There are many notable people associated with Lincolnshire. The following list is arranged chronologically by date of birth.
- Guthlac of Crowland (674–715), Christian saint
- Æthelhard (8th century–805), Archbishop of Canterbury
- Hereward the Wake (c. 1035–c. 1072), Anglo-Saxon nobleman
- Lucy of Bolingbroke (1074–1136), countess of Chester
- Gilbert of Sempringham (c. 1085–1190), Saint and Founder of the Gilbertine Order
- Aaron of Lincoln (c. 1125–1186), financier
- Hugh of Lincoln (1135/40–1200), Bishop of Lincoln
- Stephen Langton (c. 1150–1228), Archbishop of Canterbury
- Nicolaa de la Haye (c. 1150–1230), landowner and administrator
- Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175–1253), Bishop of Lincoln
- Berechiah de Nicole (c. 1210–c. 1270), Tosafist
- Eleanor of Castile (1241–1290), wife of Edward I
- Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln (1246–1255), blood libel victim
- Katherine Swynford (c. 1350–1403), third wife of John of Gaunt
- Henry IV of England (1367–1413), King of England
- Richard Foxe (1458–1528), bishop and founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
- John Taverner (c. 1490–1545), composer and organist
- John Whitgift (c. 1503–1604), Archbishop of Canterbury
- John Foxe (c. 1516–1587), author of Foxe's Book of Martyrs
- William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1520–1598), Chief Advisor to Queen Elizabeth I
- Anne Askew (1521–1546), Protestant martyr
- Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield (1521–1549), Baron of Sheffield
- John Sheffield, 2nd Baron Sheffield (c. 1538–1568), Baron of Sheffield
- William Byrd (1539–1623), composer
- John Smyth (c. 1554–c. 1612), founder of the Baptist denomination
- Robert Tighe (1562–1620), cleric and linguist
- Captain John Smith (1580–1631), leader of the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia
- John Cotton (1585–1652), clergyman
- Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672), poet
- John Leverett (1616–1678/79), penultimate governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Simon Patrick (1626–1707), English theologian and bishop
- Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1746), mathematician and physicist
- John Harrison (1693–1776), chronometer innovator
- William Stukeley (1687–1765), antiquarian
- John (1703-1791) and Charles Wesley (1707-1788), founders of the Methodist movement
- Benjamin Huntsman (1704-1776), inventor of crucible steel
- Joseph Banks (1743–1820), botanist and naturalist
- Samuel Eyles Pierce (1746–1829), preacher and theologian
- Thomas Scott (1747–1821), Bible commentator and co-founder of the Church Missionary Society
- George Bass (1771–c. 1803), explorer of Australia
- Matthew Flinders (1774–1814), navigator and cartographer
- Richard Watson (1781–1833), theologian and Methodist writer
- George Davenport (1783–1845), sailor and frontiersman
- Peter De Wint (1784–1849), landscape painter
- Pishey Thompson (1784–1862), publisher and antiquarian writer
- Sir John Franklin (1786–1847), Arctic explorer
- Andreas Kalvos (1792–1869), poet
- Christopher Wordsworth (1807–1885), Bishop of Lincoln
- Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809–1892), poet
- Herbert Ingram (1811–1860), journalist
- Lady Charlotte Guest (1812–1895), businesswoman and Welsh language translator
- George Boole (1815–1864), mathematician
- William Marwood (1818–1883), hangman
- Jean Ingelow (1820–1897), poet
- Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895), fashion designer
- George Bower iron founder and inventor
- Edward King (1829–1910), Bishop of Lincoln
- Charlotte Alington Barnard (1830–1869), ballad composer and hymn writer
- Joseph Ruston (1835–1897), engineer and manufacturer
- George Green (Medal of Honor) (1840–1898), Medal of Honor recipient
- Gonville Bromhead (1845–1891), Victoria Cross recipient
- Madge Kendal (1848–1935), actress
- Sarah Swift (1854–1937), Royal College of Nursing founder
- Frank Bramley (1857–1915), artist
- Adrian Woodruffe-Peacock (1858–1922), clergyman and ecologist
- William Robertson (1860–1933), Field Marshal
- Halford Mackinder (1861–1947), geographer
- Thomas Colclough Watson (1867–1917), Victoria Cross recipient
- Cyril Bland (1872–1950), cricketer
- William Tritton (1875–1946), tank developer
- Frank Pick (1878–1941), railway administrator
- Sybil Thorndike (1882–1976), actress
- Alfred Piccaver (1884–1958), tenor
- Arthur Lucan (1885–1954), part of the music hall act Old Mother Riley
- Charles Richard Sharpe (1889–1963), Victoria Cross recipient
- Harold Jackson (1892–1918), Victoria Cross recipient
- Ethel Rudkin (1893–1985), folklorist and archaeologist
- Sir Francis Hill (1899 –1980), historian and Mayor of Lincoln. Chancellor of Nottingham University.
- Frank Whittle (1907–1996), RAF officer
- John George Haigh (1909–1949), serial killer
- Douglas Bader (1910–1982), RAF flying ace
- James Cobban (1910–1999), educator and headmaster
- Chad Varah (1911–2007), priest and "The Samaritans" founder
- Ted Savage (1912–1964), footballer
- Joseph Nickerson (1914–1990), entrepreneur
- Guy Gibson (1918–1944), bomber pilot and Victoria Cross recipient
- Liz Smith (1921–2016), actress
- Leslie Manser (1922–1942), bomber pilot and Victoria Cross recipient
- Brian Tierney (1922–2019), historian
- Nicholas Parsons (1923–2020), radio and TV presenter
- Neville Marriner (1924–2016), violinist and conductor
- Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013), former Prime Minister
- Elizabeth Jennings (1926–2001), poet
- Brenda Fisher (1927–2022), swimmer
- Joan Plowright (born 1929), actress
- Jeff Hall (1929–1959), footballer
- Colin Dexter (1930–2017), crime writer
- Bill Podmore (1931–1994), television producer
- Neil McCarthy (1932–1985), actor
- Frank Sargeant (born 1932), retired Anglican bishop
- Mervyn Winfield (1932–2014), cricketer
- Bernard Codd (1934–2013), motorcycle road racer
- Victor Emery (1934–2002), physicist
- Mike Pinner (1934–2023), football goalkeeper
- Peter Collinson (1936–1980), film director
- Bruce Barrymore Halpenny (1937–2015), military historian and author
- Roy Axe (1937–2010), car designer
- Barry Spikings (born 1939), Hollywood producer
- John Alderton (born 1940), actor
- John Hurt (1940–2017), actor
- Jo Kendall (1940–2022), actress
- Ted Lewis (1940–1982), crime writer
- Graham Oates (born 1943), footballer
- John Hargreaves (born 1944), cricketer
- Tony Jacklin (born 1944), golfer
- Roger Scruton (1944–2020), philosopher
- Graham Taylor (1944–2017), footballer, club and England national team manager.
- Chris Wright (born 1944), music industry executive and businessman
- Patricia Hodge (born 1946), actress
- Iain Matthews (born 1946), singer-songwriter and musician
- Philip Priestley (1946–2022), former British diplomat
- Richard Budge (1947–2016), coal mining entrepreneur
- Mick Atkin (1948–2008), football half-back
- Ray Clemence (1948–2020), football goalkeeper
- Jim Broadbent (born 1949), actor
- Geoff Capes (1949–2024), shot putter and twice World's strongest man
- Richard P. Cook (born 1949), artist
- Rod Temperton (1949–2016), songwriter, record producer and musician
- Bernie Taupin (born 1950), songwriter
- Brian Bolland (born 1951), comics artist
- John Ward (born 1951), footballer
- David Ward (born 1953), former Member of Parliament (MP)
- Michael Foale (born 1957), astronaut
- Jennifer Saunders (born 1958), actress and comedian
- Chris Woods (born 1959), football goalkeeper
- Lee Chapman (born 1959), footballer
- Glenn Cockerill (born 1959), footballer
- Simon Garner (born 1959), footballer
- Alan Moulder (born 1959), record producer, mixing engineer and audio engineer
- John Cridland (born 1961), former Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI); Chair of Transport for the North (TfN)
- Bill Dunham (born 1961), former Deputy Commandant General of the Royal Marines
- Colin McFarlane (born 1961), actor
- Stephen Sackur (born 1964), broadcaster and journalist
- Jonathan Van-Tam (born 1964), specialist in influenza, and former Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England
- Helen Fospero (born 1966), newsreader and journalist
- Antonio Berardi (born 1968), fashion designer
- Beverley Allitt (born 1968), serial killer
- Samantha Cameron (born 1971), businesswoman and wife of the former Prime Minister David Cameron
- Rae Earl (born 1971), author
- Robert Webb (born 1972), actor, comedian and writer
- Jonathan Kerrigan (born 1972), actor
- Paul Palmer (born 1974), swimmer
- Abi Titmuss (born 1976), poker player and glamour model
- Steve Housham (born 1976), footballer and manager
- Danny Butterfield (born 1979), footballer
- Colin Furze (born 1979), inventor and YouTube personality
- Kelly Adams (born 1979), actress
- Dan Haigh (born 1980), musician
- Sheridan Smith (born 1981), actress
- Paul Mayo (born 1981), footballer
- Guy Martin (born 1981), motorcycle racer and television presenter
- Kevin Clifton (born 1982), professional dancer and actor
- Joanne Clifton (born 1983), professional dancer and actress
- Lloyd Griffith (born 1983), comedian, actor, presenter and singer
- Carl Hudson (born 1983), musician
- Ross Edgley (born 1985), extreme adventurer, ultra-marathon sea swimmer and author
- Nicola Roberts (born 1985), singer
- Oliver Ryan (born 1985), footballer
- Luke Wright (born 1985), cricketer
- Lee Frecklington (born 1985), footballer
- Kate Haywood (born 1987), swimmer
- Spencer Matthews (born 1988), television personality and entrepreneur
- Jake Quickenden (born 1988), television personality
- Emma Bristow (born 1990), motorcycle racer
- Sam Clucas (born 1990), footballer
- Georgie Twigg (born 1990), hockey player
- Sophie Wells (born 1990), para-equestrian
- Scott Williams (born 1990), darts player
- Thomas Turgoose (born 1992), actor
- Eliza Butterworth (born 1993), actress
- Patrick Bamford (born 1993), footballer
- Jack Harvey (born 1993), racing driver
- Hollie Arnold (born 1994), javelin thrower
- Ella Henderson (born 1996), singer and songwriter
- Holly Humberstone (born 1999), singer and songwriter
- Ellis Chapman (born 2001), footballer
- Ollie Chessum (Born 2000), rugby player
- Will Wand (born 2001), rugby player