Categories
List of papal conclaves
From Wikipedia - Reading time: 13 min
Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in In nomine Domini (1059), Ubi periculum (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.[1]
Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only five elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace.[2] Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (October 1187), Pisa (December 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, August–September 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (January 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) and Venice (1799–1800). Three elections moved between locations while in progress: the elections of 1268–1271, 1292–1294, and 1314–1316.
Papal elections
[edit]- Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ In the early days of the College of Cardinals, a total of seven cardinal-bishop positions existed, assuming all positions are filled at the time of an election, this represents the maximum number of potential electors. (Baumgartner, p. 27)
- ^ According to the official protocol, Gregory was selected by an assembly in St. Peter that included cardinals and priests of the church, with the consent of attending bishops and by the acclamation of the crowd. It is unclear if the new 1059 rules were followed during his election. (Baumgartner p.24)
- ^ The election took place on 24 May 1086. However, the newly elected Desiderius initially refused the position, only accepting it at the Synod of Capua in March 1087. He was crowned on 9 May 1087.
- ^ Probably the first conclave that closely followed the 1059 rules. The group that elected Urban II was larger than that which had previously elected Victor III.
- ^ The first election under the 1059 rules for which a detailed account exists. Four cadinal-bishops along with 45 other non-voting cardinals were present when Gelasius II was elected unanimously.
- ^ Gelasius II was accompanied by 4 cardinal-bishops to France, where Gelasius died. The 4 cardinals elected his chosen successor. This marks the first election and coronation of a pope far away from Rome, and confirms the 1059 provision that a small number of cardinals could elect a pope under special circumstances.
- ^ Following the death of Callixtus, the Pierleoni and Frangipani families fought over the papal election. The cardinals initially elected Celestine II (not to be confused with the later pope Celestine II), but under duress by the Frangipani renounced his election, and the Frangipani-supported Honorius II was chosen by acclaim. Honoris then renounced this irregular acclamation, and was elected using the proper procedure the next day, after the remaining electors had been either bought off or threatened by Frangipani forces.
- ^ Innocent II was elected by a small group of cardinals supporting Haimeric, the cardinal instrumental in the election of Honorius.
- ^ Anacletus was chosen by a majority of the 41 cardinals opposed to Haimeric. This marks a departure from the previous election under the 1059 rules, in which only the cardinal-bishops were eligible to vote. Despite Anacletus' stronger support among the cardinals, he failed to be recognized by the northern European monarchs, and died before his opponent innocent. Anacletus successor Victor submitted to Innocent within a year of his election, both have since been considered antipopes.
- ^ elected "entirely consistent with the decree of 1059". Unclear if that means that only the small group of cardinal-bishops voted or the entire College of Cardinals.
- ^ elected unanimously
- ^ elected unanimously
- ^ This represents the largest group of cardinal-electors since the creation of the papal conclave. (Ignoring some aberrations in the 12th century before the conclave format was fully established)
- ^ assumed
- ^ 10 hours, according to Baumgartner
- ^ 14 March 1605 – 1 April 1605
- ^ Leo XI and Cardinal Girolamo Agucchi both died, reducing the number of cardinals by two.
- ^ 8 May 1605 to 16 May 1605
- ^ 8 February 1621 to 9 February 1621
- ^ Gregory was elected by acclamation after the front-runner of the first and only ballot, Robert Bellarmine declined the position.
- ^ 19 July 1623 to 6 August 1623
- ^ No conclave between 1667 and 1830 lasted for fewer than three weeks.
- ^ 30 November 1799 to 14 March 1800
- ^ 2 September 1823 to 28 September 1823
- ^ 24 February 1829 to 31 March 1829
- ^ 14 December 1830 to 2 February 1831. No conclave since has lasted for more than one week or taken more than 14 ballots.
- ^ 14 June 1846 to 16 June 1846
- ^ 18 February 1878 to 20 February 1878
- ^ 31 July 1903 to 4 August 1903
- ^ 31 August 1914 to 3 September 1914
- ^ 2 February 1922 to 6 February 1922
- ^ 1 March 1939 to 2 March 1939
- ^ 25 October 1958 to 28 October 1958
- ^ 19 June 1963 to 21 June 1963
- ^ 25 August 1978 to 26 August 1978
- ^ 14 October 1978 to 16 October 1978
- ^ 18 April 2005 to 19 April 2005
- ^ 12 March 2013 to 13 March 2013
- ^ 7 May 2025 to 8 May 2025
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind locked doors: a history of the Papal elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29463-2.
- ^ Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigid Secrecy Found in Papal Elections". Catholic Historical Review. Vol. 89, Issue 2. pp. 165–181.
- ^ Walsh, Michael J. (2003). The Conclave. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 8. ISBN 1-58051-135-X.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 41: pp. 322–326
- ^ Greeley, Andrew M. 2005. The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0-316-86149-9.
- ^ Lyman, Eric J. (1 March 2013). "Vatican summons cardinals for conclave". USA Today. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Argentine Cardinal Bergoglio elected pope, takes name Francis". 13 March 2013.
- ^ "Entry into Conclave and Oath". Vatican.va. Retrieved 2025-05-08.
Literature
[edit]- Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
| Jurisdiction |
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headquarters | |||||
| Major basilicas | |||||
| Titles Papal names | |||||
| Symbols | |||||
| Proclamations | |||||
| Activities | |||||
| Vestments | |||||
| Transportation | |||||
| Household | |||||
| Staff | |||||
| Related | |||||
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_papal_conclaves3 views | Status: cached on May 13 2025 14:57:33↧ Download as ZWI file
EncycloReader
is supported by the 
KSF