Mobile 3D Graphics API

The Mobile 3D Graphics API, commonly referred to as M3G, is an open source graphics API and file format specification for developing Java ME applications that produce 3D computer graphics on embedded devices such as mobile phones and PDAs.

Originally developed at Nokia Research Center Tampere in 2003-2005, M3G was standarized under the Java Community Process as JSR 184 in 22 Dec, 2003. As of 2007^[update], the latest version of M3G was 1.1, but version 2.0 was drafted as JSR 297 in April 2009. In 2010, M3G 1.1 JNI source code and related Symbian OS Java Runtime Environment were subsequently released into open source through the Symbian Foundation.

M3G is an object-oriented interface consists of 30 classes that can be used to draw complex animated three-dimensional scenes, it provides two ways for developers to draw 3D graphics: immediate mode and retained mode.

In immediate mode, graphics commands are issued directly into the graphics pipeline and the rendering engine executes them immediately. When using this method, the developer must write code that specifically tells the rendering engine what to draw for each animation frame. A camera, and set of lights are also associated with the scene, but is not necessarily part of it. In immediate mode it is possible to display single objects, as well as entire scenes (or worlds, with a camera, lights, and background as parts of the scene).

Retained mode always uses a scene graph that links all geometric objects in the 3D world in a tree structure, and also specifies the camera, lights, and background. Higher-level information about each object—such as its geometric structure, position, and appearance—is retained from frame to frame. In retained mode, data are not serialized by Java's own serialization mechanism. They are optimized by the M3G serialization mechanism, which produces and loads data streams conforming to the .m3g file format specification for 3D model data, including animation data format. This allows developers to create content on desktop computers that can be loaded by M3G on mobile devices.^[2]

After the discontinued development of M3G, the emulation has been achieved by an open source Android application called "JL-Mod" in 2020.^[3][4]

• Pulli, Kari; Aarnio, Tomi; Roimela, Kimmo & Vaarala, Jani (2005). "Designing graphics programming interfaces for mobile devices". IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 25 (6). IEEE CG&A 2005: 66–75. doi:10.1109/MCG.2005.129. PMID 16315479. S2CID 8177273.
• Aarnio, Callow, Miettinen and Vaarala: Developing Mobile 3D Applications With OpenGL ES and M3G,^[5] SIGGRAPH 2005: Courses
• Alessio Malizia: Mobile 3D Graphics, Springer, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84628-383-3
• Kari Pulli, Tomi Aarnio, Ville Miettinen, Kimmo Roimela, Jani Vaarala: Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G, Morgan Kaufmann, 2007, ISBN 0-12-373727-3
• Claus Höfele: Mobile 3D Graphics: Learning 3D Graphics with the Java Micro Edition, Thomson Course Technology PTR, 2007, ISBN 1-59863-292-2
• Carlos Morales, David Nelson: Mobile 3D Game Development: From Start to Market, Charles River Media, 2007, ISBN 1-58450-512-5

Java Community Process

• JSR 184 (Mobile 3D Graphics API for J2ME 1.0, 1.1 Final Release 2)
• JSR 297 (Mobile 3D Graphics API 2.0 Proposed Final Draft)
• JSR 239 (Java Bindings for OpenGL ES) – related Java ME graphics specification

Specifications

• JSR-000184 Mobile 3D Graphics API for J2ME(TM) 1.1 Maintenance Release
• JSR 184 1.1 Specification (Mobile 3D Graphics API Technical Specification, Version 1.1, June 22 2005)
• Getting Started With the Mobile 3D Graphics API for J2ME
• 3D graphics for Java mobile devices: Part 1 and Part 2

list of compatible devices

• JSR 184 compatible devices (Performance listing of most mobile 3D devices)

Source code released by Symbian Foundation on GitHub

• SymbianSource/oss.FCL.sf.app.JRT