898–1908 | Ioannis Polemis | Dionysios Davrangas | — | ||
 Crimea
|
"Ant etkenmen" | "I Have Promised" | 1917–1918 | Noman Çelebicihan | probably Çelebicihan itself (traditionally believed to be folk music) | — | ||
 Cyrenaica
|
"Alnashid Alwataniu Li'Iimarat Biriqa"[trans 57] | "The National Anthem of the Emirate of Cyrenaica" | 1949–1951 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
 Czechoslovakia
|
"Kde domov můj" "Nad Tatrou sa blýska" |
"Where is my home?" and "Lightning over the Tatras" | 1918–1939 1945–1993 |
Josef Kajetán Tyl Janko Matúška |
František Škroup Unknown |
[note 45] | ||
 Danzig
|
"Für Danzig" | "For Danzig" | 1920–1939 | Paul Enderling | Georg Göhler | — | ||
 Don Republic
|
"Gimn Donskikh Kazakov" | "Anthem of the Don Cossacks" | 1919–1921 | Fyodor Ivanovich Anisimov | Fyodor Ivanovich Anisimov | — | ||
 East Germany
|
"Auferstanden aus Ruinen" | "Arisen from Ruins" | 1949–1990 | Johannes R. Becher | Hanns Eisler | — | ||
 East Turkestan
|
"Qurtulush Yolida"[trans 58] | "On the Road to Salvation" | 1933–1934 | Mehmet Ali Tevfik | Unknown | — | ||
 Gran Colombia
|
"Marcha Libertadora" | "Liberating March" | 1819–1830 | Unknown | Unknown | — | ||
 Hanover
|
"Heil dir, Hannover" | "Hail to you, Hanover" | beginning of the 18th century–1866 | Unknown | George Frideric Handel | — | — | |
 Hyderabad
|
"O Osman" | 1947–1948 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | ||
 Hawaii
|
"God Save the King" | 1810–1860 | Unknown | Unknown | — | |||
| "E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua" | "God Save the King" | 1860–1866 | Lunalilo | Unknown | — | |||
| "He Mele Lahui Hawaii" | "The Song of the Hawaiian Nation" | 1866–1876 | Liliuokalani | Unknown | — | — | ||
| "Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī" | "Hawaii's Own True Sons" | 1876–1893 | Kalakaua | Henri Berger | — | |||
| Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | "Tiāncháo zànměi gē" | "Ode to the Heavenly Kingdom" | ?–1864 | Unknown | Unknown | [35] | ||
 Imerina
|
"Andriamanitra ô! Andriamanitra ô! Tahionao ny Mpanjakanay" | "O God, bless our Queen" | ?–1897 | Unknown | Unknown | — | ||
 North Ingria
|
"Nouse, Inkeri" | "Wake up, Ingria" | 1919–1920 | Mooses Putro and Paavo Räikkönen | Unknown | — | — | |
 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
|
"Dawlat al-Islam Qamat" | "The Islamic State Has Been Established" | 2014–2019 | Ajnad Foundation | Abu Yasser | — | — | |
 Katanga
|
"La Katangaise" | "The Katangan" | 1960–1963 | Unknown | Joseph Kiwele | — | ||
 Kokand
|
"Turkiston muxtoriyatining madhiyasi"[trans 59] | "Anthem of Autonomous Turkestan" | 1917–1918 | Choʻlpon | No official music | — | — | |
 Los Altos
|
"La Granadera" | "The Grenadier" | 1838–1840 1848–1849 |
Rómulo Durón | Unknown | — | ||
 Luhansk People's Republic
|
"Himn Luganskey Narodney Respubliki"[trans 60] | "State anthem of the Luhansk People's Republic" | 2016–2022 | Vladimir Mikhailov | Georgy Galin | — | ||
 Mahabad
|
"Ey Reqîb"[trans 61] | "Oh Enemy" | 1945–1947 | Dildar | Unknown | [note 46] | ||
 Maakhir
|
"Soomaaliyeey toosoo" | "Somalia, Wake Up" | 2007–2009 | Ali Mire Awale | Ali Mire Awale Yusuf Haji Aden |
[note 47] | ||
 Manchukuo
|
"Mǎnzhōu guó guógē"[trans 62] | "National anthem of Manchukuo" | 1933–1942 | Zheng Xiaoxu | Takatsu Toshi, Sonoyama Minpei and Muraoka Gakudō | — | ||
| "Mǎnzhōu guó guógē"[trans 63] | "National anthem of Manchukuo" | 1942–1945 | The national anthem committee | Kosaku Yamada and Kiyoshi Nobutoki | — | |||
 Oldenburg
|
"Heil dir, o Oldenburg" | "Hail to thee, o Oldenburg" | 1844–1871 | Theodor von Kobbe | Cecilia, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg | — | [note 43] | |
 Orange Free State
|
"Heft, Burgers, 't lied der vrijheid" | "Sing, Citizens, the song of Freedom" | 1854–1902 | H. A. L. Hamelberg | W. F. G. Nicolai | [36] | ||
 Ottoman Empire
|
"Mahmudiye Marşı" | "March of Mahmud" | 1829–1839 1918–1922 |
None (instrumental) | Giuseppe Donizetti | [note 48] | ||
| "Mecidiye Marşı" | "March of Abdülmecid" | 1839–1861 | None (instrumental) | Giuseppe Donizetti | — | |||
| "Aziziye Marşı" | "March of Abdülaziz" | 1861–1876 | None (instrumental) | Callisto Guatelli | — | |||
| "Hamidiye Marşı" | "March of Abdulhamid" | 1876–1909 | Hacı Emin Bey | Necip Paşa | — | |||
| "Reşadiye Marşı" | "March of Mehmed Reşad" | 1909–1918 | Unknown | Italo Selvelli | — | |||
 Papal States
|
"Marcia trionfale" | "Triumphal March" | 1857–1870 | (instrumental only) | Viktorin Hallmayer | [note 38] | ||
 Polish–Lithuanian
|
"Gaude Mater Polonia" | "Rejoice, oh Mother Poland" | 1820–1830 | Vincent of Kielcza | Unknown | — | ||
 Prussia
|
"Borussia" | "Prussia" | 1820–1830 | Joseph Friedrich Leopold Dunker | Gaspare Spontini | — | ||
| "Preußenlied" | "Song of Prussia" | 1830–1840 | Bernhard Thiersch | August Neithardt | — | |||
 Rif
|
"Arrif Tammurt neɣ"[trans 64][trans 65] | "Rif, my country" | 1921-1926 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
 Sarawak
|
"Gone Forth Beyond the Sea" | ?–1946 | Margaret Brooke | Unknown | — | |||
 Sarawak
|
"Fair Land Sarawak" | 1946–1973 | FC Ogden | Dato' Haji | — | |||
 Sardinia
|
"S'hymnu sardu nationale" | "The Sardinian National Anthem" | 1842–1861 | Vittorio Angius | Giovanni Gonella | — | ||
 Saxe-Meiningen
|
"Meininger Hymne" | "Anthem of Meiningen" | pre 1836–1918 | Ludwig Bechstein | Richard Mühlfeld | — | — | |
 Saxony
|
"Sachsen Hymne" | "Hymn of Saxony" | 1806–1871 | Maximilian Hallbauer | Ernst Julius Otto | [note 43] | ||
 Serbia and Montenegro
|
"Hej, Slaveni" | "Hey, Slavs" | 1992–2006 | Samuel Tomášik | Michał Kleofas Ogiński | [note 49] | ||
.svg){kind=small} Sikkim
|
"Drenjong Silé Yang Chhagpa Chilo" | "Why is Sikkim Blooming So Fresh and Beautiful?" | ?–1975 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
 South Maluku
|
"Maluku, Tanah Airku" | "Maluku, My Homeland" | 1950–1963 | Chris Soumokil and O. Sahalessy | Unknown | — | — | |
 Soviet Union
|
"Internatsional"[trans 48] | "The Internationale" | 1922–1944 | Eugène Pottier | Pierre De Geyter | — | ||
 Soviet Union
|
"Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR"[trans 66] | "State anthem of the Soviet Union" | 1944–1991 | Sergey Mikhalkov | Alexander Alexandrov | — | ||
 Syria
|
"Suriyah Ya, Dat al-Majdi"[trans 67] | "O Syria, Who Owns the Glory" | 1919–1920 | Unknown | Unknown | — | ||
 Talysh-Mughan
|
"Ozod Vətən" | "Free Motherland" | 1993 | Unknown | Unknown | — | ||
 Tamil Eelam
|
"Eruthu Paar Kodi"[trans 68] | "Look the Flag is Rising" | 1980s–2008 | Unknown | Unknown | — | ||
 Tibet
|
"Gyallu"[trans 69] | "Tibetan National Anthem" | c. 1950–1951 | Trijang Rinpoche | Unknown (Traditional) | — | ||
 Transkei(Bantustan) |
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" | "Lord Bless Africa" | 1976–1994 | Enoch Sontonga | Enoch Sontonga and Joseph Parry | — | ||
 Tuscany
|
"La Leopolda" | "The Leopolda" | 1820s–1860 | None (instrumental) | Egisto Mosell | — | ||
 Transvaal
|
"Volkslied van Transvaal" | "People's Song of the Transvaal" | 1875–1902 | Catharina van Rees | Catharina van Rees | [38] | ||
 Tungus Republic
|
"Sargylardaah sakhalarbyt" | "Sakha covered with happiness" | 1924–1925 | Adam Skriabin | no official music selected | — | — | |
 Two Sicilies
|
"Inno al Re" | "Hymn to the King" | 1816–1861 | Unknown | Giovanni Paisiello | — | ||
 Tuva
|
"Tyva Internatsional"[trans 70] | "Tuvan Internationale" | 1921–1944 | Unknown | Unknown (Traditional) | — | ||
 Tuva
|
"Tooruktug Dolgai Tañdym[trans 71] | "The Taiga Filled With Pine Nuts" | 1944 | Ayana Samiyayevna Mongush | Unknown (Traditional) | — | ||
 United Arab Republic
|
"Walla Zaman Ya Selahy"[trans 72] | "Oh My Weapon" | 1960–1971 | Salah Jahin | Kamal Al Taweel | — | ||
 Venda(Bantustan) |
"Pfano na vhuthihi" | "Peace and Togetherness" | 1979–1994 | Unknown | Unknown | — | ||
 South Vietnam
|
"Tiếng gọi thanh niên" | "Call to the Citizens" | 1955–1975 | Luu Huu Phuoc, Mai Văn Bộ | Luu Huu Phuoc | [note 50] | ||
 South Vietnam
|
"Giải phóng miền Nam" | "Liberate the South" | 1975–1976 | Luu Huu Phuoc, Mai Văn Bộ, Huỳnh Văn Tiểng | Luu Huu Phuoc | — | ||
 Württemberg
|
"Württemberger Hymne" | "Hymn of Württemberg" | 1806–1871 | Unknown | Peter Josef von Lindpaintner | — | [note 43] | |
 Kingdom of Yemen
|
"Tahiātin Milkiayet"[trans 73] | "Royal Salute" | 1927–1962 | Muhammad Ahmed Haydara | Unknown | — | ||
 North Yemen
|
"al Watani"[trans 74] | "Peace To The Land" | 1962–1978 | Collective | Unknown | — | ||
| Iiradat 'Uma[trans 75] | "A Nation's Will" | 1978–1990 | Ahmed Al Amari | Ali Al Ansi | — | |||
 South Yemen
|
"al-Jumhūrīyah al-Muttaḥidâh"[trans 76] | "United Republic" | 1979–1989 | Abdullah "Al-Fadhool" Abdulwahab Noman | Ayoob Tarish | — | ||
 Yugoslavia
|
"Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije" | "Hymn of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia" | 1918–1941 | Jovan Đorđević Antun Mihanović Simon Jenko |
Davorin Jenko Josif Runjanin |
[note 51] | ||
 Yugoslavia
|
"Hej, Slaveni" | "Hey, Slavs" | 1977–1992 | Samuel Tomášik | Michał Kleofas Ogiński | [39] | ||
Territories
[edit]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Also known by the title of "Garam shah lā garam shah" (English: "Be ardent, be more ardent").
- ^ Also known by the title of "Qal’a-ye Islam, qalb-e Asiya" (English: "Fortress of Islam, heart of Asia"); its incipit.
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period (until 1918) existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[3]
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[3]
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[3]
- ^ Brazil became a republic in 1888, but retained "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" as its national anthem.
- ^ From 1908 a royal anthem, "Anthem of His Majesty the Tsar",[trans 7] was adopted and played immediately after the anthem whenever the monarch was present.
- ^ Popularly known "ကမ္ဘာမကြေ" (Kaba Ma Kyei), its music was later used as a template for the National Anthem of Burma which is also known as Kaba Ma Kyei.
- ^ "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada" was adopted in 1975 by both Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau on their respective independence from Portugal. Cape Verde introduced a unique anthem in 1996, but it remains the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau.
- ^ Currently used as the national anthem of Taiwan.
- ^ Although it is the first to appear on this list, "Chant du départ" was not the original national anthem of France; "La Marseillaise", the modern national anthem, was originally used from 1795 to 1799. It was readopted in 1870.
- ^ During Germany's Weimar period, all three verses of "Das Lied der Deutschen" were sung, whereas today only the third verse is sung.
- ^ During Germany's Nazi period, only the first verse of "Das Lied der Deutschen" was sung, and followed by "Horst-Wessel-Lied", the SA song written by Horst Wessel.
- ^ Unofficial, de facto. Shares the same tune as the current Micronesian national anthem.
- ^ Although officially all three verses were designated as the West German national anthem, in practice only the third verse was actually performed in public.
- ^ Tune same as that used in the royal anthem and flag anthem of Iran at the time.
- ^ Title also given as "The Royal Salute" (Arabic: السلام الملكي)
- ^ Title in Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ^ Not to be confused with the current Iraqi national anthem, which shares the same name.[10]
- ^ De facto, never officially adopted.
- ^ The RSI never indicated a National Anthem. However both were featured at official ceremonies.
- ^ Lyrics same as those used in the current South Korean national anthem.
- ^ The modern national anthem of Kuwait, adopted in 1978, retains "Amiri Salute" in its entirety as an opening fanfare.[14]
- ^ After the founding of the present Lao People's Democratic Republic, "Pheng Xat Lao" had its words, but not its music, changed.
- ^ "Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya" was relinquished in 1969, was but re-adopted as the national anthem of Libya after the victory of the National Transitional Council over the Gaddafi regime in 2011, the only difference being the omission of a verse glorifying King Idris.
- ^ Bogurodzica was created somewhere between the 10th and 13th centuries. Adalbert of Prague is believed to be the creator of the Polish hymn by most scholars; he lived between 956 and 997. Bogurodzica was used as the national anthem of the Kingdom of Poland from its creation until 1795 with the end of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
- ^ Rhodesia's 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) went unrecognised by the United Kingdom and the United Nations, both of which continued to consider Rhodesia to be the British colony of Southern Rhodesia. Despite declaring independence, the "de facto" Rhodesian government still maintained loyalty to Elizabeth II and so retained Britain's national anthem, "God Save the Queen", until it declared Rhodesia a republic in 1970. A replacement state anthem was not adopted until 1974, when "Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia" came into use. As its independence was illegal, "God Save the Queen" remained Rhodesia's "de jure" national anthem throughout the UDI period of 1965 to 1979.
- ^ The "Worker's Marseillaise" was briefly used alongside "The Internationale" by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1918.
- ^ Subsequently adopted by the Soviet Union in 1922 and used until 1944; the "Worker's Marseillaise" was briefly used alongside "The Internationale" by Russia from 1917 to 1918.
- ^ Although replaced as national anthem in 1932, "Sansoen Phra Barami" was retained as Siam's (and, following the country's change of name in 1939, Thailand's) royal anthem.
- ^ Served as Somalia's national anthem until 2012, when it was replaced with "Qolobaa Calankeed".
- ^ Was the sole de jure national anthem from 1910 to 1938.[23] From 1938 to 1957, it officially shared co-national anthem status with "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", upon which the latter became the sole national anthem.[23] It remained the royal anthem until 1961.
- ^ From 1938 to 1957, it served as a co-national anthem with equal status with "God Save the King and "God Save the Queen".[23] It had served as a sort of de facto co-national anthem since the 1920s. From 1957 to 1994, it was the sole national anthem. "The Call of South Africa" and "God Bless Africa" became co-national anthems of South Africa in 1994. The modern South African national anthem, adopted in 1997, uses elements from each as separate segments in a single composition.[24][25]
- ^ "The Call of South Africa" and "God Bless Africa" became co-national anthems of South Africa in 1994. The modern South African national anthem, adopted in 1997, uses elements from each in separate segments.[25]
- ^ Remains the national anthem of Spain, however the lyrics have since been removed and it is now referred to under its title of "Marcha Real".
- ^ Previously, with lyrics, used as the regional anthem of the Soviet Union's Turkmen SSR until 1991.
- ^ "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" is generally considered to have been the "de facto" national anthem of the United States prior to 1931, but not universally. Alternatives included "Hail, Columbia", and the modern anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".[28][29]
- ^ a b The Papal States became part of Italy in 1870, but the anthem was retained as the Vatican City's first anthem until 1950.
- ^ "Ishe Komborera Africa" is a translation of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" from Xhosa into Shona and Ndebele.
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[3]
- ^ The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[3]
- ^ The same tune is used for the current Indian national anthem.
- ^ a b c d e The anthems of the previously independent German kingdoms and duchies continued to be used as regional anthems until the fall of the German Empire in 1918.
- ^ The Confederate States never adopted an official national anthem. The Civil War Trust firmly states that the "honor rightly belongs to" "God Save the South", the first piece of music published in the Confederacy, "because of its stirring poetry and its outstanding musical setting". Commonly cited alternatives include the popular song "Dixie" and "The Bonnie Blue Flag", a marching song.[33][34]
- ^ Only the first verses of each anthem were sung during the union of the Czech lands with Slovakia.
- ^ The song "Ey Reqîb" is still used as the regional anthem of Iraqi Kurdistan, and as the anthem of the Kurdish people in general.
- ^ Served as Somalia's national anthem until 2012, when it was replaced with "Qolobaa Calankeed".
- ^ The last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI, decided not to have a special march for himself, but used the first Ottoman anthem, "Mahmudiye".
- ^ Serbia and Montenegro was called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 4 February 2003.[37]
- ^ The song was originally called "Thanh Niên Hành Khúc" (English: "March of the Youths"); the title and words were altered significantly when it became national anthem, though the music remained the same. Luu Huu Phuoc was still officially credited for both the music and the lyrics.
- ^ It was a medley of "Bože pravde", "Lijepa naša domovino" and "Naprej, zastava slave", used by Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia respectively.
- ^ The same melody was used for the Kazakhstan national anthem in the early years of independence, before it was replaced with the current anthem, "Meniñ Qazaqstanım".
- ^ From 1802 until 1911 the anthem of Macau was "Hymno Patriótico" followed by "Hino da Carta", the same as that of Portugal.
- ^ When Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation in 1949, "Ode to Newfoundland" lost its status as a national anthem. The Canadian province of Newfoundland became the first to adopt a provincial anthem in 1980 when the song was readopted.
- ^ "Naprej, zastava slave" is still used by the Slovenian Armed Forces as its official song.
- ^ Iraq didn't adopt lyrics
Translations and transliterations
[edit]- ^ Pashto: څو چې دا ځمكه اّسمان وي
- ^ Pashto: گرم شه، لا گرم شه
- ^ Persian: سرود ملی
- ^ Belarusian: "Ваяцкі марш"
- ^ Serbo-Croatian: "Једна си једина"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Шуми Марица"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Химн на Негово Величество Царя"; transliterated as "Himn na Negovo Velichestvo Tsarya"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Републико наша, здравей!"
- ^ Bulgarian: "Бъларио мила"
- ^ Burmese: စံရာတောင်ကျွန်းလုံးသူ့
- ^ Burmese: တို့ဗမာသီချင်း
- ^ Khmer: ដំណើរសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
- ^ Khmer: ដប់ប្រាំពីរមេសាមហាជោគជ័យ
- ^ Chinese: 李中堂乐
- ^ Chinese: 颂龙旗
- ^ Chinese: 鞏金甌
- ^ Chinese: 中國雄立宇宙間
- ^ Chinese: 卿云歌
- ^ Chinese: 國民革命歌
- ^ Chinese: 中華民國國歌
- ^ Chinese: 国际歌
- ^ Egyptian Arabic: اسلمى يا مصر
- ^ a b Egyptian Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ^ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ ሆይ ደስ ይበልሽ
- ^ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ
- ^ Georgian: "დიდება"
- ^ Persian: سلام شاه
- ^ Persian: سلامتی دولت علیهٔ ایران
- ^ Persian: سرود ملی
- ^ Persian: ای ایران
- ^ Persian: پاینده بادا ایران
- ^ Iraqi Arabic: أرض الفراتين
- ^ Kazakh: "Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік Әнұраны"
- ^ Korean: 대한제국 애국가
- ^ Arabic: السلام الأميري
- ^ Lao: ເພງຊາດລາວ
- ^ Libyan Arabic: لیبیا، لیبیا، لیبیا
- ^ Libyan Arabic: الله أكبر
- ^ Arabic: نشيد وطني موريتاني
- ^ Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰᠠ (original orthography)
- ^ Mongolian: ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠠᠼᠢᠤᠨᠠᠯ (original orthography)
- ^ Serbian Cyrillic: "Убавој нам Црној Гори"
- ^ Nepali: श्रीमान गम्भीर
- ^ Urdu: ترانہ پاکستان
- ^ Russian: "Молитва русских"
- ^ Russian: "Боже, Царя храни!"
- ^ a b Russian: "Рабочая Марсельеза"
- ^ a b Russian: "Интернационал"
- ^ Russian: "Патриотическая песня"
- ^ Thai: เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี
- ^ Tunisian Arabic: سلام الباي
- ^ Tunisian Arabic: ألا خلّدي
- ^ "Ukrainian: Державний гімн Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки
- ^ Armenian: "Ազատ ու անկախ Արցախ"
- ^ Chechen: Ӏожалла я маршо
- ^ Greek: "Κρητικός Ύμνος"
- ^ Arabic: "النشيد الوطني لإمارة برقة"
- ^ Uyghur: " قۇرتۇلۇش يولیدا"
- ^ Uzbek:ترکستان مختاریتینینگ مدحیهسی
- ^ Russian:Гимн Луганской Народной Республики
- ^ Kurdish: ئەی ڕەقیب
- ^ Chinese: 滿洲國國歌
- ^ Chinese: 滿洲國國歌
- ^ Tamazight: "ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⴰⵖ"
- ^ Arabic: "الريف موطننا"
- ^ Russian: "Государственный гимн СССР"
- ^ Arabic: "سوريا يا ذات المجد"
- ^ Tamil: ஏறுதுபார் கொடி
- ^ Tibetan: "བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་གླུ།"
- ^ Tuvan: "Тыва Интернационал"
- ^ Tuvan: "Тооруктуг долгай таңдым"
- ^ Arabic: "والله زمان يا سلاحي"
- ^ Arabic: "تحية ملكية"
- ^ Arabic: "ال وطني"
- ^ Arabic: "إرادة أمة"
- ^ Arabic: "الجمهورية المتحدة"
- ^ Armenian: "Հայկական ՍՍՀ օրհներգ"
- ^ Azerbaijani: Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасынын Һимни (original orthography)
- ^ Belarusian: "Дзяржаўны гімн БССР"
- ^ Georgian: "საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი"
- ^ Chinese: 天佑女王
- ^ Kazakh: "Қазақ Советтiк Социалистік Республикасының мемлекеттік әнұраны"
- ^ Kirghiz: "Кыргыз ССР Мамлекеттик Гимни"
- ^ Romanian: "Имнул де Стат ал РСС Молдовенешть" (original orthography)
- ^ Kannada: "ಕಾಯೌ ಶ್ರೀ ಗೌರಿ"
- ^ Melayu:"Willem dari Nassou"
- ^ Tajik: "Гимни Республикаи Советии Сотсиалистии Тоҷикистон"
- ^ Malayalam: "വഞ്ചി ഭൂമി"
- ^ "Ukrainian: Державний гімн Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки
- ^ "Uzbek: Ўзбекистон Совет Социалист Республикасининг давлат мадҳияси (original orthography)
References
[edit]- General
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson (2006-10-28). National Anthems of the World. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36826-1.
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson. "History of anthems". Archived from the original on 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- Hang, Xing (2003-09-28). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4847-3.
- Leonard, Hal (1996-01-01). National Anthems from Around the World. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-7935-6079-9.
- Sousa, John Philip (1890). National, patriotic and typical airs of all lands: with copious notes. H. Coleman.
- "nationalanthems.info". Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- Specific
- ^ a b Bristow. "Afghanistan National Anthem (1943–1973)". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Language Context (21 August 2016). "National anthems – Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2006) – Lyrics + Translation in Subtitles". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
- ^ a b c d e Jones, David Wyn (2009). Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 120.
- ^ "History of Chinese national anthems in a hundred years". People's Daily (in Chinese). Chinese Communist Party. Archived from the original on 2018-11-29. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "The social and cultural conception of Mustafa Sadiq Alrafii". Asian and African Studies. 13. Jerusalem Academic Press: 101–129. 1979. ISSN 0066-8281.
- ^ Arabic: سلام أفندينا
- ^ a b "Egypt (to 1958)". nationalanthems.info. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ^ Arabic: يسسالام الجمهوري المصري
- ^ "Iraq (1965–1981)". www.nationalanthems.info.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Schaffer, Edward; Scotland, Jan; Popp, Reinhard (2017). "Iraq (1958–1965, 2003–2004)". NationalAnthems.info. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Wetzel, Dan (August 24, 2004). "One last chance". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo!. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
The song is 'My Country.' It is relatively short, contains no words and was composed by a man named Lewis Zanbaka...
- ^ "History Ireland". historyireland.com. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
- ^ official anthem of the National Fascist Party
- ^ "National anthem". Kuwait Info. Government of Kuwait. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ a b c Historia de los himnos nacionales (Video) (in Spanish). Nicaragua Educa. 2016-09-12. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2021-09-20.
- ^ "Nigeria's new anthem, written by a Briton, sparks criticism after a contentious law is passed". Associated Press. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ Bristow. "Rhodesia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Chelaru, Carmen (2018). "Romanian national anthems, historical, stylistic and aesthetic considerations". Artes. Journal of Musicology. 18 (1): 207–229. doi:10.2478/ajm-2018-0013. ISSN 2558-8532.
- ^ a b c d Bristow. "Romania". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Petru Bălan, Cristian (2008). Imnurile de stat ale ţărilor din Uniunea Europeană (in Romanian). Cristian Balan. p. 112. ISBN 978-9737400949.
- ^ Bristow. "Russian Federation". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Unofficial usage reported with no legal recognition
- ^ a b c "South Africa Will Play Two Anthems Hereafter". The New York Times. New York. 3 June 1938. p. 10. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ "National anthem". Government of South Africa. Archived from the original on 2013-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ a b c Bristow. "South Africa". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "The 10... most preposterous opening ceremonies". The Observer. London: Guardian News and Media. 2004-01-18. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Kreis, Georg (1991). Der Mythos von 1291. Zur Entstehung des schweizerischen Nationalfeiertages. Basel: F. Reinhardt. pp. 67–69.
- ^ Snyder, Lois Leo (1990). Encyclopedia of Nationalism. Paragon House. p. 13. ISBN 1-55778-167-2.
- ^ Barton, Laura (2009-01-23). "Hail, Hail, Rock'n'Roll". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Tourism Signs & Symbols (English version). World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 2002-01-01. doi:10.18111/9789284403783. ISBN 978-92-844-0378-3.
- ^ Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 1–92. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14393-9_1. ISBN 978-3-642-11787-9.
- ^ group=note
- ^ "Civil War Music: God Save the South". Washington, D.C.: Civil War Trust. Archived from the original on 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ^ Sacks, Howard L.; Sacks, Judith (1993). Way up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate Anthem. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-252-07160-3.
- ^ McDougall, Bonnie S. (1984). Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China, 1949–1979. University of California Press. pp. 113–114. ISBN 9780520301917. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ^ Sousa 1890, p. 180
- ^ "Timeline: after Milosevic". BBC News. London. 2006-06-06. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Sousa 1890, p. 253
- ^ Bristow. "Yugoslavia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
External links
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