The mid-late 1970s–early 1980s period in the United Kingdom introduced a movement of young musicians, generally identified as the new wave of British heavy metal (often abbreviated as NWOBHM). The movement spawned more than a thousand hard rock and heavy metal bands from all over the UK, which were more or less forcibly identified as heavy metal acts.[ 1] [ 2] Most of those bands did not survive past the mid-1980s and disbanded, but many reformed in the 2000s.[ 3]
Angel Witch
Blitzkrieg
Def Leppard Demon Diamond Head
Elixir
Girlschool
Grim Reaper
Iron Maiden
Praying Mantis
Raven
Satan Saxon
Venom
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Various Artists - New Wave of British Heavy Metal '79 Revisited review" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 7 June 2016 .
^ Shore, Robert (January 2009). "NWOBHM: 30 Years On" . Planetrock.com. Retrieved 7 June 2016 .
^ Tucker: pp. 129-154, 163-169
^ Macmillan: p.31
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Angel Witch biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 18 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.21
^ a b Tucker: p.203
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Atomkraft biography" . AllMusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 21 April 2013 .
^ Popoff: p.29
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "A II Z biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.31
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Avenger biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.32
^ "Baby Tuckoo biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.35
^ Ruhlmann, William. "Battleaxe biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.39
^ "Battlezone biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: pp.39–40
^ Ruhlmann, William. "Black Rose biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.47
^ Bleak House entry on Encyclopaedia Metallum site [1]
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Blitzkrieg biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.52
^ Popoff: p.61
^ Macmillan: p.109
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Chateaux biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.70
^ Popoff: p.72
^ Popoff: p.74
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Cloven Hoof biography" . Allmusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Dedringer biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 13 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.90
^ "DEEP MACHINE Q&A: ENGINE ROARING!" . Zero Tolerance Magazine . 26 March 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2024 .
^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas . "Def Leppard biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.92–93
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Demon biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.93–94
^ a b Tucker: p.204
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Diamond Head biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.96–97
^ Popoff: p.97
^ Macmillan: pp.186-187
^ Popoff: p.104
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "EF Band biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ a b Popoff: p.106
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Elixir biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Ethel the Frog biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.108
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Fist biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.121-122
^ a b Popoff: p.133
^ Popoff: p.135
^ "Grand Prix Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" . AllMusic . Retrieved 5 February 2024 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Grim Reaper biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.139–140
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo (20 August 2006). "Handsome Beasts biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 25 June 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.146
^ Macmillan: p.274
^ Freeman, Phil. "Hell – Human Remains review" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.158
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Hollow Ground biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ a b Tucker: p.205
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Holocaust biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.161–162
^ Huey, Steve. "Iron Maiden review" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.169-172
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Jaguar biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.175
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Jameson Raid biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ "Michael Schenker Group and Lionheart guitarist Steve Mann discuss the new MSG album and tour, upcoming Lionheart music and other ongoing projects" . Metal Rules . 3 June 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022 .
^ Prato, Greg. "Mama's Boys biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.210
^ "Marseille biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.214
^ Macmillan: p.386
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "More biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.231
^ Macmillan: p.410
^ Macmillan: p.411
^ "Nightwing biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 22 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.243
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Pagan Altar biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 22 March 2015 .
^ Marsicano, Dan. "Essential Doom Metal Albums" . About.com . Retrieved 1 July 2012 .
^ Rivdavia, Eduardo. "Persian Risk biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ a b Popoff: p.260
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Praying Mantis biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.268
^ Torreano, Bradley. "Quartz biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.271–272
^ Macmillan: p.281
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Hawaii - Loud Wild and Heavy review" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 20 August 2017 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Raven biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.283–286
^ a b c Tucker: p.206
^ "Rock Goddess biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.290
^ Macmillan: p.488
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Salem biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Huey, Steve. "Samson biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.305–307
^ neil, o'neil (6 May 2021). "NWOBHM Encyclopaedia" .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Saracen biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 13 February 2019 .
^ Popoff: pp.308
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Satan biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.309
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Savage biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.310–311
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Saxon biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.314–315
^ "Shy biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.323
^ "Spider biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: p.334
^ "Stampede biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 24 March 2015 .
^ a b Popoff: p.336
^ Popoff: p.343
^ Prato, Greg. "Sweet Savage biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Tank biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.350–351
^ Popoff: p.352
^ "Thunderstick biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Tobruk Biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 2 September 2015 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Tokyo Blade review" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.358-359
^ Popoff: p.364
^ a b Tucker: p.207
^ Stone, Doug. "Trespass biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Tygers of Pan Tang biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.371-372
^ Popoff: p.373
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Tytan biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Macmillan: p.676
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Vardis biography" . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.386
^ Popoff: pp.395–397
^ "Warfare Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" . AllMusic . Retrieved 21 February 2024 .
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "White Spirit biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: p.412
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Wild Horses biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved 25 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: pp.414–415
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Witchfinder General biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.416–417
^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Witchfynde biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved 10 February 2012 .
^ Popoff: pp.417–418
^ Tucker: p.208
^ "Wrathchild biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved 10 March 2015 .
^ Popoff: pp.419–420