This is a list of urban prefects or eparchs of Constantinople. The Prefect or Eparch (in Greek: ὁ ἔπαρχος τῆς πόλεως) was one of the oldest and longest-lived offices of the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire, being created in 359 and surviving relatively unaltered until the Fourth Crusade. The Eparch was one of the most important officials of the Empire, and exercised full control over all aspects of the administration of Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire's capital. In the Palaiologan period (1261–1453) the title was still awarded, but the office was replaced by several kephalatikeuontes (sing. kephalatikeuon, κεφαλατικεύων, "headsman"), who each oversaw a district, effectively a separate village within the now much less populous capital.