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Monoamine neurotoxin

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 14 min

Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine), a selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotoxin.

A monoamine neurotoxin, or monoaminergic neurotoxin, is a drug that selectively damages or destroys monoaminergic neurons.[1] Monoaminergic neurons are neurons that signal via stimulation by monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.[1]

Examples of monoamine neurotoxins include the serotonergic neurotoxins para-chloroamphetamine (PCA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT);[2] the dopaminergic neurotoxins oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine), MPTP, and methamphetamine; and the noradrenergic neurotoxins oxidopamine and DSP-4.[1]

In the case of serotonergic neurotoxins like MDMA, research suggests that simultaneous induction of serotonin and dopamine release, serotonin depletion, dopamine uptake and metabolism, hyperthermia, oxidative stress and antioxidant depletion, and/or drug metabolites may all be involved in the neurotoxicity.[3][4] On the other hand, there is evidence that drug metabolites may not be involved.[3][4]

Dopaminergic neurotoxins can induce a Parkinson's disease-like condition in animals and humans.[1][5] Serotonergic neurotoxins have been associated with cognitive and memory deficits and psychiatric changes.[6][7][8][9]

List of monoamine neurotoxins

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Serotonergic neurotoxins

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Phenethylamines

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Tryptamines

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2-Aminoindans

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Dopaminergic neurotoxins

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Phenethylamines

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Dopamine and metabolites
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Tryptamines

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Pesticides

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Others

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Noradrenergic neurotoxins

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Unsorted or unknown

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See also

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References

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