List of icebreakers
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This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.[1][2]
- ARA General San Martín (1954–1982)
- ARA Almirante Irízar (1978–2007, 2017–)
- ARA Bahía Paraíso (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)
- A new icebreaking Antarctic logistics vessel is planned to enter service in the late 2020s.[3]
- Aurora Australis (1990–2020; decommissioned)
- Nuyina (2021–)[4]
- Eisvogel (1955–)
- Röthelstein (1995–)
- Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up)[5]
- CGS Northern Light (1876–1890; sold)
- CGS Stanley (1888–1935; broken up)
- CGS Minto (1899–1915; sold to Russia)
- CGS Montcalm (1904–1942; sold to Russia)
- CGS Earl Grey (1909–1914; sold to Russia)[6]
- CGS Mikula (1916; 1923–1937; ex-J.D. Hazen, ex-Mikula Seleaninovich; broken up)[6]
- CCGS Saurel (1929–1967; broken up)[6]
- CCGS N.B. McLean (1930–1979; broken up)
- CCGS Ernest Lapointe (1939–1978; museum ship)
- CCGS C.D. Howe (1950–1969; sold to private company)
- CCGS D'Iberville (1952–1983; broken up)
- CCGS Labrador (1954–1987; broken up)
- CCGS Montcalm (1957–1988; broken up)
- CCGS Sir William Alexander (1959–1989; CCGS William since 1987; sold to private company)
- CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1959–2001; sold to private company)
- CCGS Alexander Henry (1959–1984; museum ship)
- CCGS Camsell (1959–1988; broken up)
- CCGS Wolfe (1959–1988; broken up)
- CCGS Tupper (1959–1997; sold to private company)
- CCGS John A. Macdonald (1960–1991; broken up)
- CCGS John Cabot (1965–1994; sold to private company)
- CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers (1969–1993; sold to Chile)
- CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent (1969–)
- CCGS Griffon (1970–)
- Pierre Radisson class
- CCGS Pierre Radisson (1977–)
- CCGS Amundsen (1979–)
- CCGS Des Groseilliers (1982–)
- CCGS Henry Larsen (1987–)
- Samuel Risley class
- CCGS Samuel Risley (1985–)
- CCGS Earl Grey (1986–)
- Martha L. Black class
- CCGS Martha L. Black (1986–)
- CCGS George R. Pearkes (1986–)
- CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1986–)
- CCGS Kopit Hopson 1752 (1986–; ex-Edward Cornwallis)
- CCGS Sir William Alexander (1987–)
- CCGS Ann Harvey (1987–)
- CCGS Terry Fox (1991–)
- Interim icebreakers
- CCGS Captain Molly Kool (2019–; ex-Vidar Viking)[7]
- CCGS Jean Goodwill (2022–; ex-Balder Viking)[7][8]
- CCGS Vincent Massey (2023–; ex-Tor Viking)[7][8]
- CCGS Judy LaMarsh (2023–; ex-Mangystau-2)[9][10]
- New icebreakers and icebreaking vessels planned as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy
- sixteen multi-purpose vessels[11]
- six medium-sized "program icebreakers"[12]
- two polar icebreakers
- CCGS Arpatuuq (2030– (planned))[13]
- CCGS Imnaryuaq (2032– (planned))[13]
- two modified Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessels[14]
- CCGS Donjek Glacier (2026– (planned); under construction)[15]
- CCGS Sermilik Glacier (2027– (planned); under construction)[15]
- HMCS Labrador (1954–1961; transferred to Coast Guard)
- Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel
- HMCS Harry DeWolf (2021–)[16]
- HMCS Margaret Brooke (2022–)[17]
- HMCS Max Bernays (2024–)[18]
- HMCS William Hall (2024–)[19]
- HMCS Frédérick Rolette (delivered)
- HMCS Robert Hampton Gray (under construction)
Commercial
[edit]- Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
- Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
- Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
- Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
- Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
- Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
- Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
- Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
- Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
- Arcticaborg (2018–2019; transferred to Russia)
- Xuě Lóng (雪龙, "Snow Dragon") (1993–)
- Xuě Lóng 2 (雪龙2, "Snow Dragon 2") (2019–)[20]
North Sea Branch
[edit]- Type 071 icebreaker
- Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; in reserve)
- Haibing 721 (海冰721, "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
- Type 210 icebreaker
- Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
- Type 272 icebreaker
- Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
- Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)
- Donghai 519 (东海519, "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721)
- Haijing 6401 (中国海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haibing 723, ex-Haijing 1411)
- Zhong Shan Da Xue Ji Di (2021–; ex-Beijing Ocean Leader, ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk)
- Tan Suo San Hao (2025– (planned); under construction)[23]
Other
[edit]- Bin Hai 293 (滨海293, "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up)[24]
- Beijing Ocean Leader (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)
- Piloto Pardo (1959–1997; sold to private company)[25]
- Almirante Óscar Viel (1995–2019; ex-Norman McLeod Rogers; decommissioned and later sunk as target)[26][27]
- Almirante Viel (2024–)[28]
- Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
- Isbjørn (1923–1965)[29]
- Lillebjørn (1926–1968)[29]
- Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)[29]
- Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)[30]
- Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[31]
- Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[31]
- Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company)[32]
- Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)
- Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
- EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland and converted for icebreaking)
- Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
- Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)
State-owned icebreakers
[edit]Steam-powered
[edit]
- Murtaja (1890–1958; broken up)
- Sampo (1898–1960; broken up)
- Apu (1899–1959; broken up)
- Tarmo (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992)
- Wäinämöinen (1918–1922; handed over to Estonia)
- Ilmarinen (1918–1922; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Voima (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Jääkarhu (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
Diesel-electric
[edit]
- Sisu (1939–1974; transferred to the Finnish Navy)
- Voima (1954–)
- Karhu class
- Tarmo class
- Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
- Urho class
- Otso class
- Multipurpose icebreakers
- Polaris (2016–)
- Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
- Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold to Russia)[33]
- Sampo (1987–)
- L'Astrolabe (2017–)[34]
- Le Commandant Charcot (2021–)[35]
Other
[edit]- L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold to private company)
Historical
[edit]- Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
- Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
- Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
- Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
- Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
- Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)
Alfred-Wegener-Institut
[edit]- Polarstern (1982–)
- New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2027.[36]
Other
[edit]- Eisvogel class
- Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
- Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
- Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
- Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship)[37]
- Neuwerk (1997–)
- Arkona (2004–)
- Laura Bassi (2019–)[38]
- Ōtomari (1921–1945)
- Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
- Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
- Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)
The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:
- Arcticaborg (1998–2018; transferred to Canada)
- Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
- Tulpar (2002–)
- Mangystau-class icebreaking tugs
- Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
- Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
- Mangystau-3 (2011–)
- Mangystau-4 (2011–)
- Mangystau-5 (2011–)
- Kazhymukan (2016–)
- Ledokol-2 (1984–)
- Krišjānis Valdemārs (1925–1941; sunk)
- Varma (1994–)[41]
- Foros (2013–2024; ex-Fobos; sold to private company)[42][43]
- Arctic Sunrise (1995–)
Other
[edit]- NoCGV Svalbard (2001–)
- Kronprins Haakon (2018–)
- Polar Circle (2022–2024; sold to Sweden)[45]
Icebreakers
[edit]The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.
- Lenin (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
- Arktika class
- Taymyr class
- Project 22220
- Project 10510
Diesel-powered icebreakers
[edit]
- Wind class
- Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
- Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
- Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
- Kapitan Belousov class
- Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)[58]
- Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)[59]
- Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)[60]
- Moskva class
- Civilian variants of Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97A)
- Vasiliy Pronchishchev (1961–1989; ex-Ledokol-1; broken up)[66]
- Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1992; ex-Ledokol-2; passed over to Ukraine)[67]
- Khariton Laptev (1962–1996; ex-Ledokol-3; broken up)[68]
- Vasiliy Poyarkov (1963–1988; ex-Ledokol-4; broken up)[69]
- Yerofey Khabarov (1963–1993; ex-Ledokol-5; broken up)[70]
- Ivan Kruzenstern (1964–; ex-Ledokol-6)[71]
- Vladimir Rusanov (1964–1988; ex-Ledokol-7; broken up)[72]
- Semyon Chelyuskin (1965–1988; ex-Ledokol-8; broken up)[73]
- Yuriy Lisyanskiy (1965–2021; ex-Ledokol-9; to be broken up)[74]
- Fyodor Litke (1970–2013; broken up)[75]
- Ivan Moskvitin (1971–1997; broken up)[76]
- Semyon Dezhnev (1971–)[77]
- Ermak class
- Ermak (1974–2021; broken up)[78]
- Admiral Makarov (1975–)
- Krasin (1976–)
- Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
- Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
- Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
- Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
- Kapitan Sorokin class
- Kapitan Sorokin (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991)
- Kapitan Nikolaev (1978–; rebuilt in 1990)
- Kapitan Dranitsyn (1980–)
- Kapitan Khlebnikov (1981–)
- Kapitan Chechkin class
- Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
- Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
- Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
- Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
- Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
- Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
- Mudyug class
- Kapitan Evdokimov class
- Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
- Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
- Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
- Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
- Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
- Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
- Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
- Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
- Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)[79]
- Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
- Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
- Project 21900
- Moskva (2008–)
- Sankt-Peterburg (2009–)
- Project 21900M
- Vladivostok (2015–)
- Murmansk (2015–)[80]
- Novorossiysk (2016–)[81]
- Ob (2019–)[82]
- Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
- Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)[83]
- Project 21900M2
- Project 23620
- Project 22740M
Steam-powered icebreakers
[edit]
- Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
- Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)[90][91][92]
- Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)[90]
- Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)[93]
- Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)[90]
- Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
- Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)[90]
- Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)[90][94]
- Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)[90]
- A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
- Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
- Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
- Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
- Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
- Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
- Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
- Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
- Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
- Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)[90]
- Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)[95]
- Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)[96]
- Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)[97]
- Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)[98]
- Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)[99]
- Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
- Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
- Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
- Toros (1929–1964)[90]
- Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
- Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
- Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
- A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
- Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
- Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
- Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
- Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981)[100]
- Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)
Other icebreaking vessels
[edit]Rescue and salvage vessels
[edit]- Stroptivyy class
- Stroptivyy (1979–1992; sold to private company)[101]
- Spravedlivyy (1980–)[102]
- Stakhanovets (1980–2012; laid up)[103]
- Suvorovets (1980–)[104]
- Sibirskiy (1980–)[105]
- Fobos (1983–2014; sold to Latvia)[106]
- Deimos (1983–2002; sold to private company)[107]
- Baltika (2014–)[108]
- Project MPSV06
- Beringov Proliv (2015–)[109]
- Murman (2015–)[109]
- Kerchenskiy Proliv (2024– (current estimate); under construction)[110]
- Project MPSV06M
- Boris Lavrov (2024– (planned); under construction)[113]
Offshore vessels
[edit]The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:
- Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Canmar Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
- Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo, ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
- Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up)[114]
- Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up)[115]
- SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
- SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
- SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
- SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
- Polar Pevek (2006–2022)[116]
- Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
- Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
- Toboy (2008–)
- Varandey (2008–)
- Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)[117]
- Vitus Bering (2012–)
- Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
- Aleut (2015–)[118]
- Pomor (2016–)
- Normann (2016–)
- Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
- Stepan Makarov (2017–)
- Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
- Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
- Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)[119]
- Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)[120]
- Arcticaborg (2019–)
- Katerina Velikaya (under construction)[121]
- Svyataya Mariya (under construction)[121]
- Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)[121]
- Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)[121]
In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:
Patrol and naval vessels
[edit]The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:
- Purga (1957–1990)[126]
- Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) and its variants
- Dobronya Nikitich (1960–1998; broken up)[127]
- Purga (1961–2012; broken up)[128]
- Vyuga (1962–1991; broken up)[129]
- Ilya Muromets (1965–1993; broken up)[130]
- Buran (1966–)[131]
- Sadko (1968–2022; expended as target)[132]
- Peresvet (1970–2011; broken up)[133]
- Ivan Susanin class (Project 97P)
- Ilya Muromets (2017–)[141]
- Project 21180M
- Evpatiy Kolovrat (2024–)[142]
- Svyatogor (2027– (planned); under construction)[143][144]
- Project 23550
- Ivan Papanin (2024– (current estimate); under construction)[145]
- Nikolay Zubov (2024– (planned); under construction)
- Purga (2024– (planned); under construction)[146]
- Dzerzhinsky (under construction)[147]
Research and survey vessels
[edit]- Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) variants
- Pyotr Pakhtusov (1966–1997; ex-Mendeleev, ex-Ledokol-10; broken up)[148]
- Georgiy Sedov (1967–1992; broken up)[149]
- Vladimir Kavrayskiy (1969–2012; used as stationary floating barracks PKZ-86)[150]
- Otto Schmidt (1979–1991; broken up)[151]
- Mikhail Somov (1975–)[152]
- Akademik Fedorov (1987–)[153]
- Akademik Tryoshnikov (2012–)[154]
- Ivan Frolov (2028– (planned); under construction)[155]
- S. A. Agulhas (1977–2012; retired from Antarctic service and used as a training ship)
- S. A. Agulhas II (2012–)
- See Russia
- Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
- Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)[157]
- Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)[158]
- Thule (1953–1998; broken up)[159]
- Oden (1957–1988; broken up)[160]
- Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)[79]
- Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)[161]
- Ale (1973–)
- Atle class
- Oden (1988–)
- Idun (2024–; purchased from Norway)[162]
- New icebreaker is expected to be delivered in 2027 and enter service in 2028[163]
Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.
- Tor Viking II (2000–2015; as Tor Viking under Norwegian flag until 2003)[164]
- Balder Viking (2000–2015)
- Vidar Viking (2001–2012; contract ended prematurely)[117]
- Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
- Mangystau-1 (2023–)
- Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1995; broken up)[67]
- Kapitan Belousov (1991–; damaged and later captured by Russians in 2022)[58]
- Noosfera (2021–; ex-James Clark Ross; purchased from United Kingdom)[165]
- HMS Endurance (1990–2008; broken up)[166]
- RRS James Clark Ross (1991–2021; sold to Ukraine)[167]
- RRS Ernest Shackleton (1995–2019; sold to Italy)[168]
- HMS Protector (2011–)[169]
- RRS Sir David Attenborough (2020–)[170]
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- USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship)
- Wind class
- USCGC Staten Island (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; ex-Severny Veter, ex-Northwind; broken up)
- USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977)
- USCGC Southwind (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; ex-Admiral Makarov, ex-Atka; broken up in 1976)
- USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; ex-Severniy Polyus; broken up)
- USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999)
- USCGC Burton Island (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982)
- USCGC Edisto (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980)
- USCGC Glacier (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012)
- Polar class
- USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–)
- USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; inactive)
- USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) (2000–)
- USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) (2006–)
- Polar Security Cutters
- Nathaniel B. Palmer (1992–)[173]
- Laurence M. Gould (1997–)[174]
- Sikuliaq (2014–)
- Aiviq (2012–)
References
[edit]- ^ Ilmari Aro (17 November 2008). "THE WORLD ICEBREAKER AND ICEBREAKING SUPPLY VESSEL FLEET" (PDF). Baltic Icebreaking Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ^ Major icebreakers of the world. USCG Office of Waterways and Ocean Policy. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ^ "Naval shipyard Tandanor to build new icebreaker for Argentina". Navy Recognition. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ "Flying the flag over Australia's new icebreaker". Australian Antarctic Division. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
- ^ "Kapitan A. Radzhabov (7406332)". Sea-web. S&P Global. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
- ^ a b c Ships of the CCG 1850–1967 Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine. Canadian Coast Guard. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
- ^ a b c "Canada Acts on Icebreaker Shortage". The Maritime Executive. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ a b "SHIPPING NEWS: Halifax's ice-free status nearly on the rocks". The Chronicle Herald. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^ "Canadian Coast Guard announces an addition to the southern icebreaking fleet with the purchase of light icebreaker from Atlantic Towing Limited". Government of Canada. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "Canadian Coast Guard names light icebreaker - the CCGS Judy LaMarsh". Canadian Coast Guard. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "Multi-Purpose Vessels". Seaspan Shipyards. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ "Six New Icebreakers to be Built for Canadian Coast Guard". Naval News. 11 August 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ a b "Working with the North, for the North". Government of Canada. Canadian Coast Guard. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Irving to receive $58 million for 'minimal' changes to new Coast Guard ships". Ottawa Citizen. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ a b "Canadian Coast Guard celebrates new Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships shipbuilding milestones". Government of Canada. Canadian Coast Guard. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
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