List of therapsids

This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered therapsids.

The list currently contains 510 generic names.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus	Authors	Year	Status	Age	Location	Notes
Admetophoneus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Aelurognathus	Haughton	1924	Valid.
Aelurosauroides	Broom	1940	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Aelurosaurus^[2]
Aelurosauropsis	Broom	1940	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Aelurosaurus^[2]
Aelurosaurus	Owen	1881	Valid.
Agnosaurus	Boonstra	1952	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Moschops^[2]
Akidnognathus	Haughton	1918	Valid.
Alopecodon	Broom	1908	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Alopecognathus	Broom	1915	Valid.
Alopecopsis	Broom	1920	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Alopecorhinus	Broom	1912	Valid.
Aloposauroides	Brink Kitching	1953	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Aloposaurus^[2]
Aloposaurus	Broom	1910	Valid.
Andescynodon	Bonaparte	1969	Valid.
Aneugomphius	Broom Robinson	1949	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Angonisaurus	Cox	1983	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[5]	Tanzania^[5]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[5]
Annatherapsidus	Kuhn	1961	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Anningia	Broom	1927	Nomen vanum	Permian^[7]	South Africa^[7]	Declared to be a nomen vanum after a restudy of the type specimen.^[7]
Anomocephalus	Modesto Rubidge Welman	1999	Valid.	Upper Permian^[8]	South Africa^[8]
Anomodon	Keyser	1975	Valid.
Anoplosuchus	Tchudinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Antecosuchus	Tatarinov	1973	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Anteosaurus	Watson	1921	Valid.	Upper Permian	South Africa
Archaeosuchus	Broom	1905	Valid.
Archaeosyodon	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Arctognathoides	Boonstra	1934	Valid.
Arctognathus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Arctops	Watson	1914	Valid.
Arctosuchus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Arctotraversodon	Sues Hopson Shubin	1992	Valid.
Arnognathus	Broom	1907	Valid.
Aulacocephalodon	Seeley	1898	Valid.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Aulacephalodon^[2]
Aulacephalodon	Seeley	1898	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Australosyodon	Rubidge	1994	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[9]	South Africa^[9]
Avenantia	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Barysoma	Cox	1965	Valid.
Bauria	Broom	1909	Valid.	Early to Mid-Triassic
Baurioides	Broom	1925	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Bauria^[2]
Bayloria	Oldon	1941	Syn.	Lower Permian^[10]	United States of America^[10]	Immature specimen of the captorhinid reptile Captorhinus aguti^[10]
Beishanodon^[11]	Gao Fox Zhou Li	2010	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[11]	China^[11]
Belesodon	von Huene	1936	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Different growth stage of the genus Chiniquodon^[12]
Biarmosaurus	Tchudinov	1960	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Biarmosuchus^[2]
Biarmosuchoides	Tverdokhlebova Ivakhnenko	1994	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Biarmosuchus	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Bienotherium	Young	1940	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[5]	China^[5]
Bienotheroides	Young	1982	Valid.	Middle-Late Jurassic^[14]	China and Mongolia^[14]
Biseridens	Li Cheng	1997	Valid.	Upper Permian^[15]	China^[15]
Bolotridon	Coad	1977	Valid.	Mid-Triassic
Boreogomphodon	Sues Olsen	1990	Valid.	Late Triassic^[16]	United States of America^[16]
Brachyprosopus	Olson	1937	Valid.	Mid-Permian
Brachyuraniscus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.	Middle Permian^[17]	South Africa^[17]
Brasilitherium	Bonaparte Martinelli Schultz Rubert	2003	Valid.	Late Triassic^[18]	Brazil^[18]
Brasilodon	Bonaparte Martinelli Schultz Rupert	2003	Valid.	Late Triassic^[18]	Brazil^[18]
Brithopus	Kutorga	1838	Valid.	Middle Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Broilius	Toerien	1953	Valid.
Broomicephalus	Brink Kitching	1953	Valid.
Broomisaurus	Joleaud	1920	Valid.	Permian
Broomosuchus	Camp Taylor Welles	1942	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Anteosaurus^[2]
Bullacephalus	Rubidge Kitching	2003	Valid.	Late Permian
Burnetia	Broom	1923	Valid.	Upper Permian^[19]	South Africa^[19]
Calleonasus	Kalandadze	1985	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Cephalicustroidus	Parrington	1974	Valid.
Cerataelurus	Broom	1931	Valid.
Cerdodon	Broom	1915	Valid.
Cerdorhinus	Broom	1936	Valid.
Chalepotherium	Simpson	1928	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Oligokyptus^[2]
Chaliminia	Bonaparte	1980	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[12]	Brazil^[12]
Chanaria	Cox	1968	Valid.
Charassognathus	Botha Abdala Smith	2007	Valid.
Charruodon	Abdala Ribeiro	2000	Valid.	Late Triassic^[20]	Brazil^[20]
Chelydontops	Cluver	1975	Valid.
Chiniquodon	von Huene	1936	Valid.	Middle-Upper Triassic^[12]	Argentina and Brazil^[12]
Chiwetasaurus	Haughton	1926	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Gorgonops^[2]
Chthomaloporus	Tchudinov	1964	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Chthonosaurus	Vjuschkov	1955	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Cistecephaloides	Cluver	1974	Valid.
Cistecephalus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[3]	South Africa, Zambia and India^[3]
Clelandina	Broom	1948	Valid.
Colobodectes	Modesto Rubidge Visser Welman	2003	Valid.
Compsodon	van Hoepen	1934	Valid.
Crapartinella	Mendrez	1975	Valid.
Cragievanus	Brink	1965	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Diademodon^[2]
Criocephalosaurus	Kammerer Sidor	2002	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	Zimbabwe^[3]
Cristonasus	Surkov	1999	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Cromptodon	Bonaparte	1972	Valid.
Cryptocynodon	Seeley	1895	Valid.
Cteniosaurus	Broom	1935	Valid.
Cynochampsa	Owen	1859	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Diademodon^[2]
Cynognathus	Seeley	1895	Valid.	Lower-Middle Triassic^[22]	South Africa and Argentina^[22]
Cyonosaurus	Olsen	1937	Valid.	Upper Permian^[17]	South Africa^[17]
Cynosaurus	Schmidt	1927	Valid.
Dadadon	Flynn Parrish Rakotosamimanana Ranivoharimanana Wyss	2000	Valid.	Middle-Late Triassic^[23]	Madagascar^[23]
Daptocephalus	van Hoepen	1934	Valid	Late Permian	South Africa
Daqingshanodon	Zhu	1989	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[5]
Deccanodon	Nath Yadagiri	2007	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[24]	India^[24]
Delphaciognathus	Broom	1932	Valid.
Delphinognathus	Seeley	1892	Valid.
Deuterosaurus	Eichwald	1860	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Diademodon	Seeley	1895	Valid.	Lower-Middle Triassic^[12]	South Africa^[12]
Diaelurodon	Broom	1911	Valid.
Dianzhongia	Cui	1981	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[5]	China^[5]
Dicynodon	Owen	1845	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Gondwana and Lausaria^[1]
Dicynodontoides	Broom	1940	Valid.	Upper Permian^[25]	South Africa^[25]
Digalodon	Broom Robinson	1948	Valid.	Upper Permian^[25]	South Africa^[25]	Probably valid taxon; needs further investigation^[25]
Diictodon	Broom	1913	Valid.	Upper Permian^[5]	China^[5] and South Africa^[3]
Dinanomodon	Broom	1938	Valid	Late Permian	South Africa
Dinodontosaurus	Romer	1943	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[26]	Brazil^[26]
Dinogorgon	Broom	1936	Valid.
Dinophoneus	Broom	1923	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Jonkeria^[2]
Dinosaurus	Fischer	1847	Valid.
Dinosuchus	Broom	1936	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Anteosaurus^[2]
Dixeya	Haughton	1926	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Aelurognathus^[2]
Dolichuranus	Keyser	1973	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[5]	Zambia^[5]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[5]
Doliosauriscus	Kuhn	1961	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]	Replacement name for Doliosaurus Orlov, 1958
Doliosaurus	Orlov	1958	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by lizard Doliosaurus Girard, 1858 (Sauria: Iguania)
Dongusaurus	Vjuschkov	1964	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Dragocephalus	Brink Kitching	1953	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Clelandina^[2]
Driveria	Olson	1962	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Dvinia	Amalitskii	1922	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Ecteninion	Martinez May Forster	1996	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[12]	Argentina^[12]
Edaxosaurus	Kalandadze	1985	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Elatosaurus	Kalandadze	1985	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Elephantosaurus	Vjuschkov	1969	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Elliotherium	Sidor Hancox	2006	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[27]	South Africa^[27]
Emydochampsa	Broom	1912	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Endothiodon^[28]
Emydops	Broom	1912	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa and India^[3]
Emydopsoides	van Hoepen	1934	Valid.
Emydorhynchus	Broom	1935	Valid.
Emydorhinus	Broom	1935	Valid.
Emyduranus	Broom	1921	Valid.
Endogomphodon	Broom	1932	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Endothiodon^[28]
Endothiodon	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[28]	South Africa, Tanzania,^[28] Malawi and India^[3]
Eoarctops	Haughton	1929	Valid.
Eocyclops	Broom	1913	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Eodicynodon	Barry	1974	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[29]	South Africa^[29]
Eosimops	Broom	1922	Valid.
Eosyodon	Olson	1962	Valid.	Upper Permian^[17]	United States of America^[17]
Eotitanosuchus	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Ericiolacerta	Watson	1931	Valid.	Early Triassic^[30]	South Africa^[30]
Eriphostoma	Broom	1911	Valid.
Esoterodon	Seeley	1895	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Endothiodon^[28]
Estemmenosuchus	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Euchambersia	Broom	1931	Valid.
Eumantellia	Broom	1935	Valid.
Eurosaurus	Eichwald	1860	Valid.
Eurychororhinus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.
Exaeretodon	Cabrera	1943	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[31]	Brazil and Argentina^[31]
Galechirus	Broom	1907	Valid.	Upper Permian^[8]	South Africa^[8]
Galeops	Broom	1912	Valid.	Upper Permian^[8]	South Africa^[8]
Galepus	Broom	1910	Valid.	Upper Permian^[8]	South Africa^[8]
Galerhynchus	Broom	1936	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Cerdorhinus^[2]
Galesaurus	Owen	1859	Valid.
Galesuchus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Geikia	Newton	1892	Valid.
Glanosuchus	Broom	1904	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Glochinodontoides	Haughton	1924	Valid.
Gomphodontosuchus	von Huene	1928	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[26]	Brazil^[26]
Gomphognathus	Seeley	1895	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Diademodon^[2]
Gorgodon	Olson	1962	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Gordonia	Newton	1893	Valid.
Gorgonocephalus	author author	19xx	Preocc.			Preoccupied by echinoderm Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815
Gorgonops	Owen	1876	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Habayia	Godefroit	1999	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[32]	Belgium^[32]
Haughtoniana	Boonstra	1938	Valid.
Hazhenia	Sun Hou	1981	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Herpetoskylax	Sidor Rubidge	2006	Valid.
Heuneus	Toerien	1953	Valid.
Hexacynodon	Tatarinov	1976	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Hipposauroides	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Hipposaurus	Haughton	1929	Valid.	Middle Permian^[12]	South Africa^[12]
Hofmeyria	Broom	1935	Valid.
Homodontosaurus	Broom	1949	Valid.
Hyenosaurus	Broom	1935	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Ianthodon	Kissel Reisz	2004	Valid.
Ictidognathus	Broom	1911	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Ictidostoma^[2]
Ictidopsis	Broom	1912	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Thrinaxodon^[33]
Ictidorhinus	Broom	1913	Valid.	Upper Permian^[12]	South Africa^[12]
Ictidostoma	Broom	1931	Valid.
Ictidosuchoides	Broom	1931	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[34]	South Africa^[34]
Ictidosuchops	Broom	1938	Valid.
Ictidosuchus	Broom	1910	Valid.
Idelesaurus	Kurkin	2006	Valid.	Upper Permian^[35]	Russia^[35]
Inostrancevia	Amalitskii	1922	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Irajatherium	Martinelli Bonaparte Schultz Rubert	2005	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[26]	Brazil^[26]
Ischignathus	Bonaparte	1963	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Exaeretodon^[36]
Ischigualastia	Cox	1962	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[12]	Argentina^[12]
Ivantosaurus	Tchudinov	1983	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Jachaleria	Bonaparte	1971	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[26]	Argentina and Brazil^[26]
Jimusaria	Sun	1963	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[5]
Jonkeria	van Hoepen	1916	Valid.
Kannemeyeria	Seeley	1908	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[5]	China, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Argentina^[5]	If Rechnisaurus and Uralokannemeyeria are considered synonyms, the range also include Russia and India
Kawingasaurus	Cox	1972	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	Tanzania^[3]
Kayentatherium	Kermack	1982	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[12]	United States of America^[12]
Keratocephalus	von Huene	1931	Valid.
Kingoria	Cox	1959	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides Broom, 1940^[25]
Kitchingia	Broom George	1950	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Knoxosaurus	Olson	1962	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Kombuisia	Hotton	1974	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[12]	South Africa^[12]
Koupia	Boonstra	1948	Valid.
Kunminia	Young	1947	Nomen dubium	Lower Jurassic^[5]	China^[5]	Possible synonym of Morganucodon^[5]
Kunpania	Sun	1973	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dicynodon^[5]
Kwazulusaurus	Maisch	2002	Valid.	Upper Permian^[34]	South Africa^[34]
Lamiasaurus	Watson	1914	Valid.
Lanthanocephalus	Modesto Rubidge Welman	2002	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by cnidarian Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000
Lanthanostegus	Modesto Rubidge Welman	2003	Valid.	Upper Permian^[37]	South Africa^[37]	Replacement name by Lanthanocephalus Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 2002
Lemurosaurus	Broom	1949	Valid.	Upper Permian^[38]	South Africa^[38]
Leontocephalus	Broom	1940	Valid.
Leptotrachelus	Watson	1921	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Gorgonops^[2]
Likhoelia	Ginsburg	1961	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Tritylodon^[2]
Limnostygis	Carroll	1967	Valid.
Lobalopex	Sidor Hopson Keyser	2004	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[39]	South Africa^[39]
Lophorhinus	Sidor Smith	2007	Valid.	Middle Permian^[40]	South Africa^[40]
Luangwa	Brink	1963	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[12]	Zambia^[12] and Brazil^[26]
Lufengia	Chow Hu	1959	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[5]	China^[5]
Lumkuia	Hopson Kitching	2001	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[12]	South Africa^[12]
Lycaenodon	Broom	1925	Valid.	Upper Permian^[41]	South Africa^[41]
Lycaenodontoides	Haughton	1929	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Arctognathus^[2]
Lycaenoides	Broom	1925	Valid.
Lycaenops	Broom	1925	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Lycideops	Broom	1931	Valid.
Lycosuchus	Broom	1903	Valid.
Lystrosaurus	Cope	1870	Valid.	Upper Permian - Early Triassic^[34]	South Africa, Zambia, India, China, Mongolia, Russia, Antarctica, Australia and Laos^[34]
Madysaurus	Tatarinov	2005	Valid.
Massetognathus	Romer	1967	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[42]	Brazil and Argentina^[42]
Mastersonia	Olson	1962	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Maubeugia	Godefroit Battail	1997	Valid.
Megacyclops	Broom	1931	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by crustacean Megacyclops Kiefer, 1927. Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Megagomphodon	Romer	1972	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Massetognathus^[2]
Megawhaitsia	Ivakhnenko	2008	Valid.	Upper Permian^[4]	Russia^[4]
Melinodon	Broom	1905	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Bauria^[2]
Menadon	Flynn Parrish Rakotosamimanana Ranivoharimanana Wyss	2000	Valid.	Middle-Late Triassic^[23]	Madagascar^[23]
Micranteosaurus	Boonstra	1954	Valid.
Micrictodon	Broom	1937	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Thrinaxodon^[33]
Microgomphodon	Seeley	1895	Valid	Early Triassic	South Africa
Microscalenodon	Hahn Lepage Wouters	1988	Valid.
Microsyodon	Ivakhnenko	1995	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Microurania	Ivakhnenko	1996	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Mnemeiosaurus	Nopsca	1928	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonymy of Deuterosaurus^[1]
Molybdopygus	Tchudinov	1964	Valid.
Mormosaurus	Watson	1914	Valid.
Moschognathus	Broom	1914	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Moschops^[2]
Moschoides	Byrne	1937	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Moschops^[2]
Moschops	Broom	1911	Valid.	Upper Permian^[30]	South Africa^[30]
Moschorhinus	Broom	1920	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[34]	South Africa^[34]
Moschosaurus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Moschowhaitsia	Tatarinov	1963	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Mucrotherium	von Huene	1933	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Oligokyptus^[2]
Myctosuchus	Efremov	1937	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Venyukovia^[2]
Myosauroides	Broom	1949	Valid.
Myosaurus	Haughton	1917	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[43]	South Africa and Antarctica^[43]
Nanictocephalus	Broom	1940	Valid.
Nanictops	Carroll	1988	Valid.
Nanictosaurus	Broom	1936	Valid.
Nanocynodon	Tatarinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Nanogomphodon	Hopson Sues	2006	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[44]	Germany^[44]
Nasoplanites	Surkov	1999	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Nearctylodon	Lewis	1986	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Kayentatherium^[2]
Neomegacyclops	Broom	1931	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Newtonella	Broom	1937	Valid.
Niaftasuchus	Ivakhnenko	1990	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Nikkasaurus	Ivakhnenko	2000	Valid.
Nitosaurus	Romer	1937	Valid.	Lower Permian^[45]	United States of America^[45]
Niuksenitia	Tatarinov	1977	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Notaelurops	Broom	1936	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Notosollasia	Broom	1925	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Notosyodon	Tchudinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Kazakhstan^[1]
Nothogomphodon	Tatarinov	1976	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Odontocyclops	Keyser Cruickshank	1979	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Oligokyphus	Henning	1922	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[5]	China, England, Germany and United States of America^[5]
Ordosia	Hou	1979	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Ordosiodon^[5]
Ordosiodon	Young	1961	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Orthopus	Kutorga	1838	Valid.
Otsheria	Tchudinov	1960	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Oudenodon	Owen	1860	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[46]	South Africa, Zambia, Madagascar,^[46] Malawi and India^[3]
Pachydectes	Rubidge Sidor Modesto	2006	Valid.	Middle Permian^[47]	South Africa^[47]
Pachyrhinos	Broili Schroeder	1934	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Gorgonops^[2]
Pachytegos	Haughton	1932	Valid.	Upper Permian^[28]	Tanzania^[28]
Palemydops	Broom	1921	Valid.
Parabradysaurus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Paraburnetia	Smith Rubidge Sidor	2006	Valid.	Upper Permian^[48]	South Africa^[48]
Paragalerhinus	Sigogneau-Russell	1970	Valid.
Parakennemeyeria	Sun	1960	Valid.	Lower-Middle Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Paranteosaurus	Boonstra	1954	Valid.
Parascapanodon	Boonstra	1955	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Parascapanodon^[2]
Parathrinaxodon	Parrington	1936	Valid.
Pardocephalus	Broom	1948	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Arctops^[2]
Parringtoniella	Toerien	1953	Valid.
Parvobestiola	Surkov	1999	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[21]	Russia^[21]
Pascualgnathus	Bonaparte	1966	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[12]	Argentina^[12]
Patranomodon	Rubidge Hopson	1990	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[8]	South Africa^[8]
Pedaeosaurus	Colbert Kitching	1979	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[43]	South Africa and Antarctica^[43]
Pelanomodon	Broom	1938	Valid.	Upper Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Pelorocyclops	van Hoepen	1934	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Permocynodon	Sushkin	1927	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Dvinia^[1]
Phocosaurus	Seeley	1888	Valid.
Phoneosuchus	Efremov	1954	Valid.
Phreatosaurus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Middle Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Phreatosuchus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Middle Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Phthinosaurus	Efremov	1954	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Phthinosuchus	Efremov	1954	Valid.
Placerias	Lucas	1904	Valid.
Platycraniellus	van Hoepen	1916	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[12]	South Africa^[12]
Platycyclops	Broom	1932	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Rhachiocephalus^[2]
Plintogomphodon	Sues Olsen Carter	1999	Valid.	Late Triassic^[49]	United States of America^[49]
Pnigalion	Watson	1914	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Moschops^[2]
Poecilospondylus	Case	1910	Syn.
Polistodon	He Cai	1984	Valid.	Middle Jurassic^[5]	China^[5]
Porosteognathus	Vjuschkov	1955	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Pravoslavleria	Vjuschkov	1953	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Pristerodon	Huxley	1868	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa and India^[3]
Pristerognathus	Seeley	1895	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Probelesodon	Romer	1969	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Different growth stage of the genus Chiniquodon^[12]
Proburnetia	Tatarinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[19]	Russia^[19]
Procynosuchus	Broom	1937	Valid.	Upper Permian^[30]	South Africa^[30]
Prodicynodon	Broom	1904	Valid.
Proexaerotodon	Bonaparte	1963	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Exaerotodon^[2]
Progalesaurus	Sidor Smith	2004	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[50]	South Africa^[50]
Prolystrosaurus	Haughton	1917	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Lystrosaurus^[2]
Promoschorhynchus	Brink	1954	Valid.
Propelanomodon	Toerien	1955	Valid.
Prorubidgea	Broom	1940	Valid.
Protacmon	Watson	1920	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Diademodon^[2]
Protheriodon	Bonaparte Soares Schultz	2006	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[51]	Brazil^[51]
Protuberum	Reichel Schultz Soares	2009	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[52]	Brazil^[52]
Prozostrodon	Bonaparte Barberena	2001	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[26]	Brazil
Pseudanteosaurus	Boonstra	1954	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Anteosaurus^[2]
Pseudhipposaurus	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Rabidosaurus	Kalandadze	1970	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Raranimus	Liu Rubidge Li	2009	Valid.	Middle Permian^[53]	China^[53]
Rechnisaurus	Roychodhury	1970	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[54]	India^[54]	Considered synonym of Kannemeyeria^[5]
Regisaurus	Mendrez	1972	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[5]	South Africa^[5]
Reiszia	Ivakhnenko	2000	Valid.
Rewaconodon	Datta Das Luo	2004	Valid.	Late Triassic^[24]	India^[24]
Rhachiocephalus	Seeley	1898	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Rhadiodromus	Efremov	1951	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Rhigosaurus	Colbert Kitching	1979	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[43]	South Africa and Antarctica^[43]
Rhinocerocephalus	Vjuschkov	1969	Valid.
Rhinodicynodon	Kalandadze	1970	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[5]
Rhopalodon	Fischer	1841	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Rhopalorhinus	Keyser	1973	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[5]	Namibia^[5]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[5]
Riebeeckosaurus	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Riograndia	Bonaparte Ferigolo Ribeiro	2001	Valid.	Late Triassic^[26]	Brazil^[26]
Robertia	Boonstra	1948	Valid.	Middle-Upper Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Rosieria	Godefroit Battail	1997	Valid.
Rubidgea	Broom	1938	Valid.
Rubidgina	Broom	1942	Valid.
Rusconodon	Bonaparte	1970	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[12]	Argentina^[12]	Junior synonym of Andescynodon
Sangusaurus	Cox	1969	Valid.
Santacruzodon	Abdala Ribeiro	2003	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[26]	Brazil^[26]
Sauroctonus	Bystrov	1955	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Scalenodon	Crompton	1955	valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Tanzania and Russia^[1]
Scalenodontoides	Crompton Ellenberger	1957	Valid.
Scalopognathus	Tatarinov	1974	Valid.	Early Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Scalopolacerta	Mendrez Carroll	1979	Valid.
Scaloposaurus	Owen	1876	Valid.
Scapanodon	Broom	1904	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Titanosuchus^[2]
Scylacops	Broom	1913	Valid.
Scoliomus	Williston Case	1915	Syn.	Lower Permian^[55]	United States of America^[55]	Junior synonym of Sphenacodon^[55]
Scullya	Broom	1929	Valid.
Scylacorhinus	Broom	1915	Valid.
Scylacosaurus	Broom	1903	Valid.
Scylacosuchus	Tatarinov	1968	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Scymnognathus	Broom	1915	Valid.
Scymnorhinus	Bonaparte	1846	Valid.
Scymnosaurus	Broom	1903	Valid.
Sesamodon	Broom	1905	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Bauria^[2]
Sesamondon	author author	19xx	Valid.
Shaanbeikannemeyeria	Cheng	1980	Valid	Early Triassic	China
Shansiodon	Yeh	1959	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Silphedosuchus	Tatarinov	1977	Valid.
Silphoictidoides	von Huene	1950	Valid.
Simorhinella	Broom	1915	Valid.
Sinognathus	Young	1959	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Sinokannemeyeria	Young	1937	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Sinophonus	Cheng Li	1996	Valid.	Upper Permian^[15]	China^[15]
Smilesaurus	Broom	1948	Valid.	Late Permian	South Africa
Stahleckeria	von Huene	1935	Valid.	Lower-Upper Triassic^[12]	Brazil^[12]
Stenocybus	Cheng Li	1997	Valid.	Upper Permian^[15]	China^[15]
Steppesaurus	Olson Beerbower	1953	Valid.	Lower Permian^[3]	United States of America^[3]
Striodon	Sun	1973	Nomen dubium	N/A	N/A	Striodon magnus is regarded as a nomen dubium, and its type specimen is identified as Dicynodon sp.^[5]
Struthiocephaloides	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Struthiocephalus	Haughton	1915	Valid.	Middle Permian^[17]	South Africa^[17]
Struthionops	Boonstra	1952	Valid.
Storthyggnathus	Janesch	1952	Valid.
Styracocephalus	Haughton	1929	Valid.
Suminia	Ivakhnenko	1994	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Sycosaurus	von Huene	1950	Valid.
Synostocephalus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Valid.
Syodon	Kutorga	1838	Valid.
Sysphinctostoma	Broili Schroeser	1936	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Diademodon^[2]
Tangagorgon	Boonstra	1953	Valid.
Taognathus	Broom	1911	Valid.
Tapinocaninus	Rubidge	1991	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Tapinocephalus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Taurocephalus	Broom	1928	Valid.
Taurops	Broom	1912	Valid.
Tetraceratops	Matthew	1908	Valid.	Lower Permian^[56]	United States of America^[56]	Placement within Therapsida questioned^[57]
Tetracynodon	Broom Robinson	1948	Valid.	Upper Permian - Lower Triassic^[34]	South Africa^[34]
Tetragonias	Cruickshank	1967	Valid.?	Middle Triassic^[5]	South Africa^[5]	May be synonym of Shansiodon^[5]
Theriognathus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[4]	South Africa^[4]
Theropsis	Cabrera	1943	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Exaerotodon^[2]
Theropsodon	von Huene	1950	Valid.
Thrinaxodon	Seeley	1894	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[33]	South Africa and Antarctica^[33]
Tigrisaurus	Broom George	1950	Valid.
Titanognathus	Broili Schroeder	1935	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Anteosaurus^[2]
Titanophoneus	Efremov	1938	Valid.	Upper Permian^[13]	Russia^[13]
Titanosuchus	Owen	1876	Valid.	Upper Permian^[30]	South Africa^[30]
Traversodon	von Huene	1936	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[26]	Brazil^[26]
Traversodontoides	Young	1974	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Triachodontoides	Broom	1932	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Trirachodon^[2]
Triglyphus	Fraas	1866	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Tritylodon^[2]
Trirachodon	Seeley	1895	Valid.
Tritheledon	Broom	1912	Valid.
Tritylodon	Owen	1884	Valid.
Tritylodontoides	Fourie	1962	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Tritylodon^[2]
Trochosuchus	Broom	1908	Valid.
Trochosaurus	Haughton	1915	Valid.
Tropidostoma	Broom	1915	Valid.	Middle Permian^[3]	South Africa^[3]
Trucidocynodon	Oliveira Soares Schultz	2010	Valid.	Upper Triassic^[58]	Brazil^[58]
Turfanodon	Sun	1973	Valid	Late Permian	China
Ulemica	Ivakhnenko	1996	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Ulemosaurus	Ryabinin	1938	Valid.?	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]	Considered synonym of Moschops^[2]
Uniserium	von Huene	1933	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Oligokyptus^[2]
Uralocynodon	Tatarinov	1987	Valid.	Upper Permian^[1]	Russia^[1]
Uralokannemeyeria	Danilov	1971	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[1]	Russia^[1]
Uraniscosaurus	Nopsca	1928	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Deuterosaurus^[1]
Urumchia	Young	1952	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Venyukovia	Amaltskii	1922	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Viatkosuchus	Tatarinov	1995	Valid.
Vinceria	Bonaparte	1969	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[12]	Argentina^[12]
Wadiasaurus	Roychodhury	1970	Valid.	Middle Triassic^[54]	India^[54]
Wangwusaurus	Young	1979	Valid.
Watsoniella	Broili Schroder	1935	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Bauria^[2]
Whaitsia	Haughton	1918	Syn.	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Theriognathus^[4]
Xiyukannemeyeria	Liu Li	2003	Valid.
Xyrospondylus	Reisz Heaton Pynn	1982	Valid.
Yikezhaogia	Li	1984	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[5]	China^[5]
Yunnania	Cui	1976	Preocc.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by gastropod Yunnania Mansuy, 1912
Yunnanodon	Cui	1986	Valid.	Lower Jurassic^[5]	China^[5]	Replacement name by Yunnania Cui, 1976^[5]
Zambiasaurus	Cox	1969	Valid.	Lower Triassic^[12]	Zambia^[12]
Zopherosuchus	Tchudinov	1983	Valid.	Upper Permian^[6]	Russia^[6]
Zorillodontops	Cluver	1969	Valid.

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^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A.; Welman, J. (2003). "A second specimen of Lemurosaurus pricei (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (3): 631–642. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0631:assolp]2.0.co;2. S2CID 56317227.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A.; Hopson, J. A.; Keyser, A. W. (2004). "A new burnetiamorph therapsid from the teekloof formation, Permian, of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (4): 938–950. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0938:anbtft]2.0.co;2. S2CID 85752458.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A.; Smith, R. M. H. (2007). "A second burnetiamorph therapsid from the Permian of Teekloof Formation of South Africa and its associated fauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 420–430. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[420:asbtft]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86173425.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A. (2003). "The naris and palate of Lycaenodon longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their early evolution in the Therapsida". Journal of Paleontology. 77 (5): 977–984. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0977:tnapol>2.0.co;2. S2CID 54000298.
^ ^a ^b Liu, J.; Soares, M. B.; Reichel, M. (2008). "Massetognathus (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae) from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 11 (1): 27–36. doi:10.4072/rbp.2008.1.03.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Hammer, W. C. Fossils, Vertebrates. In Riffenburgh, B. (ed.). "Encyclopedia of the Antarctic". CRC Press, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Hopson, J. A.; Sues, H.-D. (2006). "A traversodont cynodont from the Middle Triassic of Baden-Württemberg (Germany)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 80 (4): 124–129. doi:10.1007/BF02988972. S2CID 128486943.
^ ^a ^b Romer, A. S. (1937). "New genera and species of pelycosaurian reptiles". Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club. XVI: 90–96.
^ ^a ^b Mazin, J. M.; King, G. M. (1991). "The first dicynodont from the Late Permian of Malagasy". Palaeontology. 34 (4): 837–842.
^ ^a ^b Rubidge, B. S.; Sidor, C. A.; Modesto, S. P. (2006). "A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha) from the Middle Permian of South Africa". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 740–749. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[740:anbtbf]2.0.co;2. S2CID 130196490.
^ ^a ^b Smith, R. M.; Rubidge, B. S.; Sidor, C. A. (2006). "A new burnetiid (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Upper Permian of South Africa and its biogeographic implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 331–343. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[331:anbtbf]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86367955.
^ ^a ^b Sues, H.- D.; Olsen, P. E.; Carter, J. G. (1999). "A Late Triassic Traversodont Cynodont from the Newark Supergroup of North Carolina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (2): 351–354. Bibcode:1999JVPal..19..351S. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011146.
^ ^a ^b Sidor, C. A.; Smith, R. M. (2004). "A new galesaurid (Therapsida: Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa". Palaeontology. 47 (3): 535–556. Bibcode:2004Palgy..47..535S. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00378.x. S2CID 129906726.
^ ^a ^b Bonaparte, J.F.; Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L. (2006). "A new non-mammalian cynodont from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil and its implications for the ancestry of mammals". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 45: 599–607.
^ ^a ^b Reichel, M.; Schultz, C. L.; Soares, M. B. (2009). "A new traversodontid cynodont (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Middle Triassic Santa Maria Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil". Palaeontology. 52 (1): 229–250. Bibcode:2009Palgy..52..229R. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00824.x. S2CID 129081834.
^ ^a ^b Liu, J.; Rubidge, B; Li, J. (2009). "New basal synapsid supports Laurasian origin for therapsids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (3): 393–400. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0071.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Roychodhury, T (1970). "Two new dicynodonts from the Triassic Yerrapalli Formation of central India". Palaeontology. 13 (1): 132–144.
^ ^a ^b ^c Reisz, R. R.; Berman, D. S. (1985). "Scoliomus puercensis Williston and Case, 1913, identified as a junior synonym of Sphenacodon ferox Marsh (Reptilia, Pelycosauria)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 22 (8): 1236–1239. Bibcode:1985CaJES..22.1236R. doi:10.1139/e85-126.
^ ^a ^b Langston, W (1965). "Oedalops campi (Reptilia: Pelycosauria) new genus and species from the Lower Permian of New Mexico and the family Eothryrididae". Bulletim of Texas Memorial Museum. 9: 1–45.
^ Conrad, J.; Sidor, C. A. (2001). "Re−evaluation of Tetraceratops insignis (Synapsida: Sphenacodontia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21: 1–117. doi:10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852. S2CID 220414868.
^ ^a ^b Oliveira, T.V.; Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L. (2010). "Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation)". Zootaxa. 2382: 1–71. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2382.1.1. S2CID 86916094.

External links

Main Groups of Non-Mammalian Synapsida

[battail-surkov-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by Battail, B. & Surkov, M. V. Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. In Benton, M. J.; Shishkin, M. A.; Unwin, D. M.; Kurochkin, E. N. "The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia". Cambridge University Press, 2001. 672 p.

[Carroll-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc Carroll, R. L. "Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution". W. H Freeman Company, 1988.

[LucasSG-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au Lucas, Spencer G. (January 2006). "Global Permian tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology". Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 265 (1): 65–93. Bibcode:2006GSLSP.265...65L. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.265.01.04. S2CID 129613959.

[Ivakhnenko08-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Ivakhnenko, M. F. (2008). "The first whaitsiid (Therocephalia, Theromorpha) from the terminal Permian of Eastern Europe". Paleontological Journal. 42 (4): 409–413. doi:10.1134/s0031030108040102. S2CID 140547244.

[Lucas01-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg Lucas, S. G. "Chinese Fossil Vertebrates". Columbia University Press, New York, 2001.

[Modesto-Rybcynski-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Modesto, S. P. & Rybcynski, N. The amniote faunas of the Russian Permian: implications for Late Permian terrestrial vertebrate biogeography. In Benton, M. J.; Shishkin, M. A.; Unwin, D. M.; Kurochkin, E. N. "The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia". Cambridge University Press, 2001. 672 p.

[Reisz-Dilkes92-7] Reisz, R. R.; Dilkes, D. W. (1992). "The taxonomic position of Anningia megalops, a small amniote from the Permian of South Africa". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 29 (7): 1605–1608. Bibcode:1992CaJES..29.1605R. doi:10.1139/e92-126.

[Angielczyk-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Angielczyk, K. D. (2004). "Phylogenetic evidence for and implications of a dual origin of propaliny in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida)". Paleobiology. 30 (2): 268–296. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0268:pefaio>2.0.co;2. S2CID 86147610.

[Rubidge-9] Rubidge, B. S. (1994). "Australosyodon, the first primitive anteosaurid dinocephalian from the Upper Permian of Gondwana". Palaeontology. 37 (3): 579–594.

[Reisz-Heaton-10] Reisz, R. R.; Heaton, M. J. (1982). "Bayloria morei Olson 1941 identified as an immature specimen of the Permian reptile Captorhinus aguti (Cope, 1882)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 19 (6): 1232–1234. Bibcode:1982CaJES..19.1232R. doi:10.1139/e82-104.

[Gao2010-11] Gao, K.; Fox, R.C.; Zhou, C.-F.; Li, D.-Q. (2010). "A new nonmammalian eucynodont (Synapsida, Therapsida) from the Triassic of northern Gansu Province, China, and its biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications". American Museum Novitates (3685): 1–25. doi:10.1206/649.1. hdl:2246/6069. S2CID 85789838.

[Kemp05-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Kemp, T. S. "The Origin & Evolution of Mammals". Oxford University Press, 2005.

[Tverdokhlebov_et_al05-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Tverdokhlebov, V. P.; Tverdokhlebova, G. I.; Surkov, M. v.; Minikh, A. V.; Benton, M. J. (2005). "Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 69 (1–2): 27–77. Bibcode:2005ESRv...69...27T. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.07.003.

[Watabe-Tsubamoto-Tsogtbaatar-14] Watabe, M.; Tsubamoto, T. & Tsogtbaatar, K. 2007. "A new tritylodontid synapsid from Mongolia". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (2): 263–274.

[Li00-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Li, J (2000). "The most primitive lower tetrapod fauna in China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 44 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1007/bf02906884. S2CID 129894524.

[Sues-Olsen-16] Sues, H.-D.; Olsen, P. E. (1990). "Triassic vertebrates of Gondwanan aspect from the Richmond basin of Virginia". Science. 249 (4972): 1020–1022. Bibcode:1990Sci...249.1020S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.637.7391. doi:10.1126/science.249.4972.1020. PMID 17789610. S2CID 36310187.

[Bruner-17] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Bruner, J. C. (1991). "A catalogue of Type Specimens of Fossil Vertebrates in the Field Museum of Natural History. Classes Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and ichnites". Geology. 22: 1–68. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3392.

[Bonaparte-Martinelli-Schultz-18] Bonaparte, J. F.; Martinelli, A. G.; Schultz, C. L. (2005). "New information on Brasilodon and Brasilitherium (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 8 (1): 25–46. doi:10.4072/rbp.2005.1.03.

[Rubidge-Sidor02-19] Rubidge, B. S.; Sidor, C. A. (2002). "On the cranial morphology of the basal therapsids Burnetia and Proburnetia (Therapsida: Burnetiidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (2): 257–267. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0257:otcmot]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86207308.

[Abdala-Ribeiro-20] Abdala, F. & Ribeiro, A. M. 2000. "A new therioherpetid cynodont from the Santa Maria Formation (middle Late Triassic), southern Brazil". Geodiversitas 22 (4 : 589-596.

[Tverdokhlebov_et_al02-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Tverdokhlebov, V. P.; Tverdokhlebova, G. I.; Surkov, M. V.; Benton, M. J. (2002). "Tetrapod localities from the Triassic of the SE of European Russia". Earth-Science Reviews. 60 (1–2): 1–66. doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(02)00076-4.

[Abdala-22] Abdala, F (1996). "Redescripción del cráneo y reconsideración de la validez de Cynognathus minor (Eucynodontia, Cynognathidae) del Triásico Inferior del Mendoza". Ameghiniana. 33 (2): 115–126.

[Kammerer-Flynn-R-Wyss-23] Kammerer, C. F.; Flynn, J. J.; Ranivoharimanana, L.; Wyss, A. R. (2008). "New material of Menadon besairiei (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae) from the Triassic of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 445–462. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[445:nmombc]2.0.co;2. S2CID 140720709.

[Prasad-24] Prasad, G. V. R. "Sedimentary Basins and Fossil Records". In Singhvi, A. K.; Bhattacharya, A. & Guha, S. (eds.). Glimpses of Geo-Science Research in India: Indian Report to IUGS 2002-2008. Indian National Science Academy, 2008.

[Angielczyk09-25] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Angielczyk, K.D.; Sidor, C.A.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Smith, R.M.H.; Tsuji, L.A. (2009). "Taxonomic Revision and New Observations on the Postcranial Skeleton, Biogeography, and Biostratigraphy of the Dicynodont Genus Dicynodontoides, the Senior Subjective Synonym of Kingoria (Therapsida, Anomodontia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1174–1187. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29.1174A. doi:10.1671/039.029.0427. S2CID 85787287.

[Schultz-Langer-26] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Schultz, C. L. & Langer, M. C. "Tetrápodes Triássicos do Rio Grande do Sul". Interciência, 2007.

[Sidor-Hancox-27] Sidor, C. A.; Hancox, P. J. (2006). "Elliotherium kersteni, a new tritheledontid from the Lower Elliot Formation (Upper Triassic) of South Africa". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (2): 333–342. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.557.9156. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0333:ekantf]2.0.co;2. S2CID 130003909.

[Cox64-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Cox, C. B. (1964). "On the palate, dentition, and classification of the fossil reptile Endothiodon and related genera". American Museum Novitates (2171): 1–20.

[Rubidge-King-Hancox-29] Rubidge, B. S.; King, G. M.; Hancox, P. J. (1994). "The postcranial skeleton of the earliest dicynodont synapsid Eodicyninodon from the Upper Permian of South Africa". Palaeontology. 37 (2): 397–408.

[Dixon-Cox-Savage-Gardine-30] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dixon, D.; Cox, B.; Savage, R. J. G. & Gardine, B. (eds.). "The Macmillan Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals". Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988.

[Abdala-Malabarba-31] Abdala, F.; Malabarba, M. C. (2007). "Enamel microstructure in Exaeretodon, a Late Triassic South American traversodontid (Therapsida: Cynodontia)". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 10 (2): 71–78. doi:10.4072/rbp.2007.2.01.

[Godefroit-32] Godefroit, P. 1999. "New traversodontid teeth from the Upper Triassic of Habay-la-Vieille (southern Belgium)". Paläontologische Zietschdrift 73 (3/4): 385-394.

[Colbert-Kitching-33] Colbert, E. H.; Kitching, J. W. (1977). "Triassic cynodont reptiles from Antarctica". American Museum Novitates (2611): 1–30.

[Botha-Smith07-34] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Botha, J.; Smith, R. H. M. (2007). "Lystrosaurus species composition across the Permo–Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa". Lethaia. 40 (2): 125–137. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00011.x.

[Kurkin-35] Kurkin, A. A. (2006). "A new dicynodont from the Upper Permian of Tatarstan". Paleontological Journal. 50 (4): 434–437. doi:10.1134/S0031030106040095. S2CID 129016459.

[Liu-36] Liu, J (2007). "The taxonomy of the traversodontid cynodonts Exaeretodon and Ischignathus". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 10 (2): 133–136. doi:10.4072/rbp.2007.2.07.

[Modesto-Rubidge-Welman03-37] Modesto, S. P.; Rubidge, B. S.; Welman, J. (2003). "Erratum: A replacement name for Lanthanocephalus Modesto, Rubidge and Welman 2002, not Lanthanocephalus Williams and Starmer 2000". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 39 (12): 1755–1765. doi:10.1139/e02-091.

[Sidor-Welman-38] Sidor, C. A.; Welman, J. (2003). "A second specimen of Lemurosaurus pricei (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (3): 631–642. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0631:assolp]2.0.co;2. S2CID 56317227.

[Sidor-Hopson-Keyser-39] Sidor, C. A.; Hopson, J. A.; Keyser, A. W. (2004). "A new burnetiamorph therapsid from the teekloof formation, Permian, of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (4): 938–950. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0938:anbtft]2.0.co;2. S2CID 85752458.

[Sidor-Smith07-40] Sidor, C. A.; Smith, R. M. H. (2007). "A second burnetiamorph therapsid from the Permian of Teekloof Formation of South Africa and its associated fauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (2): 420–430. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[420:asbtft]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86173425.

[Sidor-41] Sidor, C. A. (2003). "The naris and palate of Lycaenodon longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their early evolution in the Therapsida". Journal of Paleontology. 77 (5): 977–984. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0977:tnapol>2.0.co;2. S2CID 54000298.

[Liu-Soares-Reichel-42] Liu, J.; Soares, M. B.; Reichel, M. (2008). "Massetognathus (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae) from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 11 (1): 27–36. doi:10.4072/rbp.2008.1.03.

[Hammer-43] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Hammer, W. C. Fossils, Vertebrates. In Riffenburgh, B. (ed.). "Encyclopedia of the Antarctic". CRC Press, 2007.

[Hopson-Sues-44] Hopson, J. A.; Sues, H.-D. (2006). "A traversodont cynodont from the Middle Triassic of Baden-Württemberg (Germany)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 80 (4): 124–129. doi:10.1007/BF02988972. S2CID 128486943.

[Romer-45] Romer, A. S. (1937). "New genera and species of pelycosaurian reptiles". Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club. XVI: 90–96.

[Mazin-King-46] Mazin, J. M.; King, G. M. (1991). "The first dicynodont from the Late Permian of Malagasy". Palaeontology. 34 (4): 837–842.

[Rubidge-Sidor-Modesto-47] Rubidge, B. S.; Sidor, C. A.; Modesto, S. P. (2006). "A new burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Burnetiamorpha) from the Middle Permian of South Africa". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 740–749. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[740:anbtbf]2.0.co;2. S2CID 130196490.

[Smith-Rubidge-Sidor-48] Smith, R. M.; Rubidge, B. S.; Sidor, C. A. (2006). "A new burnetiid (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Upper Permian of South Africa and its biogeographic implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 331–343. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[331:anbtbf]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86367955.

[Sues-Olsen-Carter-49] Sues, H.- D.; Olsen, P. E.; Carter, J. G. (1999). "A Late Triassic Traversodont Cynodont from the Newark Supergroup of North Carolina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (2): 351–354. Bibcode:1999JVPal..19..351S. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011146.

[Sidor-Smith04-50] Sidor, C. A.; Smith, R. M. (2004). "A new galesaurid (Therapsida: Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa". Palaeontology. 47 (3): 535–556. Bibcode:2004Palgy..47..535S. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00378.x. S2CID 129906726.

[Bonaparte06-51] Bonaparte, J.F.; Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L. (2006). "A new non-mammalian cynodont from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil and its implications for the ancestry of mammals". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 45: 599–607.

[Reichel-Schultz-Soares-52] Reichel, M.; Schultz, C. L.; Soares, M. B. (2009). "A new traversodontid cynodont (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Middle Triassic Santa Maria Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil". Palaeontology. 52 (1): 229–250. Bibcode:2009Palgy..52..229R. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00824.x. S2CID 129081834.

[LRL09-53] Liu, J.; Rubidge, B; Li, J. (2009). "New basal synapsid supports Laurasian origin for therapsids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (3): 393–400. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0071.

[Roychowdhury-54] Roychodhury, T (1970). "Two new dicynodonts from the Triassic Yerrapalli Formation of central India". Palaeontology. 13 (1): 132–144.

[Reisz-Berman85-55] Reisz, R. R.; Berman, D. S. (1985). "Scoliomus puercensis Williston and Case, 1913, identified as a junior synonym of Sphenacodon ferox Marsh (Reptilia, Pelycosauria)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 22 (8): 1236–1239. Bibcode:1985CaJES..22.1236R. doi:10.1139/e85-126.

[Langston-56] Langston, W (1965). "Oedalops campi (Reptilia: Pelycosauria) new genus and species from the Lower Permian of New Mexico and the family Eothryrididae". Bulletim of Texas Memorial Museum. 9: 1–45.

[CS01-57] Conrad, J.; Sidor, C. A. (2001). "Re−evaluation of Tetraceratops insignis (Synapsida: Sphenacodontia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21: 1–117. doi:10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852. S2CID 220414868.

[Oliveira10-58] Oliveira, T.V.; Soares, M.B.; Schultz, C.L. (2010). "Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation)". Zootaxa. 2382: 1–71. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2382.1.1. S2CID 86916094.

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[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

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[40]

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[45]

List of therapsids

Naming conventions and terminology

The list

See also

References

External links