Merritt Parkway

Merritt Parkway
Merritt Parkway highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by CTDOT
Length	37.67 mi[1] (60.62 km)
Existed	June 29, 1938 (June 29, 1938)–present
Tourist routes	Merritt Parkway
Restrictions	No commercial vehicles[2]
Major junctions
South end	Hutchinson River Parkway at the New York state line
Major intersections	US 7 in Norwalk Route 25 in Trumbull Route 8 / Route 108 in Trumbull
North end	Route 15 / Wilbur Cross Parkway / Milford Parkway in Milford
Location
Country	United States
State	Connecticut
Counties	Fairfield, New Haven
Highway system
Connecticut State Highway System Interstate US State SSR SR Scenic
Scenic Byways National National Forest BLM NPS
Merritt Parkway
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Architect	Connecticut Highway Department; et al.
Architectural style	Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, Modern Movement
NRHP reference No.	91000410
Added to NRHP	April 17, 1991[3]

The Merritt Parkway (also known locally as "The Merritt") is a controlled-access parkway in Fairfield County, Connecticut, with a small section at the northern end in New Haven County. Designed for Connecticut's Gold Coast, the parkway is known for its scenic layout, its uniquely styled signage, and the architecturally elaborate overpasses along the route. As one of the first, oldest parkways in the United States, it is designated as a National Scenic Byway and is also listed in the National Register of Historic Places.^[4][5] Signed as part of Route 15, it runs from the New York state line in Greenwich, where it serves to continue the Hutchinson River Parkway, to Exit 54 in Milford, where the Wilbur Cross Parkway begins. Facing bitter opposition, the project took six years to build in three different sections, with the Connecticut Department of Transportation constantly requiring additional funding due to the area's high property value. The parkway was named for U.S. Congressman Schuyler Merritt. In 2010, the National Trust for Historic Preservation called the Merritt Parkway one of "America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places".^[6]

Trucks, buses, trailers, towed vehicles, and all vehicles 8 feet (2.4 m) tall or taller are not allowed on any part of the parkway due to its low bridges, narrow lanes, and tight curve radii.

The roadway sign of the Merritt features a blue shield with white lettering, along with the foliage of Kalmia latifolia, commonly known as the mountain laurel, the state flower of Connecticut.

The Merritt is one of a handful of United States highways listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is acknowledged for the beauty of the forest through which it passes, as well as the architectural design of its overpasses; at the time of its construction, each bridge was decorated in a unique fashion so that no two bridges on the parkway looked alike.^[7] Newer overpasses used at exit 39 (US 7), though, did not maintain this tradition, and as a result, exit 39 on the parkway is now spanned by several ordinary modern bridges constructed using undecorated concrete-on-steel I-beams.^[8]

The parkway has two lanes in each direction. Due to its age, it was originally constructed without the merge lanes, long on-ramps, and long off-ramps that are found on modern freeways. Some entrances have perilously short and/or sharp ramps; some entrances even have stop signs, with no merge lane whatsoever; this leads to some dangerous entrances onto the highway. Most have since been modernized, with the interchange of Route 111 in Trumbull featuring Connecticut's first single-point urban interchange (SPUI). The stretch of road between exit 42 in Westport and exit 44 in Fairfield is a very long stretch, roughly 5+1⁄2 miles (8.9 km) long without a single exit, referred to by local traffic reports as the "No Exit Zone"^[9] or "No Man's Land".^[10] An exit 43 was planned in the middle of this stretch, but was never built because it would have connected to a northerly extension of the Sherwood Island Connector, which itself was never built to that point.^[11]

Vehicles 8 feet (2.4 m) tall or taller in height, weighing 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) or more, towing a trailer, or having more than four wheels are not allowed on the parkway. Under extenuating circumstances, however, ConnDOT may issue permits for oversized vehicles to use the parkway.^[12][2]

The Merritt Parkway is one of the oldest scenic parkways in the United States.^[13] The portion from Greenwich to Norwalk was opened on June 29, 1938.^[14] The section from Norwalk to Trumbull was completed in November 1939, and in 1940, it was finished to the Housatonic River in Stratford. The parkway was named for U.S. Congressman Schuyler Merritt, who was instrumental in enacting legislation allowing the parkway to be built. The Merritt Parkway is the first leg of what later became modern Route 15. Built between 1934 and 1940, the Merritt Parkway runs for 37 miles (60 km) from the New York state line in Greenwich to the Housatonic River in Stratford. It was conceived as a way to alleviate congestion on the Boston Post Road (U.S. Route 1) in Fairfield County.^[15] After the parkway fully opened in 1940, travelers commonly stopped to picnic along the side of the road.^[16] The Merritt Parkway Advisory Commission (later the Merritt Parkway Advisory Committee) decided to ban horses and buggies, bicycles, pedestrians, billboards, and U-turns, while a system of horse trails along the parkway was developed, but later abandoned.^[17] To ease objections from county residents, who feared an influx of New Yorkers on their roads, in their towns, on their beaches, and through their forests, highway planners called on engineers, landscape architects, and architects to create a safe and aesthetically pleasing limited-access highway, one with exit and entrance ramps, but no intersections, that would not spoil the countryside.^[18][19] The bridges played a prominent role in the design. Architect George L. Dunkelberger designed them all. They reflected the popularity of the Art Deco style, with touches of neoclassical and modern design.^[20][21][22] Some of these bridges were constructed by the Works Progress Administration.

In 1948, the road was signed as part of Connecticut Route 15. Originally, the road had the unsigned designation of Connecticut Route 1A. Also around this time, exit numbers were posted on the road. In December 1949, a connection to the Wilber Cross Parkway was opened to traffic.^[23]

In 1955, exit 30, an at-grade intersection with Butternut hollow road that crossed traffic in both directions, was permanently closed after being declared a safety hazard.^[24] In addition, exit 29 was later rebuilt into grade separated interchange, it was originally a at-grade one (albeit no median crossing ever existed).

In 1957, trees inside the median were cut down for the first time. This followed years of accidents caused by tree related crashes.^[25]

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the segment of roadway between Stamford and Greenwich was resurfaced and hade its more windy segments reconstructed to be straighter.^[25] Followed up on this was a project to demolish the Huntington Turnpike overpass as well as the original Route 8 overpass. Demolition was completed in 1979.^[21] In 1983, new interchanges with Routes 8 and Connecticut Route 25 were constructed.^[23]

Tolls were collected on the parkway at one toll plaza in Greenwich from June 21, 1939, until June 27, 1988. Two additional tolls were also located on the Wilbur Cross Parkway, in Milford and Wallingford. One of the parkway's former toll plazas is now preserved in Stratford's Boothe Memorial Park near Exit 53, complete with still-flashing lights over each toll lane.

In 1992, a new interchange with US 7 was opened, this involved rebuilding of another portion of roadway.^[21]

In 1999, a project to reconstruct exit 44 and eliminate exit 45 was completed at the cost of 4.6 million. In addition exit 53 was reconstructed into a standard diamond interchange, it was originally a seven ramp configuration.^[23]

In April 2001, a complete reissuance of the parkway's signs was carried out, instituting a uniform white-on-green color scheme, and a sawtooth border.^[26][27][28]

In 2004, a project to rebuild exit 48 from a standard diamond interchange into a Single-point urban interchange (SPUI) was completed. Also as part of this project, a new overpass was built to replace the old one (it was not wide enough for a SPUI), though this new overpass replicated the aesthetics of the old one.^[23]

Six rest areas/service plazas, featuring parking lots, gas stations, and convenience stores, were also built along the Merritt Parkway so that drivers would not have to exit to refuel. Pairs of plazas are located opposite each other on either side of the parkway in Fairfield (near exit 46), New Canaan (near exit 37), and Greenwich (just beyond the CT-NY state line). The northbound-side plaza in Greenwich also houses a Connecticut welcome center. The plazas were originally constructed during the parkway's days as a tolled highway, but remained even after the tolls were removed in 1988, making the parkway one of only a few toll-free highways with service plazas along its length. Between 2011 and 2015, all six of the service plazas (along with the four located further north along the Wilbur Cross Parkway) were completely renovated. The renovations preserved the original brick-and-stone façade of the buildings, but completely redesigned and modernized the interiors. The plazas now include more modern gas pumps, Alltown convenience stores, and a Dunkin' Donuts shop at each location; three of the Merritt's six plazas also include a Subway shop. Prior to the renovations, no fast-food service had previously been available at the plazas. The renovation project was completed during the summer of 2015, when the New Canaan plazas were reopened.^{[citation needed]}

In 2013, electric-vehicle (EV) charging stations for Tesla automobiles were added to both the northbound and southbound Greenwich service plazas, with four Superchargers installed in each direction. In addition, charging for CHAdeMO-equipped EVs was added to the northbound Greenwich service plaza. The parking/charging stalls are some of the first in the U.S. to be designated "shared use" - EVs may use the stall for up to 45 minutes to charge, or internal-combustion engine vehicles may park for up to 15 minutes.^[29]

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One of the Merritt's aesthetic features is also a potential danger to its drivers. Trees that line either side of the parkway, and often in the center median, grow branches that cover the roadway, and occasionally fall during severe weather, or with natural aging. Stretches of the parkway also lack guardrails on the right shoulders, creating a risk of tree-impact accidents if cars veer off the pavement.

In 2007, after complaints were voiced about the danger of the trees along the parkway, state officials announced they would trim and eliminate some of them more aggressively. A large, seemingly healthy tree fell on a car near exit 42 in Westport in June 2007, killing a couple from Pelham, New York. On June 23, 2011, a driver was killed in Stamford when a tree fell onto his car.^[30]

A state study of fatalities on Connecticut highways showed that from 1985 to 1992, about 10 people died every three years in tree-related accidents, although no other state roadway averaged more than one in three years.

The state Department of Transportation commonly sends out work crews twice a year to drive along both sides of the parkway at 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) in search of decrepit trees. Trees that had been scheduled to be cut down in five to 10 years would be removed sooner. Some more trees also would be removed, as the shoulder of the parkway is being widened to 8 feet (2.4 m) to give drivers room to pull over.^[31]

Following the 2007 and 2011 incidents, the state became more aggressive in closing the parkway in times of severe weather. The parkway was closed during Tropical Storm Irene^[32] and the Halloween nor'easter in 2011, and Hurricane Sandy in 2012. With each of those storms, many trees and limbs fell across the parkway. After Sandy, the state began a large effort to remove unhealthy trees, and in the process created much wider clearances between the roadside and forest.^[30]

In addition to numerous trees along the Parkway, interchanges were originally designed with Right-in/right-out (RIRO) ramps with no acceleration or deceleration lanes. Crashes were common at Parkway onramps, as vehicles entering the Parkway would have to stop at the top of the ramp and wait for a break in traffic, then rapidly accelerate to meet highway speeds on the heavily-traveled roadway. The Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) has made progress in improving safety at interchanges by revising ramp configurations and adding acceleration/deceleration lanes, although a few of the original RIRO interchanges remain.

The Merritt Parkway Advisory Committee meets quarterly.^[31][33]

Like most highways in Connecticut, exits are numbered sequentially, not mile-based, though the state is gradually transitioning to milepost-based exit numbers. Exit numbers on the Merritt Parkway continue from the original sequential exits of the Hutchinson River Parkway, which ended at 27;^[5]: 15 since 2021, the Hutchinson River Parkway has used a mileage-based system ending at 19A.^[34] King Street (NY 120A), which travels along the state border, is served by exit 27 on the Merritt Parkway and exit 19A on the Hutchinson River Parkway. Prior to 2021, because additional interchanges had been added on the New York side, exit 19A on the Hutchinson River Parkway was numbered as exit 30.

County	Location	mi[1]	km	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Fairfield	Greenwich	0.00	0.00	–	Hutchinson River Parkway south – New York City Route 15 begins	Continuation into New York; southern terminus of Route 15
		0.05	0.080	27	NY 120A north (King Street) – Armonk, NY	Access to NY 120A south via Hutchinson Parkway exit 19A; exit no. corresponds to Hutchinson Pkwy.
		3.39	5.46	28	Round Hill Road	To Greenwich Business District
		4.16	6.69	29	Lake Avenue
				30	Butternut Hollow Road	Intersection closed 1955
		5.71	9.19	31	North Street	To Greenwich Business District
	Stamford	8.89	14.31	33	Den Road	Right-in/right-out connections only
		9.22	14.84	34	Route 104 (Long Ridge Road)	To Downtown Stamford and University of Connecticut Stamford Campus
		10.40	16.74	35	Route 137 (High Ridge Road)
	New Canaan	13.15	21.16	36	Route 106 (Old Stamford Road)
		13.89– 14.10	22.35– 22.69	37	Route 124 – New Canaan, Darien
	Norwalk	16.01	25.77	38	Route 123 (New Canaan Avenue)	To Norwalk Community College
		16.87– 17.31	27.15– 27.86	39	US 7 – Norwalk, Danbury	Northbound exit and southbound entrance; signed as exits 39S (south) and 39N (north); redesign in proposal stage[35]
		17.53– 17.63	28.21– 28.37	40	Main Avenue to US 7 – Norwalk, Danbury	Signed as exits 40S (south) and 40N (north); signed for US 7 southbound, Main Avenue northbound
	Westport	20.73	33.36	41	Route 33 – Westport, Wilton
		21.59	34.75	42	Route 57 – Westport, Weston
	Fairfield	26.95	43.37	44	Route 58 – Fairfield, Redding	To Fairfield Business District and Fairfield University
		28.58	46.00	46	Route 59 – Fairfield, Easton	To West Campus of Sacred Heart University, formerly General Electric Headquarters[36]
	Trumbull	29.31	47.17	47	Park Avenue	To University of Bridgeport and Sacred Heart University
		30.37	48.88	48	Route 111 north (Main Street)	Single-point urban interchange; southern terminus of Route 111
		31.64– 32.69	50.92– 52.61	49	Route 25 – Bridgeport, Danbury	Signed as exits 49S (south) and 49N (north) northbound; no southbound access to Route 25 south; exits 5A-B on Route 25
		32.99	53.09	50	Route 127 – Trumbull	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
		33.51	53.93	51	Route 108 (Nichols Avenue)	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		33.77– 34.57	54.35– 55.64	52	Route 8 / Route 108 – Bridgeport, Waterbury	No northbound access to Route 8 south/Route 108; exits 5-6 on Route 8
	Stratford	36.54	58.81	53	Route 110 – Stratford, Shelton
Housatonic River		37.53	60.40	Igor I. Sikorsky Memorial Bridge
New Haven	Milford	37.67	60.62	54	To I-95 / US 1 – Milford, New London	Access via Milford Parkway
				–	Route 15 north (Wilbur Cross Parkway) – Hartford	Continuation north; north end of Route 15 overlap
Module:Jctint/USA warning: Unused argument(s): old
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus       Incomplete access

• The Willem de Kooning oil-on-canvas painting Merritt Parkway (1959) is owned by the Detroit Institute of Arts.^[37][38]
• Lisa Seidenberg, a filmmaker from Westport, produced a documentary film, The Road Taken...The Merritt Parkway (2008).^[39]

• 
  Map (western segment)
• 
  Map (eastern segment)
• 
  Talmadge Hill Metro-North station over the Merritt in New Canaan

• Merritt Parkway Bridges
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Fairfield County, Connecticut
• Connecticut Route 15

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Connecticut Route 15.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merritt Parkway.

• Merritt Parkway Exhibit (Connecticut State Library)
• Merritt Parkway Conservancy
• Photos of the parkway at byways.org
• Connecticut Dept of Transportation rules about what vehicles are allowed on the parkway
• CT 15 (Greater New York Roads)