National Awakening (Iceland)

National Awakening

Þjóðvaki – Hreyfing Fólksins
National Awakening Þjóðvaki – Hreyfing Fólksins
Leader	Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
Founded	1994
Dissolved	2000
Split from	Social Democratic Party
Merged into	Social Democratic Alliance
Ideology	Social democracy
Political position	Centre-left
Election symbol
	J
	Politics of Iceland; Political parties; Elections;

National Awakening – People's Movement (Icelandic: Þjóðvaki – Hreyfing Fólksins, ÞPM) was a social-democratic^[1]^[2] political party in Iceland. The party was founded around Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, future Prime Minister of Iceland.^[3]

History

The party was formed in 1994 in preparation for the 1995 parliamentary election; one of the co-founders was Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir after she lost an internal election for the leadership of the Social Democratic Party.^[4] She was joined by members of the People's Alliance. In the 1995 parliamentary elections, the party won 7.2% of the vote and four seats.^[3]

On 2 October 1996, its members of parliament joined the Social Democratic Party to form a unified parliamentary group. For the 1999 parliamentary elections it formed the United Front electoral alliance with the Social Democratic Party and the People's Alliance and the Women's List, winning 30% of the vote and 20 seats.^[4]^[5] In 2000, the parties merged with to form the Social Democratic Alliance.

Electoral results

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Position	Government
1995	11,806	7.2	4 / 63	4	5th	Opposition

References

^ Svanur Kristjánsson (2006). "Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitution". In Kaare Strøm; Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. OUP Oxford. p. 402. ISBN 978-0-19-929160-1.
^ Bale, Tim (2021). Riding the populist wave: Europe's mainstream right in crisis. Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-009-00686-6. OCLC 1256593260.
^ ^a ^b Sverrir Jakobsson; Gudmundur Halfdanarson, eds. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Iceland. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-4422-6291-1.
^ ^a ^b Peter Lamb (2015). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4422-5827-3.
^ Svanur Kristjánsson; Indridi Indridason (2011). "Iceland: Dramatic Shifts". In Torbjörn Bergman; Kaare Strøm (eds.). The Madisonian Turn: Political Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe. University of Michigan Press. pp. 162, 165. ISBN 978-0-472-11747-5.

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[Kristjánsson2006-1] Svanur Kristjánsson (2006). "Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitution". In Kaare Strøm; Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. OUP Oxford. p. 402. ISBN 978-0-19-929160-1.

[2] Bale, Tim (2021). Riding the populist wave: Europe's mainstream right in crisis. Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-009-00686-6. OCLC 1256593260.

[JakobssonHalfdanarson2016-3] Sverrir Jakobsson; Gudmundur Halfdanarson, eds. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Iceland. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-4422-6291-1.

[Lamb2015-4] Peter Lamb (2015). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4422-5827-3.

[KristjánssonIndridason2011-5] Svanur Kristjánsson; Indridi Indridason (2011). "Iceland: Dramatic Shifts". In Torbjörn Bergman; Kaare Strøm (eds.). The Madisonian Turn: Political Parties and Parliamentary Democracy in Nordic Europe. University of Michigan Press. pp. 162, 165. ISBN 978-0-472-11747-5.

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