NIRSA National Soccer Championships

The NIRSA National Soccer Championships is an annual collegiate club competition organized by the National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA), deciding the competition winners through a round robin group stage to qualify for a single-elimination knockout format.^[1]

The tournament is unique because it is limited to teams representing a university on a non-varsity level. Due to collegiate clubs receiving little to no funding from the university they represent, their ability to travel is limited and why the tournament takes place over a single weekend; typically in late November to early December.^[2]

In 1994, following the United States hosting its first World Cup and advancing out of the group stage for the first time in 60 years, NIRSA made the decision to stage its first national soccer championship in Austin, Texas. To separate itself from other collegiate club competitions, NIRSA decided to focus on three main aspects: being run by entities with collegiate program affiliation, creating a serious and competitive atmosphere, and developing the women's game.

The tournament started with 15 teams split into two divisions: seven teams in a men's division and eight teams in a women's division. Despite the fact so few teams attended the initial tournament, the following year NIRSA would further split the tournament into a championship division and an open division where the championship division would be invite-only while the open division would be first come first serve. The decision to create a “championship” division and limit the teams that could participate in it created a greater interest in the tournament and lead to a 133% growth in the number of teams in the following tournament with 35 participating teams. However, the open division wasn't without controversy as the very first men's open tournament title was taken away from the finals winners, Rice, who were deemed to have used ineligible players, forfeiting their title to Texas' "B" team. However, to date, this is the only instance this has occurred in any open division since this and other than the 2003 Illinois men's championship forfeiture, was the only instance a title winning team would forfeit their title and this is the only time the title was given to the runners-up.^[3]

To aid in the championship division selection process, NIRSA appointed regional coordinators, beginning in 1995, that would be able to select the teams most deserving of a bid to the tournament. The first regional tournaments were run by outside entities as opposed to being NIRSA-affiliated, but eventually all six regions would be run by NIRSA directly.^[4][5]

With its origins pre-dating those of the NIRSA soccer championships, the National Collegiate Soccer Association (NCSA) was considered to have the highest level of club soccer competition in the nation. However, when NIRSA developed their own rival competition, more and more teams began choosing NIRSA over the NCSA. NCSA began falling apart and eventually was dismantled in 1999, with the 1998 national championship being its last held tournament.^[6][7]

The fall of the NCSA meant that now NIRSA, unarguably, had the highest competition level of any national collegiate club soccer tournament. This fall also meant that teams no longer had to chose which tournament they believed was better to join, which further contributed to the growth of the league. After the last NCSA national tournament, the NIRSA national soccer championship grew by 33% in three years from 54 participants in 1998 to 72 participants in 2001.^[8]

Despite this rise in competition, the first 10 years of the men's championship bracket was dominated by a single team: BYU who won 5 championships in the first 8 years of the tournament despite not participating in the first 2 tournaments in order to attend the NCSA tournament. This run also included a 28-game national championship tournament win streak from 1996–2000, which is still the longest of any team across all four divisions. The streak was ended in the 2000 championships by eventual champions, Penn State, via a penalty shootout in the semifinals which was their first non-win since they began playing in the tournament.^[9] The following year of 2001, BYU once again dominated the tournament, winning all six of their games and not only claiming their fifth title, but significantly outscoring their opponents with 26 goals for and only 5 goals against, with 3 of those goals conceded coming in the group stage finale against Texas.^[10] In 2002, looking to defend their title, BYU once again made its way to the finals where the title defenders would lose their crown via a 2–0 loss to their in-state rival Weber State.^[11] After this loss, BYU left NIRSA after establishing a franchise in the Premier Development League (later renamed to USL League Two), leaving the national tournament without its most successful team and opening up the tournament to other competitors.^{[12][13][14][15]}

Meanwhile, during the same first 10 years of the competition, the women's championship division saw several teams trading titles. By the 2003 tournament, the women's championship had four teams that had won multiple championships: Miami of Ohio, Colorado, Colorado State, and Michigan. Despite this fact, no team had gone back-to-back until the 2004 championships which saw rain cancelling the semi-finals, and subsequently naming four co-champions, one of which being defending champion Colorado. Three of these co-champions were repeat winners (Colorado, Colorado State, and Michigan) and the only co-champion without a previous title being a team that would go on to become the most successful team in the women's championship: UC Santa Barbara.^[1]

Three years after being named co-champion in the 2004 tournament, in 2007, UC Santa Barbara's women's team won its first outright championship tournament over reigning champions San Diego State in a penalty shoot-out while the men's team also won their first championship title.^[16] UCSB would then win the next four tournaments, from 2008-2011, giving them the longest streak of tournament championships across all four divisions with 5-straight titles, a record they still hold. The 2011 championship for UCSB also meant they had the most total titles for a single team across all four divisions (6), overtaking BYU who had 5 titles in the men's championship division. During this time, UCSB gained the longest women's national championship win streak with 21-straight wins from 2009 to 2012. The streak was ended in the finals of the 2012 championships in extra time to eventual champions Michigan State.^[17] This is the second longest national championship win streak, only behind BYU's 28-game win streak in the men's championship division from 1996–2000. The following year, the 2013 tournament saw the first time no champion was crowned for all four divisions due to rain cancelling play on the last day of the tournament. Following titles from Ohio State and Michigan State in 2014 and 2015 respectively, UCSB continued their winning ways by winning two straight titles again in 2016 and 2017, giving them their seventh and eighth titles.^[1]

Meanwhile, in the men's championship, it was discovered that in 2003, Illinois used ineligible players during their championship run, resulting in the first instance, since the inaugural 1995 men's open championship, where a championship was forfeited, and the only instance where no champion was crowned following the forfeiture.^[3][18] In 2007, the first penalty shootout was used to determine the men's national championship when UC Santa Barbara defeated Texas Tech 4–1 following a 0–0 game in regulation and overtime. This gave Texas Tech their fourth finals defeat in their four total finals appearances.^[16] The 2009 tournament saw Weber State win their second championship, only the second team to do so in the men's championship.^[19] Colorado would become the third, and most recent, team to do so the next year in 2010.^[20]

In 2017, BYU's men's soccer club left the PDL after 15 years to rejoin NIRSA. Despite missing 14 of the last 23 tournaments, BYU was still the men's most successful men's championship club with 5 national championships in just the first eight iterations of the competition. As if they had never left, BYU immediately continued its winning ways by winning the 2017 tournament. However, the following tournament, in 2018, BYU was eliminated in the quarterfinals to eventual champions, Florida, marking the only time the team has not made the finals while participating in this tournament. Following this defeat, BYU would win all of the following 4 tournaments. In 2022, BYU would retake sole possession of honor of having the most total titles for a single team across all four divisions with its ninth championship, overtaking UC Santa Barbara's women's team who had 8 championship titles. Following the 2023 tournament, BYU would become the first team with 10 titles and match their longest title streak with four straight titles.^[13]

During this time, the women's championship would see, for only its second team, a back-to-back champion in Ohio State who won in 2018 and 2019.^[1]

As the national tournament grew, a regional system was necessary to assist with national rankings, tournament seedings, and player eligibility. Regional tournaments did not start under the NIRSA umbrella, instead outside entities ran many of the initial tournaments. However, as the seasons progressed, NIRSA increased their direct supervision of tournaments and now all tournaments have NIRSA representation, including direct management from the NIRSA-appointed regional coordinators.^[4][5]

Notes:

Despite changing frequently, the format consistently remained a two stage tournament beginning with a round-robin group stage followed by a single-elimination knockout stage where group play standings were determined by the three-point system.

In the men's championship division, after starting with seven and eleven teams in their first two years respectively, the division moved to a 16-team format. Teams were divided into four groups of four teams and the top two teams from each group advanced to an 8-team knockout-round. This format was used for 7 years. In 2003, the tournament expanded to 24 teams utilizing an unconventional format. Teams were divided into four groups, each of them consisting of two pools of three teams each. In each of the pools, one team played both teams in its pool while the other two teams played a team from the other pool of its group. The top four teams from each of the four pools advanced to a 16-team knockout-round.^[18] Following this, the tournament implemented its current format. However, with rain cancelling the semi-finals, the tournament ended up continuing with a three-game group stage in Arizona a month later (UNC declined invitation to continue the tournament).^[21] The men have not changed their format since the 2004 tournament.^[8]

The women's championship division, like its male counterparts, began from humble beginnings with eight and twelve teams in its first two years respectively. The division moved to a 16-team format in 1996 with teams divided into four groups of four teams and the top two teams from each group advancing to an 8-team knockout-round.^[22] This format was held until 2009 when the tournament expanded to 24 teams.^[19] The current format was implemented and has remained with that format ever since.^[8]

Just like the championship divisions, the open divisions started off slow beginning a year after the first iteration of the competition in 1995 with only 6 teams each. The number of teams fluctuated year to year, but starting in 2000 the aim was to have 16 teams in each division.^[23] This was the case until 2004 when both open divisions expanded to have 20 teams divided into five groups of four advancing to an 8-team knockout-round.^[24] In 2005, the open divisions decreased to 16 teams again, and divided teams into four groups of four advancing to a round of 8.^[25] This was the format until 2012, when both open divisions implemented their current format.^[17]

No changes in the format have been made for any division since 2012.^[8]

Since 2009, each of the six regions were given three automatic bids to hand out amongst its members. Regions use their own intra-regional tournament to decide at least one of the bids they'll hand out. The remaining six bids are considered "at-large" and are given out by NIRSA once all regional play has concluded. The RPI system is favored when selecting at-large bids.^[26]

Notes:

Prior to the 2014 tournament, the open division was decided on a first come, first serve basis. However, due to the growing popularity, the open division has utilized a lottery system to select it's participating teams since 2014. The lottery is run prior to championship teams receiving a bid and 24 teams are initially selected: 4 teams from each region. After this, the remaining teams in each region are placed, in order, on the waitlist in the event one of the 24 teams is promoted to the championship division or if a team drops. If a region didn't have 4 teams apply for the lottery, other regions would have their waitlist teams fill those spots. To enter a name in the lottery, a team must have a membership in a NIRSA-affiliated league or have played at least four games against NIRSA-affiliated teams prior to the lottery selection.^[27][28][29]

The current format is a two stage tournament: a round-robin group stage followed by a single-elimination knockout stage

For the championship division group stage, the 24 teams are split into eight groups of three teams each. Each team plays every other team in their group. A total of 3 games are played within a group. The top two teams from each group advance to the round of 16 while the third placed team advances to a consolation bracket; both brackets become knockout competitions.

For the open division group stage, the 24 teams are split into six groups of four teams each. Each team plays every other team in their group. This means that a total of 6 games are played within a group. The six group winners, six runners-up, and the four best third placed teams advance to the round of 16 which becomes a knockout competition. The remaining teams are eliminated.

To determine group standings, the three-point system (three points for a win, one point for a draw, no points for a loss) is used. In the event two teams are tied on points after the group stage, ranking is determined as follows:

1. Winner in head-to-head competition in group play
2. Greatest goal differential (Max ±5 from any one match)
3. Greatest number of goals scored in group play
4. Greatest number of shutouts
5. NCAA kicks from the mark thirty minutes prior to next scheduled match

In the event all three teams are tied, steps 2–4 are once again used. If one team beats the other two teams in a tie breaker, they are ranked highest, then the remaining two teams restart the tie-breaking procedure. In the event all three teams are still tied after all 4 steps, a coin flip is conducted for each team. If one team gets a different result from both other teams, the two teams that tied compete in NCAA kicks from the mark where the winner then competes with the remaining team in NCAA kicks from the mark.

The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament, in which each team plays in a one-off match. In the event of a tie, two periods of extra time are used to decide the winner, with penalty shootouts being the final tie-breaker if one is still needed. The 16 advancing teams are seeded such that a group winner plays the runner-up of another group and where teams from the same group are placed on opposite ends of the bracket.

Games consist of two 40-minute halves. For pool play, round of 16, and quarterfinals halves are separated by a seven-minute halftime while the halves for the semifinals and finals are separated by a ten-minute halftime.^[30]

Below is a complete list of known finals held:^[31]

Notes

Below is a complete list of known finals held:^[31]

Notes

Below is a complete list of known finals held:^[31]

Notes

Below is a complete list of known finals held:^[31]

Notes

Key

•  CH  National Champion
•  RU  National Runner-up
•  F4  Final Four
•  E8  Elite Eight
•  16  Sweet Sixteen (Began in 2003)
•  •  Group Stage
•  C1  Consolation Champion (Began in 2003)
•  C2  Consolation Runner-up (Began in 2003)
•  C4  Consolation Final Four (Began in 2003)
•  C8  Consolation Elite Eight (Began in 2003)
•  CH  The team won the championship, but the participation was later vacated. These vacated appearances are not included in the total columns.