This is a list of pidgins, creoles, mixed languages and cants that are based or partially based on Indo-European languages.
Pidgins[edit]
Germanic–Slavic[edit]
Robacian
English–Russian-based[edit]
Norwegian–Russian-based[edit]
Germanic[edit]
English-based[edit]
- Africa
- Asia
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- East Asia
- Oceania
- Australia
- Pacific Islands
- Micronesia
- Polinesia
- Melanesia
- North America
German-based[edit]
Indo-Aryan[edit]
Assamese-based[edit]
Hindi-based[edit]
Italic (Romance)[edit]
General Romance-based[edit]
French-based[edit]
- Africa
- West Africa
- Français Tirailleur, a Pidgin language [1] spoken in West Africa by soldiers in the French Colonial Army, approximately 1850–1960.
- Asia
Portuguese-based[edit]
Portuguese–Spanish-based[edit]
Italic (Romance)–Germanic-based[edit]
French–English-based[edit]
Different language families-based Pidgins[edit]
Indo-European–Bantu[edit]
Afrikaans–Sotho-based[edit]
Afrikaans–Sotho–Zulu[edit]
Zulu-English-Afrikaans[edit]
Creoles[edit]
Germanic[edit]
Afrikaans-based creoles[edit]
Dutch-based creoles[edit]
English-based creoles[edit]
- Atlantic
- Caribbean
- Western Caribbean
- Eastern Caribbean
- Europe
- Africa
- Suriname
- Pacific
- South East Asian
- Australia
- Pacific Islands
- Micronesia
- Polynesia
- Melanesia
German-based creole[edit]
Indo-Aryan[edit]
Assamese-based creole[edit]
Bengali-based creole[edit]
Hindi-based creole[edit]
Romani-based creole[edit]
Italic (Romance)[edit]
French-based creoles[edit]
- Americas
- Varieties with progressive aspect marker ape[2]
- Varieties with progressive aspect marker ka[3]
- Antillean Creole is a language spoken primarily in the francophone (and some of the anglophone) Lesser Antilles, such as Martinique, Guadeloupe, Îles des Saintes, Dominica, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and many other smaller islands.
- French Guianese Creole is a language spoken in French Guiana, and to a lesser degree in Suriname and Guyana.
- Karipúna French Creole, spoken in Brazil, mostly in the state of Amapá. (not confuse with Karipuna or Palikúr a native Arawakan language of Amapá State)
- Lanc-Patuá, spoken more widely in the state of Amapá, is a variety of the former, possibly the same language.
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
Spanish-based creoles[edit]
Portuguese-based creoles[edit]
- Africa
- Upper Guinea Creoles
- Gulf of Guinea creoles
- Americas
- Asia
Mixed languages[edit]
Between Indo-European languages[edit]
- Balto-Slavic
- Belarusian–Russian
- Ukrainian–Russian
- Germanic
- German–Danish
- Petuh, Danish grammar and semantics with German vocabulary.
- High German–Low German (Low Saxon)
- Missingsch, Low Saxon grammar, pronunciation, pragmatics, loanwords and substrate and German vocabulary.
- Swedish–Norwegian
- Indo-Aryan
- Para-Romani (Romani Ethnolects based on Indo-European languages, mainly Romani lexic with other languages grammars and variable Romani grammar features also)
- Romani–Other Indo-Iranian
- Romani–Domari–Armenian
- Romani–Balto-Slavic
- Romani–Germanic
- Romani–Hellenic
- Romani–Italic (Romance)
- Romani–Occitan–Iberian Romance
- Caló
- Occitan caló (Occitan: caló occitan)
- Catalan caló (Catalan: caló català)
- Spanish caló (Spanish: caló español)
- Portuguese caló (Portuguese: caló português)
- Italic (Romance)
- Estremaduran–Castilian–Portuguese
Indo-European–Other language families[edit]
- Indo-European–Eskimo–Aleutian
- Indo-European–Japanese
- Indo-European–Pama–Nyungan
- English–Warlpiri
- English–Gurindji
- Indo-European–Turkic
- Indo-European–Semitic
- Indo-European–Basque
- Indo-European–Uralic
- Indo-European–Vedda
- Indo-European–Algic
- Indo-European–Quechuan
Cant languages (Cryptolects, Secret languages)[edit]
Balto-Slavic[edit]
Bulgarian-based[edit]
Polish-based[edit]
Russian-based[edit]
Serbo-Croatian-based[edit]
Irish Gaelic-based[edit]
Scottish Gaelic-based[edit]
Germanic[edit]
Danish-based[edit]
Dutch-based[edit]
German-based[edit]
English-based[edit]
- Back slang, from London, United Kingdom
- Cockney Rhyming Slang, from London, United Kingdom
- Engsh, from Kenya
- Jejemon from the Philippines
- Polari, a general term for a diverse but unrelated groups of dialects used by actors, circus and fairground showmen, gay subculture, criminal underworld (criminals, prostitutes).[4]
- Sheng from Kenya
- Swardspeak (or Bekimon, or Bekinese), from the Philippines
- Thieves' cant (or peddler's French, or St Giles' Greek), from the United Kingdom
- Tutnese, from the United States
Scots-based[edit]
Yiddish-based[edit]
Hellenic[edit]
Greek-based[edit]
Indo-Aryan[edit]
Kohistani-based[edit]
Urdu-based[edit]
Italic (Romance)[edit]
French-based[edit]
Galician-based[edit]
Italian-based[edit]
Portuguese-based[edit]
Spanish-based[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Holm, J.A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey. Cambridge University Press. p. 357. ISBN 9780521359405. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
- ^ a b with variants ap and pe, from the koiné French progressive aspect marker àprè <après> Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert & Wittmann, Henri, Le français des Amériques, Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, pp. 281–334.[1]
- ^ from the Karipúna substratum (Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert & Wittmann, Henri, Le français des Amériques, Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, pp. 281–334.[2]
- ^ Partridge, Eric (1937) Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
External links[edit]