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List of largest exoplanets

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 44 min
Jupiter as seen by Voyager 1 in 1979. It is the largest planet having its surface resolved[1][2][3] and it is the largest planet in the Solar System.[4]

Below is a list of the largest exoplanets so far discovered, in terms of physical size, ordered by radius.

Limitations

[edit]

This list of extrasolar objects may and will change over time due to diverging measurements published between scientific journals, varying methods used to examine these objects, and the notably difficult task of discovering extrasolar objects in general. These objects are not stars, and are quite small on a universal or even stellar scale. Then there is the fact that these objects might be brown dwarfs, sub-brown dwarfs, or not exist at all. Because of this, this list only cites the most certain measurements to date and is prone to change.

List

[edit]

The sizes are listed in units of Jupiter radii (RJ, 71 492 km). This list is designed to include all planets that are larger than 1.7 times the size of the largest planet in the Solar System, Jupiter. Some well-known planets that are smaller than 1.7 RJ (19.055 R🜨 or 121536.4 km) have been included for the sake of comparison.

Key (classification)
* Probably brown dwarfs (≳ 13 MJ) (based on mass)
† Probably sub-brown dwarfs (based on mass and location)
→ Planets with grazing transit, hindering radius determination
← Probably planets (≲ 13 MJ) (based on mass)
# Non-exoplanets reported for reference
– Theoretical planet size restrictions
Key (illustration)
Artist's impression
Artist's size comparison
Direct Imaging telescopic observation
Composite image of direct observations
Transiting telescopic observation
Illustration Exoplanet name Radius (RJ) Key Mass (MJ) Notes
Sun
(Sol) 		9.731
(1 R☉)
(695 700 km)[5] 		# 1047.569
(1 M☉)
(1.988 416 x 1030 kg)[5] 		The only star in the Solar System.
Reported for reference.
Large size planetary-mass object 8[6]
(0.82 R☉) 		– ~ 5[6] Largest theoretical size assumed for a ~ 5 MJ mass object right after formation, however, for 'arbitrary initial conditions'.
Proplyd 133-353 < 7.82 ± 0.81
(< 0.804 ± 0.083 R☉)[7][a] 		† < 13, 2–28[7] A candidate rogue planet/sub-brown dwarf with a photoevaporating disk. It is located in the Orion Nebula Cluster. At an age younger than 500000 years it is one of the youngest free-floating planetary-mass object candidates known.
More information about Proplyd 133-353 and estimates of its radius are available: [e]
V2384 Orionis A
(2M0535-05 A) 		6.71 ± 0.11
(0.690 ± 0.011 R☉)[8] 		# 59.9 ± 3.5
(0.0572 ± 0.0033 M☉)[8] 		Eclipsing binary brown dwarf primary component, ~1 million years old
Reported for reference.
V2384 Orionis B
(2M0535-05 B) 		5.25 ± 0.09
(0.540 ± 0.009 R☉)[8] 		# 38.3 ± 2.3
(0.0366 ± 0.0022 M☉)[8] 		Eclipsing binary brown dwarf secondary component, ~1 million years old
Reported for reference.
UScoCTIO 55 4.8[9] † 10.5[9]
KPNO-Tau-4 4.1[9][10] † 10.5[9]
GQ Lupi b
(GQ Lup Ab) 		3.7 ± 0.7;[11]
3.50+1.50
−1.03;[12] 3.77;[13]
3.6±0.1[14] 		* 20 ± 10[14], 1 – 46 GQ Lupi b has a mass of 1 – 46 MJ; in the higher half of this range, it may be classified as a young brown dwarf. GQ Lup Ab / GQ Lup b / GQ Lup B should not be confused with the star GQ Lup C.
Most recently 20±10 MJ.[14]
HD 100546 b
(KR Mus b) 		3.4[15] * 25[15] Sometimes the initially reported 6.9+2.7
−2.9 RJ for the emitting area due to the diffuse dust and gas envelope or debris disk surrounding the planet[16] is confused with the actual radius. There is also a chance of this planet being much smaller.
OTS 44 3.2 – 3.6[17] † 11.5[18] Very likely a brown dwarf[19] or sub-brown dwarf.[20] It is surrounded by a circumstellar disk of dust and particles of rock and ice. The currently preferred radius estimate is done by SED modelling including substellar object and disk model.[17]
2M J044144 b
(2MASS J0441+2301 Bb) 		3.06[21][a] † 9.8 ± 1.8[21] Based on the mass ratio to its primary (2M J044144 A) it is not a planet according to the exoplanet working definition.[22]
Kapteyn's Star 2.83 ± 0.24[23]
(0.291 ± 0.025 R☉) 		# 294.4 ± 14.7
(0.281 ± 0.014 M☉)[23] 		The closest halo star / red subdwarf to the Solar System at the distance of 12.82 ly (3.93 pc). Also having the second-highest proper motion of any stars. Having an age of 11.5 +0.5
−1.5 Gyr.
Reported for reference.
DH Tauri b
(DH Tau b) 		2.6 ± 0.6;[11]
2.7±0.8;[24]
2.68;[25] 2.49[17][a] 		← 11 ± 3,[24] 14.2+2.4
−3.5,[26] 17±6,[27] 12±4[11] 		DH Tau b has itself a companion candidate, an exomoon candidate of about 1 MJ, referred to as DH Tau Bb. Its estimated orbital period is about 320 years.[28] This object has a circumplanetary disk, the first one ever confirmed, detected with polarimetry at the VLT.[29]
SR 12 (AB) c 2.38 +0.27
−0.32[30] 		← 14 +7
−8,[31]
12 – 15,[32]
13±2[30] 		The planet is at the very edge of the deuterium burning limit. This object has a circumplanetary disk, detected in sub-mm with ALMA.[33]
TOI-1408 b 2.23 ± 0.36
(25±4 R🜨), 2.4±0.5[34] 		→ 1.86 ± 0.02[34] Grazing and very puffy hot Jupiter.[34]
TWA 29 2.222 +0.082
−0.081[35] 		† 6.6 +5.2
−2.9[35]
Hot Jupiter limit 2.2[36]
(0.226 R☉) 		– > 0 Theoretical limit for hot Jupiters close to a star, that are limited by tidal heating, resulting in 'runaway inflation'
CT Chamaeleontis b
(CT Cha b) 		2.2+0.81
−0.6[37] 		* 17 ± 6[37] Likely a brown dwarf.
CAHA Tau 1 2.12[38][39][a] † 10 ± 5[38][39]
ROXs 42B b 2.10 ± 0.35[11] ← 9 +6
−3;[40] 10±4;[41] 3.2 – 27;[42] 13±5[11] 		Older estimates include 1.9 – 2.4, 1.3 – 4.7 RJ[43] and 2.43±0.18 – 2.55±0.2 RJ.[44]
TOI-3540 b 2.10
(>1.44 95% lower limit)[45] 		→ 1.18 ± 0.14[45] Grazing planet
PDS 70 b 2.09+0.23
−0.31 – 2.72+0.15
−0.17[46] 		← 3.2+3.3
−1.6, 7.9+4.9
−4.7,
< 10 (2 σ), ≲ 15 (total)[47] 		Possibly the largest known exoplanet.[36]
HAT-P-67b 2.085+0.096
−0.071[48] 		← 0.34 +0.25
−0.19[48] 		A very puffy Hot Jupiter. Currently the largest known planet with an accurately and precisely measured radius.[49]
XO-6b 2.07±0.22[50] ← 1.9 ± 0.5, < 4.4[50] A very puffy Hot Jupiter
HIP 65 Ab
(TOI-129 b) 		2.03 +0.61
−0.49[51] 		→ 3.213 ± 0.078[51] Grazing planet
Cha 110913-773444
(Cha 110913) 		2.0 – 2.1[17] † 8 +7
−3[52] 		A rogue planet (Likely a sub-brown dwarf) that is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk. It is one of youngest free-floating substellar objects with 0.5–10 Myr. The currently preferred radius estimate is done by SED modelling including substellar object and disk model.[17]
CFHTWIR-Oph 90 2.00 +0.09
−0.12;[30] 3[53][54] 		† 10.5[53] May be rogue planet or brown dwarf
TOI-3807 b 2.00
(>1.65 95% lower limit)[55] 		→ 1.04 +0.15
−0.14[55] 		Grazing planet
Ditsö̀
(WASP-17b) 		1.991±0.081[56] ← 0.512 ± 0.037[56] Extremely low density of 0.08 g/cm3.[57] Possibly largest exoplanet at the time of discovery.[58]
Kepler-435b
(KOI-680b) 		1.99±0.18[59] ← 0.84 ± 0.15[59]
HAT-P-32b
(GSC 3281–00800 b) 		1.980 ± 0.045[60] ← 0.941 ± 0.166, 0.860±0.164[61] A very puffy Hot Jupiter.
CFHTWIR-Oph 98 A 1.95+0.11
−0.10;[30] 2.14[53][62] 		* 15.4 ± 0.8, 9.6 – 18.4;[63] 10.5[53] Either a M-type brown dwarf or sub-brown dwarf with a sub-brown dwarf/planet companion CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b.
WASP-178b
(KELT-26b) 		1.940 +0.060
−0.058[64] 		← 1.41 +0.43
−0.51[64]
WASP-12b 1.937 ± 0.056[65] ← 1.47 +0.076
−0.069[66] 		This planet is so close to its parent star that its tidal forces are distorting it into an egg-like shape. As of September 2017, it has been described as "black as asphalt", and as a "pitch black" hot Jupiter as it absorbs 94% of the starlight that reaches its surface. WASP-12b is suspected to have one exomoon due to a curve of change of shine of the planet observed regular variation of light.[67]
BD-14 3065 b
(TOI-4987 b) 		1.926 ± 0.094[68] ← 12.37 ± 0.92[68] Orbits the primary component, a subgiant star, of the triple star system.
KELT-19 Ab 1.91 ± 0.11[69] ← < 4.07 (3 σ)[69]
Dimidium
(51 Peg b) 		1.9 ± 0.3[70] ← 0.46 +0.06
−0.01[70] 		First exoplanet to be discovered orbiting a main-sequence star. Prototype hot Jupiter.
KELT-9b 1.891 +0.061
−0.055[71] 		← 2.17 ± 0.56[72] Hottest confirmed exoplanet known, with a temperature of 4050±180 K (3776.85 ± -93.15 °C; 6830.33 ± -135.67 °F).[73]
HAT-P-65b 1.89 ± 0.13[74] ← 0.527 ± 0.083[74]
TOI-1518 b 1.875 ± 0.053[75] ← < 2.3 (2 σ)[75]
HAT-P-70b 1.87 +0.15
−0.10[76] 		← < 6.78 (3 σ)[76]
Tylos
(WASP-121b) 		1.865 ± 0.044[77] ← 1.183 +0.064
−0.062[77] 		First exoplanet found to contain water in an extrasolar planetary stratosphere. Tylos is suspected to have exo-Io candidate due to the sodium being detected via absorption spectroscopy around the planet.[78]
HATS-23b 1.86 +0.30
−0.40[79] 		→ 1.470 ± 0.072[79] Grazing planet
CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b 1.86 ± 0.05[60][62] † 7.8 +0.7
−0.8, 4.1 – 11.6[63] 		May be a sub-brown dwarf.
KELT-8b 1.86+0.18
−0.16[80] 		← 0.867 +0.065
−0.061[80]
KPNO-Tau-12 1.84;[53] 2.22 +0.11
−0.17[30] 		† 11.5[53]
WASP-76b
(BD+01 316b) 		1.83+0.06
−0.04[81] 		← 0.92 ± 0.03[82][83] The tidally-locked planet where winds move 18000 km/h, and where molten iron rains from the sky due to daytime temperatures exceeding 2400 °C (4350 °F).[84][85] WASP-76b is suspected to have an exo-Io candidate due to the sodium being detected via absorption spectroscopy around WASP-76b.[86]
HAT-P-33b 1.827 ± 0.29,[87] 1.85±0.49[60] ← 0.72 +0.13
−0.12[88]
TYC 8998-760-1 b 1.82 ± 0.08[89] – 3.0+0.2
−0.7[90] 		* 21.8 ± 3[91] Likely a brown dwarf; Directly imaged companion around TYC 8998-760-1, an analog to the Sun,[92][93] except in age. TYC 8998-760-1 has an age of 27 Myr.[91]
Barnard's Star 1.82 ± 0.01[94]
(0.187 ± 0.001 R☉) 		# 168.7 +3.8
−3.7
(0.1610 +0.0036
−0.0035 M☉)[94] 		Second nearest stellar system to the Sun at the distance of 5.97 ly (1.83 pc) and closest star in the northern celestial hemisphere. Also having the highest proper motion of any stars. Having an age of likely more than twice the age of the Solar System. Has a planet, Barnard's Star b / Barnard b.[95]
Reported for reference.
Saffar
(υ And b) 		~ 1.8[96] ← 1.70 +0.33
−0.24[97] 		Radius estimated using the phase curve of reflected light. The planet orbits very close to its host star of 0.0595 AU, completing an orbit in 4.617 days.[98]
KELT-12b 1.79 +0.18
−0.17[99] 		← 0.95 ± 0.14[99]
TOI-640 b 1.771 +0.060
−0.056[100] 		← 0.88 ± 0.16[100]
TOI-2193 Ab 1.77
(>1.55 95% lower limit)[45] 		→ 0.94 ± 0.18[45] Grazing planet
TOI-2669b 1.76 ± 0.16[101] ← 0.61 ± 0.19[101]
HATS-26b 1.75 ± 0.21[102] ← 0.650 ± 0.076[102]
WASP-122b
(KELT-14b) 		1.743 ± 0.047[103] ← 1.284 ± 0.032[103]
KELT-15b 1.74 ± 0.20[104] ← 1.31 ± 0.43[104]
HAT-P-57b 1.74 ± 0.36[104] ← 1.41 ± 1.52[104]
KELT-20b
(MASCARA-2b) 		1.735 +0.07
−0.075,[105]
1.741+0.069
−0.074[60] 		← < 3.518 (3 σ)[105] An ultra-hot Jupiter.
HAT-P-64b 1.703 ± 0.070[106] ← 0.58 +0.18
−0.13[106]
WASP-78b 1.70 ± 0.04,[107]
1.93±0.45[60] 		← 0.89 ± 0.08[107] This planet has likely undergone in the past a migration from the initial highly eccentric orbit.[108]
Qatar-7b 1.70 ± 0.03[60] ← 1.88 ± 0.25[109]
A few examples with radii under 1.7 RJ (19.1 R🜨).
KELT-4Ab 1.699 +0.046
−0.045,[60]
1.706+0.085
−0.076[110] 		← 0.878 +0.070
−0.067[110]
Kepler-12b 1.695 ± 0.032,[111]
1.754+0.031
−0.036[60] 		← 0.431 ± 0.041[111]
1RXS 1609b
(1RXS J160929.1−210524b) 		1.664[112][60] * 14 +2.0
−3.0[113] 		Likely a brown dwarf; It's the third exoplanet to be announced as directly imaged orbiting a sun-like star (after GQ Lup b and AB Pic b).[114]
TrES-4 1.61 ± 0.18[115] ← 0.78 ± 0.19[104] This planet has a density of 0.2 g/cm3, about that of balsa wood, less than Saturn's 0.7 g/cm3.
AB Aurigae b
(AB Aur b) 		1.6[116] – 2.75[117] * 9 – 12 , < 130[117] The large radius of 2.75 RJ is only valid for 1 Myr. Several publications give a higher age, e.g. 1-5 Myr,[117] 4±1 Myr,[118] 6.0+2.5
−1.0 Myr.[119] Its optical/UV detection is disputed,[120] its accretion rate is disputed[121], while its existence as a planet after original detection in the IR needs confirmation.[117]
Kepler-7b 1.574 +0.075
−0.071[122] 		← 0.433 +0.040
−0.041[123] 		It is the first extrasolar planet to have a crude map of cloud coverage.[124][125][126] One of the first five exoplanets to be confirmed by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, within 34 days of Kepler's science operations.[127]
AB Pictoris b
(AB Pic b) 		1.57 ± 0.07 – 1.8±0.3[128] ← 10 ± 1[128] Previously believed to be a likely brown dwarf, with mass estimates of 13−14 MJ[129] to 70 MJ,[130] its mass is now estimated to be 10±1 MJ, with an age of 13+1.1
−0.6 million years.[131]
Proxima Centauri
(Alpha Centauri C) 		1.50 ± 0.04[132]
(0.1542 ± 0.0045 R☉) 		# 127.9 ± 2.3[132]
(0.1221 ± 0.0022 M☉) 		The nearest star to the Sun at the distance of 4.24 ly (1.30 pc), orbiting around the Alpha Centauri AB System, the nearest star system to the Sun, at a separation of 12950 AU (0.2048 ly),[133] equivalent to about 430 times the radius of Neptune's orbit, orbiting around 550000 years.
Has a confirmed planet, Proxima Centauri b[134] (may be a habitable planet), a candidate (unconfirmed) planet, Proxima Centauri d and a disputed planet Proxima Centauri c; all three (or Proxima Centauri b if considering only confirmed planets) being the closest exoplanet to the Solar System.
Reported for reference.
Beta Pictoris b
(β Pic b) 		1.46 ± 0.01[135] ← 11.729 +2.337
−2.135[136] 		Found by Direct Imaging. Orbit of ~24 years soon to be fully observed since its first epoch from 2003.
PSO J318.5−22 1.38 ± 0.02[137] † 6.92 ± 0.68[137] An extrasolar object that does not seem to be orbiting any star, see: rogue planet.
HD 209458 b
("Osiris") 		1.359 +0.016
−0.019[138] 		← 0.682 +0.014
−0.015[138] 		First known transiting exoplanet and first precisely measured planet radius available. Nicknamed "Osiris".
Teide 1 1.311 +0.12
−0.075 		# 52 +15
−10
(0.0496 +0.0143
−0.0095 M☉) 		First brown dwarf to be verified.[139]
Reported for reference.
Kappa Andromedae b
(κ And b) 		1.3 – 1.6[140] ← 13 +12
−2[141] 		Among the most massive exoplanets.
TrES-2
(Kepler-1b) 		1.265 +0.054
−0.051[122] 		← 1.199 ± 0.052[142] Darkest known exoplanet due to an extremely low geometric albedo, absorbing 99% of light.
HD 189733 b 1.138 ± 0.027 ← 1.123 ± 0.045 First exoplanet to have its thermal map constructed,[143] its overall color (deep blue) determined,[144][145] its transit viewed in the X-ray spectrum, and to have carbon dioxide confirmed as being present in its atmosphere. Such the rich cobalt blue[146][147] colour of HD 189733 b may be the result of Rayleigh scattering. The wind can blow up to 8,700 km/h (5,400 mph) from the day side to the night side.[148]
2M1207 b
(TWA 27b) 		1.13[149] † 5.5 ± 0.5[149] First directly imaged planetary body to have its spectrum taken and first planet discovered orbiting a brown dwarf. Its mass is well below the limit for deuterium fusion in brown dwarfs of 13 MJ. This planet will shrink to a size slightly smaller than Jupiter as it cools over the next few billion years.
PDS 70 c 1.13 +0.56
−0.43 – 2.04 +0.61
−0.45[46] 		← 7.5 +4.7
−4.2, 7.8 +5.0
−4.7,
~1 − ~15 (total)[47] 		This object has a circumplanetary disk, the first one ever found, detected with ALMA.[150]
Ahra
(WD 0806-661 b) 		1.12[151] ← 7 − 9[152] Initially possibly formed closer to Maru (WD 0806−661), the planet or brown dwarf migrated further away as Maru reached the end of its life with current separation of about 2500 AU.
Might be considered an exoplanet or a sub-brown dwarf, the dimmest sub-brown dwarf. The IAU considers objects below the ~13 MJ limiting mass for deuterium fusion that orbit stars (or stellar remnants) to be planets, regardless on how they formed.[153]
Maru's age of 1.5–2.7 Gyr[154] is higher than several objects' on top of this list.
CoRoT-3b 1.08 ± 0.05[155] * 21.66 ± 1.00[156] Might be considered either a planet or a brown dwarf, depending on the definition chosen for these terms. If the brown dwarf/planet limit is defined by mass regime using the deuterium burning limit as the delimiter (i.e. 13 MJ), CoRoT-3b is a brown dwarf.[157] If formation is the criterion, CoRoT-3b may be a planet given that some models of planet formation predict that planets with masses up to 25–30 Jupiter masses can form via core accretion.[158] However, it is unclear which method of formation created CoRoT-3b.
Epsilon Indi Ab
(ε Ind b) 		1.08[159][a] ← 6.31 +0.60
−0.56[159] 		Nearest and coldest extrasolar planet directly imaged.[160]
Kepler-90h
(KOI-351 h) 		1.01 ± 0.09[161] ← 0.639 ± 0.016[162] Located in the Kepler-90 system with eight known exoplanets, whose architecture is similar to that of the Solar System, with rocky planets being closer to Kepler-90 and gas giants being more distant. This largest, most massive and outermost planet orbits every ~331.6 days at a separation of 1.01 AU and could theoretically have a habitable Earth-like exomoon.
Jupiter 1
(11.209 R🜨)[5]
(71 492 km) 		# 1
(317.827 M🜨)[163]
(1.898 125 × 1027 kg) 		Oldest, largest and most massive planet in the Solar System[164] This planet hosts 95 known moons including the Galilean moons.
Reported for reference.
For smaller exoplanets, see the list of smallest exoplanets or other lists of exoplanets.

Chronological list of largest exoplanets

[edit]

These exoplanets were the largest at the time of their discovery.

Key (classification)
* Later identified to be a brown dwarf or a star (≳ 13 MJ)
† Candidate for largest exoplanet (currently or in time span)
→ Assumed largest exoplanet, while unconfirmed, later retracted or later confirmed
← Largest exoplanet (≲ 13 MJ) at the time
# Non-exoplanets reported for reference
– Theoretical planet size restrictions
Key (illustration)
Artist's impression
Artist's size comparison
Direct Imaging telescopic observation
Composite image of direct observations
Transiting telescopic observation
Years largest discovered Illustration Exoplanet Name Radius (RJ) Key Mass (MJ) Notes
(2014 – present) DH Tauri b 2.6±0.6;[11]
2.7±0.8;[24]
2.68;[25] 2.49[17][a] 		† 11±3,[24] 14.2+2.4
−3.5,[26] 17±6,[27] 12±4[11] 		Mass being below the deuterium burning limit needs confirmation. DH Tau b has itself a companion candidate, an exomoon candidate of about 1 MJ, referred to as DH Tau Bb. Its estimated orbital period is about 320 years.[28] This object has a circumplanetary disk, the first one ever confirmed, detected with polarimetry at the VLT.[29]
(2020 – present) SR 12 (AB) c 2.38 +0.27
−0.32[30] 		† 14+7
−8,[31] 12 – 15,[32]
13±2[30] 		The planet is at the very edge of the deuterium burning limit. Mass being below it needs confirmation. This object has a circumplanetary disk, detected in sub-mm with ALMA.[33]
(2024 – present) TOI-1408 b 2.23 ± 0.36
(25±4 R🜨), 2.4±0.5[34] 		† 1.86±0.02[34] Grazing and very puffy hot Jupiter.[34] Large size needs confirmation.
Hot Jupiter limit 2.2[36] – > 0 Theoretical limit for hot Jupiters close to a star, that are limited by tidal heating, resulting in 'runaway inflation'
(2014 – present) ROXs 42B b 2.10±0.35[11] † 9+6
−3;[40] 10±4;[41] 3.2 – 27;[42] 13±5[11] 		Large size needs confirmation. Older estimates include 1.9 – 2.4, 1.3 – 4.7 RJ[43] and 2.43±0.18 – 2.55±0.2 RJ.[44]
(2018 – present) PDS 70 b 2.09+0.23
−0.31 – 2.72+0.15
−0.17[46] 		† 3.2+3.3
−1.6, 7.9+4.9
−4.7,
< 10 (2 σ), ≲ 15 (total)[47] 		Possibly the largest known exoplanet.[36] Large size needs confirmation.
(2017 – present) HAT-P-67b 2.085+0.096
−0.071[48] 		† 0.34 +0.25
−0.19[48] 		A very puffy Hot Jupiter. Currently the largest known planet with an accurately and precisely measured radius.[49]
(2017 – present) XO-6b 2.07±0.22[50] † 1.9 ± 0.5, < 4.4[50] A very puffy Hot Jupiter
2010 – 2014
(or 2017) 		Ditsö̀
(WASP-17b) 		1.991 ± 0.081[56] ← 0.512 ± 0.037[56] Extremely low density of 0.08 g/cm3.[57] Possibly largest exoplanet at the time of discovery.[58]
2007 – 2010 TrES-4 1.61 ± 0.18[115] ← 0.78 ± 0.19[104] This planet has a density of 0.2 g/cm3, about that of balsa wood, less than Saturn's 0.7 g/cm3.
1999 – 2007 HD 209458 b
("Osiris") 		1.359 +0.016
−0.019[138] 		← 0.682 +0.014
−0.015[138] 		First known transiting exoplanet. First precisely measured planet radius available. Nicknamed "Osiris".
(1995 – 1999) various unknown → 0.49 – 8.37 About 20 – 25 planets were found within this time span via the radial velocity method, none of them having radius measurements, especially shortly after their discovery. As expected, Dimidium is larger than Poltergeist, whether one of the additional planets found till 1999 is larger than Dimidium is not clear to this day.
1995 – 1999 Dimidium
(51 Peg b) 		unknown
at the time 		← 0.46 +0.06
−0.01[70] 		First convincing exoplanet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star. Prototype hot Jupiter.
(1993 – 1995) PSR B1620−26 b
("Methuselah") 		unknown → 2.5 ± 1 Likely larger than Poltergeist, but was not confirmed until 2003. First circumbinary planet and the oldest planet to be discovered (until 2020) at the age of 11.2–12.7 billion years old, hence the nickname, "Methuselah".
1992 – 1995 Poltergeist
(PSR B1257+12 c) 		unknown ← 0.013 53 ± 0.000 63
(4.3 ± 0.2 M🜨)[165] 		First confirmed planet ever discovered outside the Solar System together with the less massive Draugr, one of three pulsar planets known to be orbiting the pulsar Lich.[166][167] Unclear whether the planets are survivors or formed in a second round of planet formation from the remnants of the supernova (see pulsar planets).
(1989 – 1992) HD 114762 b
("Latham's Planet") 		unknown * 11.069 ± 0.063,[168]
~63.2[169] 		Discovered in 1989 by Latham, et al. to have a minimum mass of 11.069 ± 0.063 MJ (at 90°) and a probable mass of approximately 63.2 MJ (at 10°).[169], and confirmed in 1991, it was thought to be the first discovered exoplanet until 2019 when it was confirmed to be a low-mass star with the mass of 147.0 +39.3
−42.0 MJ,[170] making the planet above the first confirmed planet discovered ever.
(1988 – 1992) Tadmor
(Gamma Cephei Ab) 		unknown → 9.4 +0.7
−1.1[171] 		First evidence for exoplanet to receive later confirmation. First reported in 1988[172] (making it arguably the first true exoplanet discovered) and independently in 1989[173], however, retracted in 1992[174] due to the possibility that the stellar activity of the star mimics a planet not allowing a solid discovery claim and then finally confirmed in 2003.[175]
Antiquity – 1992 (or 1988) Jupiter 1
(11.209 R🜨)[5]
(71 492 km) 		# 1
(317.827 M🜨)[163]
(1.898 125 × 1027 kg) 		Oldest, largest and most massive planet in the Solar System[164] Observations date back to 7th or 8th century BC. Using an early telescope the Galilean moons were discovered in 1610, the planet hosts 95 known moons.
Reported for reference.
For earlier entries, see early speculations and discredited claims.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Based on the estimated temperature and luminosity via the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
  2. ^ Using PMS evolutionary models and a potential higher age of 1 Myr, the luminosity would be lower, and the planet would be smaller. However, this would require for the object to be closer as well, which is unlikely. Another distance estimate to the Orion Nebula Cluster would result in a luminosity 1.14 times lower and also a smaller radius.[7]
  3. ^ Instead of a photo-evaporating disk it may be an evaporating gaseous globule (EGG). If so, it has a mass of 2 - 28 MJ.[7]
  4. ^ A calculated radius thus does not need to be the radius of the (dense) core.
  5. ^ [b] [c] [d] [7]

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