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List of wars involving the Principality of Tver

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  Principality of Tver in the 14th century, during the Great Troubles

This is a list of wars involving the Principality of Tver (1246–1485), centred around the city of Tver.[a]

  Victory of Tver (and allies)
  Defeat of Tver (and allies)
  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside the Principality of Tver, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1281–
c. 1291[5] 		Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1281–1293) [ru]
  • Casus belli: Dmitry of Pereslavl paid no homage
    to the new khan, Tuda Mengu[6]
  • Andrey devastated Vladimir, Suzdal, and
    Pereslavl with Tuda Mengu's support (1281)[6]
  • Dmitry recaptured Pereslavl, Novgorod (1283)
    and Vladimir (1285) with Nogai's support[7]
 Dmitry of Pereslavl-Zalessky[7] Andrey of Gorodets[7] Mixed results
1293 Dyuden's campaign [ru][5] Dmitry of Pereslavl[5]
Mikhail of Tver[5]
Daniel of Moscow[5] 		Golden Horde[5]
Andrey of Gorodets[5]
Theodore of Yaroslavl[5] 		Golden Horde victory[5]
1296,
1298 		Struggle for Pereslavl-Zalessky Ivan Dmitrievich
of Pereslavl-Zalessky[9]
Daniel of Moscow[9]
Mikhail of Tver[9] 		Andrey of Gorodets[9]
Theodore of Yaroslavl[9]
Konstantin of Ryazan[9] 		Allied victory against Andrey[9]
  • Moscow sacked (1298)[8]
  • Ivan repelled Andrey both times
    with Tverite–Muscovite support[9]
1304–1308 Tverian–Muscovite war
Key events
 Principality of Tver Principality of Moscow Tverian victory[15][12]
1314–1316 Struggle for Novgorod[16] Principality of Tver
Pro-Tver Novgorod

Golden Horde

Principality of Moscow
Pro-Moscow Novgorod

Golden Horde

Muscovite victory[16]
1317 Battle of Bortenevo [ru]: Yury of Moscow campaign,
supported by Özbeg Khan, against Mikhail of Tver[15] 		Principality of Tver Principality of Moscow
Golden Horde[15] 		Tverian victory[15][17]
1320–1322 Four Özbeg Khan punitive
expeditions against Moscow[18] 		Golden Horde
Principality of Tver 		Principality of Moscow
Novgorod Republic 		Tverian victory[19]
1327 Tver Uprising of 1327 Golden Horde
Ivan I of Moscow
Aleksandr of Suzdal 		Principality of Tver
G. P. of Vladimir[b] 		Golden Horde victory
1340s–1350s Inter-princely wars between the Kashin, Mikulin,
Kholm, and Zubtsov appanages of Tver[22] 		Principality of Kashin

other appanages

Principality of Mikulin

other appanages

Victory of Mikhail II of Tver,
appanage prince of Mikulin[23]
1359–1381/2 Great Troubles Mamai in Crimea

Tokhtamysh and allies

Khans at Sarai

Khans at Sighnaq

other Horde warlords

Tokhtamysh victory
1436–1453 Third period of the Muscovite War of Succession
(overlapped with Vasily's Kazan war) 		Younger Donskoy line
Vasily II Vasilyevich

Mäxmüd of Kazan
(1445–8)
Boris of Tver (1447–53[27])
Ivan of Mozhaysk [ru; uk]
(1445–7)
Qasim Khan (1452–3)

Older Donskoy line
Dmitry II Shemyaka
(1439; 1445–53)

Ulugh of Kazan
(1437–45)
Ivan of Mozhaysk [ru; uk][27]
(1447–53)

Vasily victory
1471 Muscovite–Novgorodian war of 1471 [ru; uk] Principality of Moscow
Principality of Tver
Qasim Khanate
Pskov Republic
Vyatka Republic 		Novgorod Republic Muscovite victory
  • Novgorod defeated with Tverian
    and Tatar support[28]
1485 Muscovite conquest of Tver Principality of Tver Principality of Moscow Muscovite victory
  • Tver annexed by Moscow[29]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also spelt Tver',[1] (Russian: Тверь, romanized: Tver', Church Slavonic: Тферь, romanized: Tfer'). English adjective and demonym: Tverian[2] or Tverite.[3] In primary sources such as the Tver Chronicle and the Word of Praise for the Grand Prince Boris Aleksandrovich, it is also referred to as the "Grand Principality of Tver'" (Church Slavonic: великое княжение Тферское, romanized: velikoye kniazhenie Tferskoye) or the "Tverian Land" (Church Slavonic: Тферская земля, romanized: Tferskaia zemlia), which was supposedly an equal part of the larger "Rus' Land" (Church Slavonic: русская земля, romanized: russkaia zemlia), alongside the "Muscovite Land" (Church Slavonic: московская земля, romanized: moskovskaia zemlia) and other grand principalities in northeastern Rus'.[4]
  2. ^ The title 'Grand Prince of Vladimir' was mostly titular by the early 14th century.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Martin 2007, p. 186.
  2. ^ Martin 2007, p. 458.
  3. ^ Martin 2007, p. 196.
  4. ^ Halperin 2022, pp. 30–32.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Martin 2007, p. 191.
  6. ^ a b c d e Martin 2007, p. 190.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Martin 2007, pp. 190–191.
  8. ^ a b Ostrowski 1993, p. 89.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Martin 2007, pp. 191–192.
  10. ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 138.
  11. ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 121.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 139.
  13. ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, pp. 138–139.
  14. ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 193–194.
  15. ^ a b c d Martin 2007, p. 194.
  16. ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 194, 202.
  17. ^ Halperin 1987, p. 71.
  18. ^ a b c d Martin 2007, pp. 195, 202–203.
  19. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 195, 202.
  20. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 195–196.
  21. ^ a b Halperin 1987, p. 72.
  22. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 210, 231–232.
  23. ^ Martin 2007, p. 232.
  24. ^ Halperin 1987, pp. 72–73.
  25. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 232, 235.
  26. ^ Martin 2007, pp. 283–284.
  27. ^ a b c Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 202.
  28. ^ Martin 2007, p. 280.
  29. ^ Martin 2007, p. 281.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Indiana University. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
  • Halperin, Charles J. (2022). The Rise and Demise of the Myth of the Rus' Land (PDF). Leeds: Arc Humanities Press. p. 116. ISBN 9781802700565. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  • Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
  • Ostrowski, Donald (1993). "Why did the Metropolitan Move from Kiev to Vladimir in the Thirteenth Century". Christianity and the Eastern Slavs. Volume I: Slavic Cultures in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 83–101. ISBN 9780520360198. Retrieved 16 May 2023. doi:10.1525/9780520313606-009
  • Raffensperger, Christian; Ostrowski, Donald (2023). The Ruling Families of Rus: Clan, Family and Kingdom. London: Reaktion Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-78914-745-2. (e-book)
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