Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule.[1] A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independent of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.[2][3][4]
Depending on the country, a royalist may advocate for the rule of the person who sits on the throne, a regent, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise occupy the throne but has been deposed.
^"Definition of Republic". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2017-02-18. a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch ... a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law
^"The definition of republic". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2017-02-18. a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them. ... a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of state.
^Hamilton, Alexander (1962). The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Volume 9. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN0-231-08903-1
^Madison, James (2005). Larson, Edward J.; Winship, Michael P. (eds.). The Constitutional Convention: A Narrative History from the Notes of James Madison. New York: Modern Library. pp. 50–51. ISBN978-0-8129-7517-8.
^"A lot of people of my generation have decided in part because of how important a unifier for the country the Queen has been that actually [the monarchy] is a better system – rationally." (2002)
^"The monarchy stands for everything that I love and I feel proud to be British. Yes, I am a royalist." (2007)
^Gray, Charlotte (2016). The Promise of Canada: 150 Years—People and Ideas That Have Shaped Our Country. Simon and Schuster. ISBN978-1-4767-8469-4. Back home, Cartier impressed Upper Canadians with his unabashed anglophilia: he was a passionate monarchist who named his third daughter Reine-Victoria and believed that the Conquest in 1763 had saved Lower Canada from the misery and shame of the French Revolution.
^ abcdBrouillet, Eugénie; Gagnon, Alain-G.; Laforest, Guy (2018). The Quebec Conference of 1864: Understanding the Emergence of the Canadian Federation. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 121. ISBN978-0-7735-5605-8.
^Little, John (2013). Patrician Liberal: The Public and Private Life of Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, 1829–1908. University of Toronto Press. ISBN978-1-4426-6699-3. As a Canadian nationalist and constitutional monarchist, he firmly believed that the lieutenant governor was considerably more than a figurehead...
^Chodos, Robert; Murphy, Rae; Hamovitch, Eric (1991). The Unmaking of Canada: The Hidden Theme in Canadian History Since 1945. James Lorimer Company. p. 20. ISBN1-5502-8337-5.
^Silcox, David P.; Milne, David (1996). Painting Place: The Life and Work of David B. Milne, Volume 1. University of Toronto Press. p. 206. ISBN0-8020-4095-0.
^ abBousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Garry (2002). Fifty Years the Queen: A Tribute to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on Her Golden Jubilee. Dundurn. p. 12. ISBN1-5500-2360-8.
^Coady, Mary Frances (2011). Georges and Pauline Vanier: Portrait of a Couple. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 208. ISBN978-0-7735-3883-2.
^Blake, Jason (2010). Canadian Hockey Literature: A Thematic Study. University of Toronto Press. p. 19. ISBN978-0-8020-9713-2.
^Buckner, Philip (2007). Canada and the End of Empire. UBC Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN978-0-7748-5066-7.
^Forsey, Helen (2012). Eugene Forsey, Canada's Maverick Sage: Canada's Maverick Sage. Dundurn. p. 434. ISBN978-1-4597-0243-1.
^Tombs, George (2010). Robber Baron: Lord Black of Crossharbour. ECW Press. p. 67. ISBN978-1-5549-0312-2.
^Ross, Val (2009). Robertson Davies: A Portrait in Mosaic. McClelland & Stewart. p. 96. ISBN978-1-5519-9211-2.
^Harrison, Trevor W.; Friesen, John W. (2015). Canadian Society in the Twenty-First Century, 3e: An Historical Sociological Approach. Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 208. ISBN978-1-5513-0735-0.
^"Nancy Bell, 65 independent voice in Senate", Toronto Star, December 1, 1989
^ abJackson, D. Michael (2013). The Crown and Canadian Federalism. Dundurn. ISBN978-1-4597-0990-4. [s]ome people think the NDP may want to get rid of the monarchy but I can assure you that's absolutely not the case. My Dad was a big time monarchist and so am I.
^Chrétien, Jean (2018). My Stories, My Times. Random House of Canada. ISBN978-0-7352-7735-9. Seeing me, she exclaimed, "You again!" I instantly replied, "I am the monarchist from Quebec."
^Wise, Leonard (2017). Charles Pachter: Canada's Artist. Dundurn. ISBN978-1-4597-3876-8. Paradox defines him... He's a monarchist who loves royalty, yet he delights in satirizing them.
^ abJohnson, David (2018). Battle Royal: Monarchists vs. Republicans and the Crown of Canada. Dundurn. p. 160. ISBN978-1-4597-4014-3.
^Shore, Cris; Williams, David V. (2019). The Shapeshifting Crown: Locating the State in Postcolonial New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the UK. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN978-1-1084-9646-9.
^Nagy, Zsuzsa L. (1983). The liberal opposition in Hungary, 1919–1945. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 51. ISBN9-6305-2998-X.
^Balogh, Margit (2013). "Two Visits — Two Eras: The Canadian Tours of Cardinal Joseph Mindszenty, 1947 and 1973". Hungarian Studies Review. 40 (2): 125.
^Bauer, Yehuda (1989). Remembering for the Future: Jews and Christians during and after the Holocaust. Vol. 1. Pergamon Press. p. 207. ISBN0-0803-6754-2.
^Powers, Williams F. (13 December 1994). "American Success Tory". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
^"Uneasy riders". The Economist. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
^Wheeler, Douglas L. (1998). Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 39. ISBN0-2990-7454-4.
^Brooker, Peter; Bru, Sascha; Thacker, Andrew (2013). The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines. Oxford University Press. p. 427. ISBN978-0-1996-5958-6.
^Dix, Steffan (2017). Portuguese Modernisms: Multiple Perspectives in Literature and the Visual Arts. Routledge. p. 162. ISBN978-1-3515-5360-5.
^Williams, Frederick G. (2006). Poets of Portugal: a bilingual selection of poems from the thirteenth through twentieth centuries. Luso-Brazilian Books. p. 59. ISBN0-8505-1703-6.
^Raby, D. L. (1988). Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military Dissidents in the Opposition to Salazar, 1941-1974. Manchester University Press. p. 203. ISBN0-7190-2797-7.
^Morgan, Roger; Claire, Tame (2016). Parliaments and Parties: The European Parliament in the Political Life of Europe. Springer. p. 307. ISBN978-1-3492-4387-7.
^Haynes, Rebecca; Rady, Martyn (2011). In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe. I.B.Tauris. p. 296. ISBN978-1-8451-1697-2.
^Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Volume One: A World Survey. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1975. p. 91. ISBN9-0247-1780-9.
^European Civilization: Protestantism and Catholicity Compared in their Effects on the Civilization of Europe, Chapter LVIII: Monarchy in the Sixteenth Century
^"Biography". Fundación Pedro Muñoz Seca. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
^Gibson, Ian (1997). The Shameful Life of Salvador Dalí. Faber and Faber. pp. 525–527.