Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

List of rocket launch sites

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 27 min

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

This article constitutes a list of rocket launch sites. Some of these sites are known as spaceports or cosmodromes. A single rocket launch is sufficient for inclusion in the table, as long as the site is properly documented through a reference. Missile locations with no launches are not included in the list. Proposed and planned sites and sites under construction are not included in the main tabulation, but may appear in condensed lists under the tables.

A shorter list of spaceports for human spaceflight and satellite launches is available in the article Spaceport.

Table specification

[edit]

Sorting order

[edit]
  • Countries in alphabetical order within a table
  • Launch sites within a country are sorted chronologically according to start of operations

Column specification

[edit]
  • Country – territory of the site (the organisation responsible for the launches may reside elsewhere, as indicated in the notes column;
  • Location – Name of launch site (sometimes also province etc.)
  • Coordinates – geographical coordinates
  • Operational date – the period of years of launch activities
  • Number of rocket launches – the total number of launches, including failed launches
  • Heaviest rocket launched – total mass at lift-off
  • Highest achieved altitude – height in km above launch site (unless orbital)
  • Notes – comments

Major/active spaceports are shown in bold.

Africa

[edit]
Country Location Coordinates Operational date Number of rocket launches Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
French Algeria Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux (CIEES), Hammaguir 31°05′58″N 2°50′09″W / 31.09951°N 2.83581°W / 31.09951; -2.83581 (Hammaguir) 1947–1967 230   18,000 kg Orbital   Operated by France.[1]
 Algeria Reggane 26°43′08″N 0°16′37″E / 26.71895°N 0.27691°E / 26.71895; 0.27691 (Reggane) 1961–1965 10      
 Zaire Shaba North, Kapani Tonneo OTRAG Launch Center 7°55′33″S 28°31′40″E / 7.92587°S 28.52766°E / -7.92587; 28.52766 (Kapani Tonneo) 1975–1979 3     <50 km   German OTRAG rockets.[2]
 Egypt Jabal Hamzah ballistic missile test and launch facility 30°07′32.7″N 30°36′18.5″E / 30.125750°N 30.605139°E / 30.125750; 30.605139 (Jabal Hamzah) 1962–1973 6       Testing SRBMs Al Zafir and Al Kahir[3][4]
 Kenya Broglio Space Centre (San Marco), Malindi 2°56′27″S 40°12′48″E / 2.94080°S 40.21340°E / -2.94080; 40.21340 (San Marco platform) 1964–1988 27   20,000 kg   Orbital   Scout rockets, operated by ASI and Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.[5]
Libya Sabha, Tawiwa OTRAG Launch Center 26°59′38″N 14°27′51″E / 26.99392°N 14.46425°E / 26.99392; 14.46425 (Sabha) 1981–1987 2     50  km German OTRAG rockets after site in Zaire closed.[6]
 Mauritania Nouadhibou 20°55′43″N 17°01′54″W / 20.92856°N 17.03153°W / 20.92856; -17.03153 (Nouadhibou) 1973–1973 1       During a solar eclipse
 South Africa Overberg South African Test Centre 34°36′10″S 20°18′09″E / 34.60265°S 20.30248°E / -34.60265; 20.30248 (Overberg) 1986–1993, 2000s–       Launched test mission rockets only.[7]

Asia

[edit]

Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the Europe section.

Country Location Coordinates Operational date Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
 China Base 603, Shijiedu, Guangde 30°56′15″N 119°12′21″E / 30.93743°N 119.20575°E / 30.93743; 119.20575 (Shijiedu) 1960–1966 1,000 kg <60  km
 China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 40°57′38″N 100°17′54″E / 40.96056°N 100.29833°E / 40.96056; 100.29833 (Jiuquan) 1970– 464,000 kg Orbital   Human spaceflight[8]
 China Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center 38°50′56.71″N 111°36′30.59″E / 38.8490861°N 111.6084972°E / 38.8490861; 111.6084972 (Taiyuan) 1980– 249,000 kg Orbital   Polar satellites[9]
 China Xichang Satellite Launch Center 28°14′47″N 102°01′41″E / 28.24646°N 102.02814°E / 28.24646; 102.02814 (Xichang) 1984– 459,000 kg Lunar   Geo-synchronous satellites, lunar probes.[10][11]
 China Wenchang Satellite Launch Center 19°36′52.17″N 110°57′4.08″E / 19.6144917°N 110.9511333°E / 19.6144917; 110.9511333 (Wenchang) 2016– 879,000 kg Interplanetary   New site on Hainan Island with pads for Long March 5 and Long March 7 rockets
 China Jingyu 42°00′N 126°30′E / 42.0°N 126.5°E / 42.0; 126.5 (Jingyu)    
 India Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (Thumba Equatorial), Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala 8°31′53″N 76°52′08″E / 8.5314°N 76.8690°E / 8.5314; 76.8690 (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre) 1962–   Orbital  Primarily used as the launch site for Sounding rockets.[12]
 India Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range), Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 13°44′15″N 80°14′06″E / 13.73740°N 80.23510°E / 13.73740; 80.23510 (Sriharikota) 1971– 690,000 kg Interplanetary  Polar and Geosynchronous Satellites; Lunar and Mars probes.[13]
 India Abdul Kalam Island, Bhadrak District, Odisha 20°45′29″N 87°05′08″E / 20.75804°N 87.085533°E / 20.75804; 87.085533 (Dr.Abdul kalam Island) 1980–   Sub-Orbital  Military integrated testing range for advanced guided missiles.[14]
 Indonesia LAPAN Rocket Launcher Station, Pameungpeuk, Garut 7°38′48″S 107°41′20″E / 7.646643°S 107.689018°E / -7.646643; 107.689018 (Pameungpeuk) 1965– 765 kg   100 km  
 Iran Qom Space Center 34°39′00″N 50°54′00″E / 34.65000°N 50.90000°E / 34.65000; 50.90000 (Qom) 1991     Military testing[15]
 Iran Shahroud Space Center 36°25′12″N 55°01′12″E / 36.42000°N 55.02000°E / 36.42000; 55.02000 (Emamshahr) 1998–   Orbital  Military tests and missile sounding for ISA Under the control of IRGCASF[16]
 Iran Semnan spaceport 35°14′05″N 53°55′15″E / 35.234631°N 53.920941°E / 35.234631; 53.920941 (Semnan) 2009–   Orbital  
 Iraq Al-Anbar Test Center 32°46′56″N 44°17′59″E / 32.78220°N 44.29962°E / 32.78220; 44.29962 (Al-Anbar) 1989 48,000 kg     Out of function[17]

Al-Abid

 Israel Palmachim Air Force Base 31°53′05″N 34°40′49″E / 31.88484°N 34.68020°E / 31.88484; 34.68020 (Palmachim) 1987– 70000 kg   Orbital   [18]
 Japan Akita Rocket Range 39°34′17″N 140°03′28″E / 39.57148°N 140.05785°E / 39.57148; 140.05785 (Akita) 1956–1990   343 km
 Japan Uchinoura Space Center 31°15′07″N 131°04′45″E / 31.25186°N 131.07914°E / 31.25186; 131.07914 (Uchinoura) 1962– 139,000 kg Interplanetary   [19]
 Japan Taiki Multi-Purpose Aerospace Park, Taiki, Hokkaido 42°18′00″N 143°15′46″E / 42.3000°N 143.2629°E / 42.3000; 143.2629 (Taiki) 2010– 1,000 kg 115 km Suborbital and future orbital launch site for Interstellar Technologies and Space Walker [ja]
 Japan Tanegashima Space Center, Tanegashima Island 30°23′27″N 130°58′05″E / 30.39096°N 130.96813°E / 30.39096; 130.96813 (Tanegashima) 1967– 445,000 kg Interplanetary   [20]
 Japan Spaceport Kii, Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture 33°33′03″N 135°52′47″E / 33.550833°N 135.879722°E / 33.550833; 135.879722 (Space Port Kii) 2024– Orbital Orbital launch site for Space One[21]
 Japan Ryori[22] 39°01′48″N 141°49′48″E / 39.03000°N 141.83000°E / 39.03000; 141.83000 (Ryori) 1970–2001     Sounding rocket launch site for the Japan Meteorological Agency
 Japan Niijima [ja] 34°20′16″N 139°15′57″E / 34.33766°N 139.26575°E / 34.33766; 139.26575 (Niijima) 1963–1965     Eighteen launches of small rockets[23][24]
 Japan Obachi[25] 40°42′12″N 141°22′10″E / 40.70342°N 141.36938°E / 40.70342; 141.36938 (Obachi) 1961–   105 km balloon-launched Kappa sounding rockets[25]
 Soviet Union/ Kazakhstan

(Operated by  Russia)

Baikonur Cosmodrome, Tyuratam 45°57′19″N 63°21′01″E / 45.95515°N 63.35028°E / 45.95515; 63.35028 (Baikonur) 1955– 2,400,000 kg Interplanetary   First satellite, first human in space. Operated by Russia.[26]
 Soviet Union/ Kazakhstan

(Partly operated by  Russia)

Sary Shagan[citation needed] 46°22′48″N 72°52′12″E / 46.38000°N 72.87000°E / 46.38000; 72.87000 (Sary Shagan) 1958–     Military testing ground for anti-missile weapons. Part of the testing ground is rented by Russian Ministry of Defense.
 North Korea Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground 40°51′21″N 129°39′57″E / 40.85572°N 129.66587°E / 40.85572; 129.66587 (Musudan-ri) 1998–     Military rockets; satellite launch[27]
 North Korea Sohae Satellite Launching Station 39°39′36″N 124°42′18″E / 39.660°N 124.705°E / 39.660; 124.705 (Sohae) 2012–     Military rockets; satellite launch[28]
 South Korea Anheung Proving Ground 36°42′08″N 126°28′18″E / 36.70211°N 126.47158°E / 36.70211; 126.47158 (Anheung) 1993–    
 South Korea Naro Space Center, Goheung 34°25′33″N 127°31′41″E / 34.42585°N 127.52793°E / 34.42585; 127.52793 (Naro) 2008– 200,000 kg  Orbital   Attempted satellite launches[29]
 Maldives Gan Island 0°41′36″S 73°09′24″E / 0.69328°S 73.15672°E / -0.69328; 73.15672 (Gan Island)     Several rockets of the Kookaburra type were launched from a pad at 0°41' S and 73°9' E[30]
 Pakistan Sonmiani Satellite Launch Center, Las Bela, Balochistan 25°11′33″N 66°44′56″E / 25.19242°N 66.74881°E / 25.19242; 66.74881 (Sonmiani) 1960s–[31]     Sounding rockets & missile testing for SUPARCO[32]
 Soviet Union Kheysa 80°27′00″N 58°03′00″E / 80.45000°N 58.05000°E / 80.45000; 58.05000 (Kheysa) 1956–2008     Arctic sounding rocket launch site
 Soviet Union/  Russia Svobodny Cosmodrome, Amur Oblast 51°50′04″N 128°16′33″E / 51.83441°N 128.27570°E / 51.83441; 128.27570 (Svobodny) 1957–2007 47,000 kg   Orbital   ICBM base converted for satellites[33]
 Soviet Union Sovetskaya Gavan 48°58′12″N 140°18′00″E / 48.97000°N 140.30000°E / 48.97000; 140.30000 (Sovetskaya Gavan) 1963–1964   402 km
 Soviet Union/  Russia Okhotsk[citation needed] 59°22′N 143°15′E / 59.367°N 143.250°E / 59.367; 143.250 (Okhotsk) 1981–2005   1000 km
 Russia Yasny Cosmodrome (formerly Dombarovsky), Orenburg Oblast 51°12′25″N 59°51′00″E / 51.20706°N 59.85003°E / 51.20706; 59.85003 (Dombarovskiy) 2006– 211,000 kg Orbital   ICBM base converted for satellites[34]
 Russia Vostochny Cosmodrome, Amur Oblast[35] 51°52′59″N 128°19′59″E / 51.883°N 128.333°E / 51.883; 128.333 (Vostochny) 2016–[36]     Facility on Russian territory to supplement Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan
 Taiwan Gangzi Station, Haiqian, Pingtung County 22°06′N 120°54′E / 22.10°N 120.90°E / 22.10; 120.90 (Gangzi) 1988– 10,000 kg 300 km Science and technology development
 Taiwan Nantian Launch Facility, Taitung County 22°15′44″N 120°53′25″E / 22.26212°N 120.89037°E / 22.26212; 120.89037 (Nantian), 2016–     Used by TiSPACE for testing and launching

Proposed or planned spaceports and rocket launch sites in Asia

[edit]

Europe

[edit]

Note that some European countries operate spaceports in Africa, South America, or other equatorial regions. These spaceports are listed in this article according to their geographical location. Some Russian-controlled launch sites are listed as being in Asia. Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the section Asia.

[40]

Country Location Coordinates Operational date Number of rocket launches Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
 Bulgaria Ahtopol 42°05′09″N 27°57′18″E / 42.085846°N 27.955125°E / 42.085846; 27.955125 (Ahtopol) 1984–1990 28 475 kg 90 km
 France Ile du Levant 43°02′42″N 6°28′44″E / 43.04507°N 6.47887°E / 43.04507; 6.47887 (Ile de Levant) 1948–1970s       Missile test site
 Germany Rocket Launch Site Berlin, Berlin-Tegel 52°21′00″N 13°12′36″E / 52.35000°N 13.21000°E / 52.35000; 13.21000 (Raketenflugplatz Tegel) 1930–1933     4 km
 Germany Peenemünde/Greifswalder Oie 54°08′35″N 13°47′38″E / 54.14300°N 13.79400°E / 54.14300; 13.79400 (Peenemünde Greifswalder Oie) 1942–1945 3000+   12,500 kg 175 km V-2 rockets during World War II, first rocket to reach space 20 June 1944
 West Germany Cuxhaven 53°50′56″N 8°35′30″E / 53.84884°N 8.59154°E / 53.84884; 8.59154 (Cuxhaven)) 1945–1964     >110 km
 West Germany Hespenbusch, Großenkneten 52°56′20″N 8°18′45″E / 52.939002°N 8.312515°E / 52.939002; 8.312515 (Hespenbusch) 1952–1957     <10 km
 Germany Zingst 54°26′24″N 12°47′04″E / 54.44008°N 12.78431°E / 54.44008; 12.78431 (Zingst) 1970–1992 67   130 kg 80 km
 Greece Koroni 36°46′11″N 21°55′54″E / 36.7698°N 21.9316°E / 36.7698; 21.9316 (Koroni) 1966–1989 371     114 km
 Italy Salto di Quirra 39°31′38″N 9°37′59″E / 39.52731°N 9.63303°E / 39.52731; 9.63303 (Salto di Quirra) 1964–[citation needed]      
 Norway Andøya Space Center 69°17′39″N 16°01′15″E / 69.29430°N 16.02070°E / 69.29430; 16.02070 (And?ya) 1962– 1200+   800 kg   Rockets to the upper atmosphere.[41]
 Norway Marka 58°12′00″N 7°18′00″E / 58.20000°N 7.30000°E / 58.20000; 7.30000 (Marka) 1983–1984   16 kg  
 Norway SvalRak 78°13′24″N 15°38′49″E / 78.2234°N 15.6470°E / 78.2234; 15.6470 (SvalRak) 1997–[citation needed]      
Nazi-occupied Poland SS-Proving Ground Westpreußen today Poland (Tuchola Forest) 53°37′11″N 17°59′06″E / 53.61970°N 17.98492°E / 53.61970; 17.98492 (Tuchola Forest) 1944–1945       Nazi-German V-2 rockets
 Germany Leba in Pommern since 1945 part of Poland 54°46′09″N 17°35′37″E / 54.76904°N 17.59355°E / 54.76904; 17.59355 (Łeba) 1941–1945       Nazi-German rockets
 Poland Łeba-Rąbka[citation needed] 54°45′16″N 17°31′05″E / 54.754486°N 17.517919°E / 54.754486; 17.517919 (Łeba) 1963–1973 36       Polish rockets
Nazi-occupied Poland V-2 missile launch site, Blizna 50°10′55″N 21°36′58″E / 50.18190°N 21.61620°E / 50.18190; 21.61620 (Blizna) 1943–1944[citation needed] 139       Nazi-German V-2 rockets
 Soviet Union/ Russia Kapustin Yar Cosmodrome, Astrakhan Oblast 48°34′41″N 46°15′15″E / 48.57807°N 46.25420°E / 48.57807; 46.25420 (Kapustin Yar) 1957–[citation needed]     Orbital   Previously for satellite launches[42]
 Soviet Union/ Russia Nyonoksa 64°38′57″N 39°11′14″E / 64.64928°N 39.18721°E / 64.64928; 39.18721 (Nyonoksa) 1965–1997[citation needed]      
 Soviet Union/ Russia Plesetsk Cosmodrome 62°55′32″N 40°34′40″E / 62.92556°N 40.57778°E / 62.92556; 40.57778 (Plesetsk Cosmodrome) 1966– 1000+   760,000 kg Orbital  
 Spain El Arenosillo 37°05′49″N 6°44′19″W / 37.09687°N 6.73863°W / 37.09687; -6.73863 (El Arenosillo) 1966–[citation needed] 500+     720 km[43] Formerly used only by INTA, now used by Zero 2 Infinity and PLD Space
 Sweden Nausta 66°21′26″N 19°16′33″E / 66.357202°N 19.275813°E / 66.357202; 19.275813 (Nausta) 1961–1961[44] 1   30 kg   <80 km   Plutnik rocket.[44]
 Sweden Kronogård 66°24′53″N 19°16′36″E / 66.4147°N 19.2767°E / 66.4147; 19.2767 (Kronogård) 1961–1964 18   700 kg 135 km Arcas, Nike-Cajun and Nike-Apache rockets for atmospheric research.
 Sweden Esrange, Kiruna 67°53′36″N 21°06′15″E / 67.89342°N 21.10429°E / 67.89342; 21.10429 (Kiruna) 1966– 450   12,400 kg   717 km   Operated by ESRO.[45] Operated by SSC since 1972.[45] Major programmes: Maxus, TEXUS, Maser, stratospheric balloons.
 United Kingdom South Uist 57°19′48″N 7°19′48″W / 57.33000°N 7.33000°W / 57.33000; -7.33000 (South Uist) 1959, 2015, 2022 2 1300~ kg   First test launch in 1959. First space launch from the UK took place here in October 2015 as part of 'At Sea Demonstration 15' of an American 'Terrier-Orion' sounding rocket.[46]

Proposed or planned spaceports in Europe

[edit]

North America

[edit]
Country Location Coordinates Operational date Number of rocket launches Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
 Canada Churchill Rocket Research Range, Manitoba 58°44′03″N 93°49′13″W / 58.73430°N 93.82030°W / 58.73430; -93.82030 (Fort Churchill) 1954–1998 3500+     Canadian Army[55]
 Canada Resolute Bay, Nunavut 74°41′13″N 94°53′46″W / 74.6870°N 94.8962°W / 74.6870; -94.8962 (Resolute Bay) 1966–1971 17       National Research Council Canada[56]
 Canada Hall Beach, Nunavut 68°46′34″N 81°14′36″W / 68.77607°N 81.24346°W / 68.77607; -81.24346 (Hall Beach) 1971–1971 7     270 km
 Canada Southend, Saskatchewan 56°12′N 103°08′W / 56.20°N 103.14°W / 56.20; -103.14 (Southend) 1980 2   1,200 kg  
 Canada Maritime Spaceport, Canso, Nova Scotia 45°18′25″N 60°59′16″W / 45.30688°N 60.98767°W / 45.30688; -60.98767 (Canso) 2019– 0     Launch site for Cyclone-4M and possibly for Ariane 62 or Vega C[57][58]
 Greenland ( Denmark) Pituffik Space Base 76°25′26″N 68°17′37″W / 76.4240°N 68.2936°W / 76.4240; -68.2936 (Thule) 1964–1980       Former US Air Force launch site[59]
 United States Clark University Physics Laboratory, Worcester, Massachusetts 42°15′04″N 71°49′23″W / 42.250977°N 71.823169°W / 42.250977; -71.823169 1914–1920s ≈10     Robert H. Goddard's first experimental rockets, starting with powder-based fuels. Was also site of liquid rocket engine tests before being launched in nearby Auburn.[60]: 74 
 United States Goddard Test Site, Auburn, Massachusetts 42°13′08″N 71°48′43″W / 42.21882°N 71.81194°W / 42.21882; -71.81194 1925–1930 5     Open field chosen as rocket test site in 1925; launch site of Robert H. Goddard's first liquid fuel rockets beginning on 16 March 1926.[60]: 143 
 United States Eden Valley Test Site, Roswell, New Mexico 33°37′34″N 104°30′00″W / 33.62600°N 104.50000°W / 33.62600; -104.50000 1930–1941 >30     Used for Goddard's later rocket tests.
 United States Wallops Flight Facility, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia 37°50′46″N 75°28′46″W / 37.84621°N 75.47938°W / 37.84621; -75.47938 (Wallops Island) 1945– 1600+     Now operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.[61]
 United States White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico 32°33′53″N 106°21′33″W / 32.56460°N 106.35908°W / 32.56460; -106.35908 (White Sands) 1945– 7500+     Military and civilian flights. Served as alternate landing site for the Space Shuttle.[62]
 United States Nevada Test and Training Range (formerly Nellis Air Force Range) 36°46′17″N 116°06′49″W / 36.77150°N 116.11374°W / 36.77150; -116.11374 (Nevada Test and Training Range) 1946–1960s 2000+     [63]
 United States Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska 65°07′34″N 147°28′44″W / 65.12599°N 147.47894°W / 65.12599; -147.47894 (Poker Flat) 1949– 5000+     Sounding rocket launch site
 United States Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida 28°28′00″N 80°33′31″W / 28.46675°N 80.55852°W / 28.46675; -80.55852 (Cape Canaveral) 1949– 1000+   Interstellar   Commercial and U.S. Government uncrewed missions. Adjacent to NASA KSC.
 United States Vandenberg Space Force Base, California 34°46′19″N 120°36′04″W / 34.77204°N 120.60124°W / 34.77204; -120.60124 (Vandenberg) 1958– 500+   Interplanetary  Satellites, ballistic missile tests. Government and commercial launches.[64] Also launches SpaceX rockets.
 United States Kennedy Space Center, Florida 28°36′30″N 80°36′14″W / 28.6082°N 80.6040°W / 28.6082; -80.6040 (Kennedy Space Center) 1962– 151   3,000,000 kg Interplanetary   Launched each NASA crewed mission. Adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
 United States Pacific Missile Range Facility, Hawaii 22°01′22″N 159°47′06″W / 22.02278°N 159.785°W / 22.02278; -159.785 1963–       Used for testing of antiballistic missile and missile tracking by the US Navy.
 United States Keweenaw, Michigan 47°25′47″N 87°42′52″W / 47.42980°N 87.71443°W / 47.42980; -87.71443 (Keweenaw) 1964–1971[65] 50+ 770 kg <160 km Sounding rocket launch site. Currently inactive.
 United States Pacific Spaceport Complex, Kodiak, Alaska 57°26′07″N 152°20′22″W / 57.43533°N 152.33931°W / 57.43533; -152.33931 (Kodiak) 1991– 26   86,000 kg Orbital   Ballistic missile interceptor tests, satellite launches. Alaska Aerospace Corporation.[66]
 United States Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS), Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia 37°50′00″N 75°29′00″W / 37.833378°N 75.483284°W / 37.833378; -75.483284 (Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport) 1995– 22   89,805 kg Lunar   Operates in partnership with NASA, adjacent to Wallops Flight Facility. Designed for both commercial and government launches.[67] In 2019, Rocket Lab built their first US launch facility here.[68]
 United States Mojave Air and Space Port, California 35°03′33″N 118°08′56″W / 35.05910°N 118.14880°W / 35.05910; -118.14880 (Mojave) 2003– 20+   112 km Adjacent to Edwards AFB. Privately funded, horizontal-launch spaceport. Xoie, Xombie, Xodiac (Masten Space Systems); SpaceShipOne, SpaceShipTwo (Scaled Composites, Virgin Galactic); Launcher One (Virgin Orbit).
 United States Spaceport America, Upham, New Mexico 32°53′22″N 106°59′58″W / 32.88943°N 106.99945°W / 32.88943; -106.99945 (Spaceport America) 2006– 50+     Sub-orbital commercial and planned space tourist launches. Operated by the state of New Mexico with Virgin Galactic as the anchor tenant.[69][70][71][72] Adjacent to White Sands Missile Range.
 United States Corn Ranch, Van Horn, Texas 31°15′09″N 104°27′12″W / 31.2524°N 104.4532°W / 31.2524; -104.4532 (Corn Ranch) 2006– 20   ~105 km Used by Blue Origin for suborbital launches and engine tests.
 United States Spaceport Camden, Camden County, Georgia 30°33′14″N 81°18′19″W / 30.5539°N 81.3053°W / 30.5539; -81.3053 (Camden) 2016–2019 2   ~10 km Originally Thiokol rocket testing facility. Used by Vector Space for testing and launching. Project and site abandoned in 2023 due to local pushback and financial issues.
 United States SpaceX Starbase Spaceport, Boca Chica, Texas 25°59′46″N 97°09′14″W / 25.996°N 97.154°W / 25.996; -97.154 (Boca Chica) 2018– ~10 ~5,000,000 kg Orbital   Site originally planned for Falcon rockets, now used exclusively by SpaceX for Starship/SuperHeavy testing and launching.
 United States Maine Spaceport Complex, Washington County, Maine 44°26′40″N 67°36′00″W / 44.4444°N 67.6000°W / 44.4444; -67.6000 (Maine Spaceport Complex) 2020– 1   ~2 km Launch site to be used for suborbital and polar low-Earth orbital launch on the east coast by companies BluShift Aerospace and VALT Enterprises[73][74] and funded by Maine Space Grant Consortium.

Additional rocket launch sites in North America

[edit]

Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.

Proposed or planned spaceports in North America

[edit]

South America

[edit]
Country Location Coordinates Operational date Number of rocket launches Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
 Argentina Pampa de Achala 31°35′00″S 64°50′00″W / 31.5833°S 64.8333°W / -31.5833; -64.8333 (Pampa de Achala) 1961–1962 8   28 kg   25 km   First Argentine launch site
 Argentina CELPA 30°07′39″S 66°20′27″W / 30.12737°S 66.34082°W / -30.12737; -66.34082 (CELPA) 1962–1991, 2010– 100 (approximately)  933 kg   550 km   Military Launch Test Site (CITIDEF)
 Argentina Las Palmas 27°05′43″S 58°45′13″W / 27.09531°S 58.75352°W / -27.09531; -58.75352 (Las Palmas) 1966–1966 2   3,400 kg   270 km   During a solar eclipse, with Titus rockets.
 Argentina Tartagal 22°45′42″S 63°49′26″W / 22.76158°S 63.82381°W / -22.76158; -63.82381 (Tartagal) 1966–1966       During a solar eclipse
 Argentina Mar Chiquita 37°43′27″S 57°24′18″W / 37.72427°S 57.40512°W / -37.72427; -57.40512 (Mar Chiquita) 1968–1972 11      
 Argentina Villa Reynolds 33°43′29″S 65°22′38″W / 33.72460°S 65.37730°W / -33.72460; -65.37730 (Villa Reynolds) 1973–1973 2      
 Argentina Serrezuela 30°38′00″S 65°23′00″W / 30.6333°S 65.3833°W / -30.6333; -65.3833 (Serrezuela) 2009 1   500 kg   40 km   Military test (Gradicom I)
 Argentina Punta Indio 35°31′26″S 57°11′02″W / 35.523889°S 57.183889°W / -35.523889; -57.183889 (Punta Indio) 2011– 3   7,076 kg  [84] 2.2 km   Civilian Launch Test Site (CONAE)
 Argentina Puerto Belgrano 38°57′46″S 61°42′54″W / 38.9628°S 61.715°W / -38.9628; -61.715 (Puerto Belgrano) 2014– Launch pad for Tronador II under construction (CONAE)
 Brazil Natal-Barreira do Inferno 5°51′58″S 35°22′59″W / 5.86600°S 35.38300°W / -5.86600; -35.38300 (Natal) 1965– 233   7,270 kg   1100 km  
 Brazil Praia do Cassino 32°05′00″S 52°10′02″W / 32.08338°S 52.16725°W / -32.08338; -52.16725 (Praia do Cassino) 1966–1966 27      
 Brazil Alcântara Launch Center, Maranhão 2°18′58″S 44°22′03″W / 2.3160°S 44.3676°W / -2.3160; -44.3676 (Alcantara) 1990– 47   6,737 kg   956 km   Brazilian Air Force, Brazilian Space Agency. Planned satellite launches.
 French Guiana Guiana Space Centre, Kourou 5°14′15″N 52°46′10″W / 5.23739°N 52.76950°W / 5.23739; -52.76950 (Kourou) 1968– <200   777,000 kg   Interplanetary   Operated by CNES for ESA; launch base for Arianespace. Commercial and governmental launches.
 Peru Chilca Launch Range 12°30′17″S 76°47′55″W / 12.50477°S 76.79849°W / -12.50477; -76.79849 (Chilca Launch Range) 1974-1983 <65     590 km   Sounding rocket launch location.[85]
 Peru Chilca PLOB, Punta Lobos Range 12°30′00″S 76°48′00″W / 12.50000°S 76.8000°W / -12.50000; -76.8000 (Punta Lobos Range) 1983 32   2,000 kg   590 km   Sounding rocket launch location. Possibly part of, or identical to, Chilca Launch Range.

[86][87]

Dutch Suriname Coronie 5°52′21″N 56°17′21″W / 5.87241°N 56.28908°W / 5.87241; -56.28908 (Coronie) 1965–1965 4     205 km  

Oceania

[edit]
Country Location Coordinates Operational date Number of rocket launches Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
 Australia Woomera Test Range, SA 30°57′31″S 136°30′13″E / 30.95875°S 136.50366°E / -30.95875; 136.50366 (Woomera) 1950s–   28,000 kg   Orbital   Australian government research facility. Missile testing, 2 satellite launches.
 Australia Carnarvon, WA 24°29′08″S 113°24′31″E / 24.48564°S 113.40866°E / -24.48564; 113.40866 (Carnarvon) 1964–1965 12     120 km  
 Australia Lancelin, WA 30°58′59″S 115°19′04″E / 30.98309°S 115.31774°E / -30.98309; 115.31774 (Lancelin) 1974–1974 2       During a total solar eclipse
 Australia Koonibba Test Range, SA 31°53′08″S 133°26′55″E / 31.885558°S 133.448686°E / -31.885558; 133.448686 (Koonibba Test Range) 2019– 4   85 km   Used by Southern Launch for suborbital launch tests
 Australia Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex, SA 34°56′02″S 135°39′08″E / 34.934°S 135.6523°E / -34.934; 135.6523 (Lancelin) 2020– Used by Southern Launch for orbital polar launches
 Australia Arnhem Space Centre, NT 12°22′41″S 136°49′17″E / 12.378021°S 136.821402°E / -12.378021; 136.821402 (Arnhem Space Centre) 2021– 2   327 km   First NASA launches outside USA. Australia's first commercial launches
 Marshall Islands Reagan Test Site, Omelek Island, Kwajalein Atoll 9°02′53″N 167°44′35″E / 9.048167°N 167.743083°E / 9.048167; 167.743083 (Omelek) 1950s–   39,000 kg   Orbital   US-controlled ICBM base converted for satellites. SpaceX Falcon 1. Close to the equator.
 New Zealand Birdling's Flat 43°49′01″S 172°40′59″E / 43.81700°S 172.68300°E / -43.81700; 172.68300 (Carnarvon) 1980s– 10<       Used for sounding rockets. Formerly proposed launch site for Rocket Lab, never developed.
 New Zealand Great Mercury Island 36°21′18″S 175°27′36″E / 36.35511°S 175.46006°E / -36.35511; 175.46006 (Great Mercury Island) 2009 1 60  kg 120  km Used for the first launch by Rocket Lab of their Atea 1 suborbital rocket.
 New Zealand Mahia Peninsula 39°15′38″S 177°51′52″E / 39.26044°S 177.86431°E / -39.26044; 177.86431 (Mahia Peninsula) 2017– 42[88] 13,000 kg[89] Lunar   Launch site built and operated by Rocket Lab. First commercial spaceport in the southern hemisphere.

Past and/or planned only

[edit]

Launches at sea

[edit]
Country Location Coordinates Operational date Number of rocket launches Heaviest rocket launched Highest achieved altitude Notes
Ocean Odyssey complex Mobile 1999– 30   462,000 kg   Orbital   Mobile satellite launch platform operated by Sea Launch. Uses a converted oil platform that plies between Long Beach, California, where a Zenit-3SL rocket is collected, and the equator, where the rocket is launched.
 Russia Russian Delta class submarines Mobile 1998– 2   30,000 kg   Orbital   Launch of uncrewed satellites into Earth orbit via converted SLBM missile Shtil from the Barents Sea.
 Denmark MLP Sputnik 55°02′57″N 15°36′11″E / 55.04917°N 15.60306°E / 55.04917; 15.60306 2010– 4   1,630 kg   8.2 km   Mobile satellite launch platform operated by Copenhagen Suborbitals.

Additional rocket launch sites in the oceans and Antarctica

[edit]

Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Hammaguira". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  2. ^ "Kapani Tonneo". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  3. ^ "Jabal Hamzah". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Egypt – Missile". NTI (Nuclear Threat Initiative). James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016.
  5. ^ "San Marco". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  6. ^ "Tawiwa". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  7. ^ "Overberg". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  8. ^ "Jiuquan". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  9. ^ "Taiyuan". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on August 29, 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  10. ^ ""嫦娥一号"发射时间确定 但未到公布时机". XINHUA Online. July 7, 2007. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
  11. ^ "Xichang". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  12. ^ Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) Archived 2006-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, ISRO
  13. ^ "Sriharikota". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  14. ^ "India Fourth To Test ASAT, Pioneered By US, Soviet Union 60 Years Ago". NDTV India. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  15. ^ "Qom". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  16. ^ "Emamshahr". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  17. ^ "Al Anbar". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  18. ^ "Palmachim". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on June 12, 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  19. ^ "Kagoshima". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  20. ^ "Tanegashima". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  21. ^ "Space Port Kii". SPACE ONE. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  22. ^ 気象ロケット観測30年報 (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Business Support Center. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  23. ^ 札幌試験場視察 [Visit to Sapporo Proving Ground] (PDF). Electronic Equipment Research Institute / Advanced Technology Promotion Center Headquarters Kobo [newsletter] (in Japanese). No. 503. General Affairs Division, General Affairs Department, Technology Research Headquarters, Ministry of Defense. 8 March 2010. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2016.
  24. ^ "Niijima". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 21 November 2019.
  25. ^ a b "Obachi". Astronautix.com. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
  26. ^ "Baikonur". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013.
  27. ^ "Musudan". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  28. ^ "Sohae Satellite Launching Station : Facilities". Nti.org. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  29. ^ "Goheung". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  30. ^ "Kookaburra". Archived from the original on 2008-10-15. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  31. ^ Missile Facilities – Flight Test Range, Sonmiani Beach Archived 2009-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, NTI
  32. ^ "Sonmiani". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  33. ^ "Svobodniy". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  34. ^ "Dombarovsky". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  35. ^ "New Russian spaceport: Vostochny Cosmodrome". Archived from the original on 2011-04-10. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
  36. ^ "First rocket launch from Russia's Far Eastern Vostochny spaceport". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  37. ^ ISRO plan more launches, Rediff, January 05, 2014
  38. ^ "北海道スペースポート｜HOKKAIDO SPACEPORT". Hokkaido Spaceport. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
  39. ^ "Interstellar Technologies Inc. - Launch Complex". Interstellar Technologies Inc. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
  40. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2020). Weapons and Warfare: From Ancient and Medieval Times to the 21st Century. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4408-6728-6.
  41. ^ "Andoya". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  42. ^ "Kapustin Yar". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  43. ^ "El Arenosillo Launch Log".
  44. ^ a b "Sweden's First Rocket Launch". Norrbottens Museum. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
  45. ^ a b "Kiruna". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2003. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  46. ^ "Hebrides rocket launch: The space milestone we almost missed". BBC Scotland News. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  47. ^ "SSC - Swedish Space Corporation - SSC". Ssc.se. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  48. ^ Whitehouse, Richard; Smith, Colleen (4 July 2018). "Spaceport 'positive announcement' as Newquay bids to be first in Europe". cornwalllive.
  49. ^ "BBC". BBC News. 9 November 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  50. ^ Scottish spaceport formally approved by Highland Council, William Graham, NasaSpaceFlight.com, 20 August 2020.
  51. ^ "Público". 21 December 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  52. ^ fiskeridepartementet, Nærings-og (2019-12-13). "Meld. St. 10 (2019–2020)". Regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  53. ^ "El digital de Canarias". Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  54. ^ "Virgin space companies sign new agreements with Italy". 8 July 2018.
  55. ^ "Fort Churchill". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  56. ^ "Resolute Bay". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  57. ^ "T-minus 1 year until rocket launch site construction starts in Nova Scotia – Nova Scotia – CBC News". CBC.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
  58. ^ "It is rocket science: New details revealed about proposed space port in Nova Scotia". CBC.ca. 2017-04-11. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
  59. ^ "Thule AFB". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  60. ^ a b Lehman, Milton (1988). Robert H. Goddard: Pioneer of Space Research. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80331-4.
  61. ^ Black, Patrick (20 April 2015). "About Wallops". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  62. ^ White Sands Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, Astronautix
  63. ^ "Nevada Test Site". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2003. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  64. ^ "Vandenberg –". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  65. ^ Crapsey, Aaron (October 15, 2016). "Keweenaw Rocket Range". Military History of the Upper Great Lakes. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
  66. ^ Kodiak Launch Complex Archived 2009-06-07 at the Wayback Machine, AADC
  67. ^ "Welcome to Virginia Space". Marsspaceport.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  68. ^ "Rocket Lab Opens Launch Complex 2". 16 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  69. ^ Alba, Diana M. (2009-01-01). "Virgin Galactic signs Spaceport America lease". Las Cruces Sun-News. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  70. ^ "Governor Bill Richardson Announces Spaceport America and Virgin Galactic Sign Historic Lease Agreement" (Press release). New Mexico Spaceport Authority. 2008-12-31. Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  71. ^ "Spaceport America - The world's invitation to space". Spaceportamerica.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  72. ^ "Spaceport America". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  73. ^ "Billion-dollar 'Space Port' business could be headed to Maine if state legislator has her way". November 2019.
  74. ^ "BluShift Aerospace". Retrieved December 3, 2022.
  75. ^ PlanetSpace still plans to blast-off from Cape Breton, chairman says, CBC News, February 21, 2008
  76. ^ Rocketeers pick Canadian launch site, NBC News, June 2, 2005
  77. ^ "Oklahoma Spaceport website". Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  78. ^ Spaceport Oklahoma Licensed by FAA, SpecRef.com, October 15, 2001
  79. ^ "ASPI Group - Space Port Washington". www.aspigroup.com.
  80. ^ "Spaceport Site Plan and General Arrangement, 2005".
  81. ^ Times, Seattle (21 March 2017). "SEC accuses investor visa developer in Renton of deceiving investors". oregonlive.com.
  82. ^ "SEC v. ANDY SHIN FONG CHEN AND AERO SPACE PORT INTERNATIONAL GROUP". eb5projects.com.
  83. ^ "Andy Shin Fong Chen, et al. (Release No. LR-23778; Mar. 15, 2017)". www.sec.gov.
  84. ^ "Aniversario del Lanzamiento del Vehículo Vex 1B y próximos pasos del proyecto Tronador II". CONAE. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  85. ^ "Chilca". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  86. ^ "Chilca PLOB". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2018-02-17. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  87. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Sites [List of launch sites]". Jonathan McDowell's Personal Home Page - Jonathan's Space Report (JSR Launch Vehicle Database, 2017 Dec 28 Edition). Archived from the original on 2018-02-17. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  88. ^ "Missions Launched". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  89. ^ "Electron". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  90. ^ a b Nicholls, Matt. "Race is on to build Cape York spaceport". Cape York Weekly. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  91. ^ Spaceports Around the World: Australia's Woomera and Weipa Spaceports, spacetoday.org
  92. ^ "Cape York". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2003. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  93. ^ Carruthers, Peter (5 October 2023). "Space Centre Australia secures 88ha land parcel at Cape York known as Utingu". Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  94. ^ "Christmas Island". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  95. ^ "High Speed Flight Demonstration "HSFD"". JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. 1 July 2003. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  96. ^ "USAKA Temporary Extended Test Range" (PDF). GlobalSecurity.org. February 2, 2000. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
[edit]
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rocket_launch_sites
9 views |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF