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National Awakening Party

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 13 min
Not to be confused with Nusantara Awakening Party.
For the Icelandic political party, see National Awakening (Iceland).
National Awakening Party
Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa
AbbreviationPKB
General ChairmanMuhaimin Iskandar
Secretary-GeneralHasanuddin Wahid
DPR group leaderJazilul Fawaid
Founded9 July 1998; 26 years ago (9 July 1998)
23 July 1998; 26 years ago (23 July 1998) (declaration)
HeadquartersJakarta
Student wingGemasaba (One Nation's Student Movement)
Youth wingGarda Bangsa (Nation's Guard)
Membership (2022)388,638[1]
IdeologyPancasila
Islamic democracy[2]
Pluralism[3]
Indonesian nationalism[4]
Centrism[5]
Political positionCentre[5]
National affiliationAdvanced Indonesia Coalition
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International
Regional affiliationCouncil of Asian Liberals and Democrats
Asia Pacific Democrat Union
Anthem
  • Hymne PKB
    (PKB Hymn)
  • Mars PKB
    (PKB March)
Ballot number1
DPR seats
68 / 580
DPRD I seats
220 / 2,372
DPRD II seats
1,833 / 17,510
Website
pkb.id

The National Awakening Party (Indonesian: Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa; lit. 'Party of the Nation's Awakening'), frequently abbreviated to PKB, is an Islam-based[6][7] political party in Indonesia. It is also the party of the former Vice President of Indonesia, Ma'ruf Amin, who was elected to its Shura Council.

The party was founded in 1999 by the traditionalist strand of Muslim society in Indonesia, which overlaps with the membership of Nahdlatul Ulama.[8] The party is described as a nationalist Muslim party, which promotes inclusive and nationalist principles and upholds Pancasila doctrine.[6]

In 2014, the party obtained 9.04 percent of the popular vote, which is an increase from 4.95 percent in 2009 but lower than 10.57 percent in 2004.[6] The party is currently led by Muhaimin Iskandar.

Origins

[edit]

The PKB was established on 11 May 1998. Kyai (religious scholars), held a meeting at the Langitan Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) to discuss several problems facing Indonesia they deemed to be critical. They developed an official statement, which Kyai Muchid Muzadi of Jember and Gus Yusuf Muhammad, were sent to deliver to President Suharto. Before they were able to deliver the statement, however, Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998.

On 30 May 1998, the Kyai held a grand meeting, or Istighosah, at the office of the East Java branch of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Islamic organization. The meeting resulted in KH Cholil Bisri being urged to form a party based on the NU's political aspirations. After initially resisting their request, due to his desire to continue his work with the pesantren, Bisri eventually relented and accepted the leadership role.

A week later, on 6 June, Bisri met the Kyai in order to discuss the formation of the new party. Invitations had been sent via telephone, and more than 200 Kyai attended the meeting, which was held in Bisri's home in Leteh, Rembang, Central Java. This meeting resulted in the formation of the "Standing Committee", consisting of 11 people, with Bisri as chairman and Gus Yus as secretary. In turn, this committee worked in a marathon session, preparing a platform and party components, including the logos which would become the party's symbol. The logos were created by KH A. Mustofa Bisri.

The Standing Committee and representatives of the NU held a major conference in Bandung, on 4 July 1998, which was attended by 27 regional representatives. In a discussion regarding the name of the organization, the proposed names were the "National Awakening Party", the "Nahdlatul Ummah Awakening Party" and the "Ummah Party". The name chosen was "Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa" (PKB) meaning "National Awakening Party". The party's declaratory was 72 people, representing the age of the NU organization, consisting of the Standing Committee Team (11), the Lajnah Assistance Team (14), Team NU (5), the NU Assistance Team (7), and two Representatives from each of the 27 regions (27 x 2). The 72 founders signed the Party's Platform and its components.

Subsequent to this, however, the PBNU decided that only five people could become the party's declaratory. Those five were Kyai Munasir Ali, Kyai Ilyas Ruchiyat, Kyai Muchid Muzadi, KH A. Mustofa Bisri and KH Abddurahman Wahid, who was the chairman of the PBNU. The 72 names of the party's original declaratory were erased by the PBNU.

The party's base of support is strongest in Java Island and draws from the constituency that formerly supported the conservative Muslim organization NU. The PKB differs from Nahdlatul Ulama in that while it supports a role for Islam in government, it does not share the older organization's support for an explicitly Islamic republic.[9]

General elections

[edit]

The National Awakening Party stood in the 1999 elections, winning 13 percent of the votes. In the 2004 elections, the party gained 10.57% (11,989,564) of votes and 52 seats in the People's Representative Council. However, the party won only 4.9 percent of the votes in the 2009 legislative election, and 27 seats in the legislature.[10][11]

Policies

[edit]

According to the party website, the party's policies are to:[12]

  • Strengthen democracy to increase the prosperity of people living in villages
  • Strengthen the protection of farmers and fishermen
  • Accelerate the development of disadvantaged regions
  • Make labourers prosperous
  • Increase the involvement of women in strategic sectors

For the 2014 elections, the party plans to focus more intensively on its policies related to villages, in particular such as village representation, the allocation of funding for villages and the development of education and health facilities.

2024 Planned Takeover by Nahdlatul Ulama

[edit]

Relationship of National Awakening Party and Nahdlatul Ulama became worsened due to differences in political stance during 2024 Indonesian general election.[13][14] Since Muhaimin Iskandar loss in the election, the party increasingly distanced itself from Nahdlatul Ulama and often taking actions that disadvantaging Nahdlatul Ulama political interests. Due to this, Nahdlatul Ulama Central Committee announced plan for taking over the National Awakening Party leadership on 26 July 2024.[15][16]

Election results

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Legislative election results

[edit]
Election Ballot number Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1999 35
51 / 500
 13,336,982 12.61%[17] Increase51 seats, Governing coalition Matori Abdul Djalil
2004 15
52 / 550
 11,989,564 10.57%[18] Increase1 seat, Governing coalition Alwi Shihab
2009 13
28 / 560
 5,146,302 4.94%[18] Decrease24 seats, Governing coalition Muhaimin Iskandar
2014 2
47 / 560
 11,298,957 9.04%[19] Increase19 seats, Governing coalition Muhaimin Iskandar
2019 1
58 / 575
 13,570,097 9.69%[20] Increase11 seats, Governing coalition Muhaimin Iskandar
2024 1
68 / 580
 16,115,358 10.62% Increase10 seats, Governing coalition[21] Muhaimin Iskandar

Presidential election results

[edit]
Election Ballot number Candidate Running mate 1st round
(Total votes) 		Share of votes Outcome 2nd round
(Total votes) 		Share of votes Outcome
2004 4 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Jusuf Kalla 39,838,184 33.57% Runoff 69,266,350 60.62% Elected
2009 2 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Boediono 73,874,562 60.80% Elected
2014 2 Joko Widodo[22] Jusuf Kalla 70,997,833 53.15% Elected
2019 1 Joko Widodo Ma'ruf Amin 85,607,362 55.50% Elected
2024 1 Anies Baswedan Muhaimin Iskandar 40,971,906 24.95% Lost

Note: Bold text indicates the party member

List of deputy speakers of the People's Representative Council from PKB

[edit]
# Portrait Deputy speaker Assumed office Left office Time in office Serving with Speaker Term
1 Khofifah Indar Parawansa 6 October 1999 28 October 1999 22 days Hamzah Haz Akbar Tandjung 14
A.M. Fatwa
2 Muhaimin Iskandar 28 October 1999 1 October 2004 4 years, 339 days Tosari Widjaja
A.M. Fatwa
1 October 2004 1 October 2009 5 years, 0 days Soetardjo Soerjogoeritno Agung Laksono 15
Zaenal Ma'arif
(2004–2007)
1 October 2019 1 October 2024 5 years, 0 days Azis Syamsuddin
(2019–2021) 		Puan Maharani 18
Lodewijk F. Paulus
(2021–2024)
Sufmi Dasco Ahmad
Rachmad Gobel
3 Cucun Ahmad Syamsurijal 1 October 2024 Incumbent 53 days Adies Kadir 19
Sufmi Dasco Ahmad
Saan Mustopa
Colour key

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Info Pemilu - Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa". Komisi Pemilihan Umum RI. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  2. ^ King, Blair A. (2011). "Chapter 4. Government and Politics". In Frederick, William H.; Worden, Robert L. (eds.). Indonesia: A Country Study. Area handbook series, 39. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (6th ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-8444-0790-6.
  3. ^ "PKB Bangga Gus Dur Digelari Bapak Pluralisme".
  4. ^ Bulkin, Nadia (24 October 2013). "Indonesia's Political Parties". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Guide to the 2019 Indonesian elections: A little psephology". October 2018.
  6. ^ a b c Al-Hamdi, Ridho. (2017). Moving towards a Normalised Path: Political Islam in Contemporary Indonesia. JURNAL STUDI PEMERINTAHAN (JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT & POLITICS). Vol. 8 No. 1, February 2017. p.52, pp.56, p.62.
  7. ^ Al-Hamdi, Ridho. (2013). Partai politik Islam: Teori dan praktik di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
  8. ^ Evans, Kevin Raymond. (2003). The history of political parties and general elections in Indonesia. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
  9. ^ Evans, Kevin R (2003). The history of political parties & general elections in Indonesia. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
  10. ^ "Democratic Party controls 26% of parliamentary seats". Jakarta Post. 10 May 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  11. ^ "KPU Ubah Perolehan Kursi Parpol di DPR (KPU Changes Allocations of Parties' seats in the DPR)". Indonesian General Election Commission (in Indonesian). 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  12. ^ "Pemilu 2014, PKB Usung Platform dan Visi Kerakyatan". PKB official site (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
  13. ^ Farisi, Ahmad. "Meng-NU-kan NU, Mem-PKB-kan PKB". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  14. ^ Setiawan, Riyan (2022-01-31). "Menilik Hubungan NU & PKB yang Memanas Usai Safari Politik Cak Imin". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  15. ^ detikcom, Tim. "PBNU Siapkan Pansus Kembalikan PKB ke NU!". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  16. ^ Amin, Irfan (2024-07-26). "Ingin Evaluasi PKB, PBNU Wacanakan Bentuk Pansus Tim Lima". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  17. ^ "Pemilu 1999 - KPU" (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Bab V - Hasil Pemilu - KPU" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  19. ^ "KPU sahkan hasil pemilu, PDIP nomor satu" (in Indonesian). BBC. 10 May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  20. ^ Zunita Putri (21 May 2019). "KPU Tetapkan Hasil Pileg 2019: PDIP Juara, Disusul Gerindra-Golkar". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  21. ^ "PKB Bakal Nyatakan Sikap Resmi Merapat ke Prabowo di Muktamar Bali". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  22. ^ "Jokowi dan JK daftar ke KPU" (in Indonesian). BBC. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
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