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National Front for Liberation

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 18 min

Not to be confused with National Front for the Liberation of Syria or National Liberation Front.

National Front for Liberation
الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير
LeadersSince August 2018:

May–August 2018:

Dates of operation28 May 2018 – 29 January 2025
AllegianceSyrian opposition Syrian Interim Government
Active regionsNorthwestern Syria
Size70,000 (claimed, 2018)[3]
40,000 (2025)[4]
Part ofSyrian opposition Free Syrian Army (May-August, 2018)[2]
Syrian National Army (since October 2019)[5]
Unified Military Council (Idlib)
Military Operations Command
Allies Turkey[6]
Army of Glory
Tahrir al-Sham[7]
Opponents Ba'athist Syria
Russia
Iran
Syrian Democratic Forces[8]
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War
Websitehttps://twitter.com/alwataniatahrer

The National Front for Liberation (Arabic: الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير, Al-Jabhat al-Wataniya lil-Tahrir) is a Syrian rebel coalition that was part of the Syrian National Army (SNA) fighting in the Syrian Civil War. The group was formed by 11 rebel factions in northwestern Syria in May 2018,[10] and was officially announced on 28 May 2018. The formation receives major support from Turkey.[6] The group joined the SNA on 4 October 2019.[5]

At the event on 29 January declaring the victory of the Syrian revolution, most factions of the armed opposition, including the Syrian National Army, which the NFL is part of, announced their pending dissolution. Around 80,000 fighters[11] are expected to be incorporated into the newly formed Ministry of Defense.[12]

Commanders

[edit]

From 28 May to 1 August 2018, Colonel Fadlallah al-Haji of the Sham Legion was the group's overall commander, Lieutenant Colonel Suhaib Leoush of the Free Idlib Army was its deputy commander, and Major Muhammad Mansour of the Army of Victory was its chief of staff.[2]

On 1 August, Ahmad Sarhan ("Abu Satif") of the Suqour al-Sham Brigades and Walid al-Mushayil ("Abu Hashim") of Jaysh al-Ahrar were named as the group's new first and second deputy commanders, respectively, while Walid al-Mushayil ("Abu Hashim") of Ahrar al-Sham was appointed chief of staff.[1]

History

[edit]

2018

[edit]

On 1 August, the Syrian Liberation Front, which was formed by Ahrar al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement in February 2018, as well as Jaysh al-Ahrar and the Damascus Gathering, joined the formation.[1]

On 5 August, the NFL arrested 45 people accused of attempting to reconcile with the Syrian government in al-Ghab Plain and Mount Shashabo in the western Hama countryside.[13] On 13 August, the crackdown campaign was expanded to Maarat al-Nu'man and Ariha.[14]

On 9 August, the NFL's Sham Legion launched an attack on a People's Protection Units (YPG) cell in the southeastern Afrin countryside, killing four YPG fighters and capturing small arms and ammunition.[8]

On 14 August, the group released a video showing the training of its self-proclaimed "Unit 82 SWAT Forces".[15] On the same day, a group of around 200 fighters formed the Free Hayan Brigade and joined the NFL in order to "unite factions", "fight forces of the Syrian regime", and avoid rebel infighting.[16] The next day, the Free North Brigade, which operates around the same area, also joined the NFL.[17] On 27 August, the Imam Ali Battalion joined the Free North Brigade.

2019

[edit]

In January 2019, following defeat at the hands of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, Nour al-Zenki left Idlib for the north, leaving the NFL.[18][19]

On 26 March 2019, the National Front for Liberation released a statement declaring its rejection and condemnation of the United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel.[citation needed]

During the Syrian military’s Northwestern Syria offensive (April 2019–present) against rebel-held territory, the NFL cooperated with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in the battle over Kfar Nabuda in Idlib, May 2019.[7] It also cooperated with the Army of Glory, and other rebel groups to counter the offensive.[citation needed]

It merged with the SNA in October 2019. According to Middle East Eye, neither the NFL nor SNA fighters had been informed of the merger, which was announced at a press conference in Urfa, southern Turkey.[20]

On 9 October 2019, 500 fighters from the Army of Glory, including its deputy commander-in-chief Captain Manaf Maarati and spokesman Captain Mustafa Maarati, reportedly defected to the NFL.[21]

2020

[edit]

On 15 March 2020, Step News Agency reported that Fadlallah al-Haji had resigned from his position on the orders of the Turkish government. The move came after the discovery of a large-scale embezzlement involving the Sham Legion and other groups within the NFL who misrepresented the amount of fighters within their ranks in order to receive extra salaries from their Turkish ally. Turkey requested the NFL to prepare between 2,000 and 3,000 fighters to prepare for a Turkish Armed Forces-led military offensive against the Syrian Armed Forces in the western Aleppo Governorate in the event of the Russia–Turkey ceasefire breaking down, but the NFL only equipped 350 fighters after submitting 14,000 fake names to Turkey.[22] However, Enab Baladi contacted Captain Naji Mustafa, who denied that al-Haji had resigned,[23] and al-Haji continues to serve as the commander-in-chief of the NFL.[24]

2024

[edit]

In November 2024, the National Front for Liberation joined in on the HTS-led Operation Deterrence of Aggression, launching a coordinated assault on regime positions in northwestern Syria. During the 2024 Battle of Aleppo, NFL fighters played a key role in helping to take control of city alongside other rebel factions. within two weeks, the combined efforts of the Deterrence of Aggression factions and southern rebel groups ultimately led to the swift collapse of the Assad regime by December of 2024.[25]

In late January of 2025, the NFL participated in the Syrian Victory Conference, held in Damascus to chart the country’s post-war future. The group, alongside the rest of the Syrian National Army and other rebel groups, agreed to formally dissolve and integrate into the newly established Ministry of Defense under the new Syrian Transitional Government.[26]

Member groups

[edit]

Former groups

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Meet the leading leaders of the "National Liberation Front"". Enab Baladi. 1 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d "11 FSA Factions in New Command in of "National Front Liberation"". Syria Call. 28 May 2018. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  3. ^ "المعارضة المعتدلة.. القوة الأساسية في إدلب | هيومن فويس | عين على الحقيقة". هيومن فويس | عين على الحقيقة (in Arabic). 11 September 2018. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Syria's New Rulers Are Working To Unify Military Power". Rahaf Aldoughli. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2025.
  5. ^ a b "At the request of the Turkish Government, the National Liberation Front merges with the "National Army" in the form of 4 Corps of the "Ministry of Defense within the interim Syrian government"". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  6. ^ a b "11 فصيلًا يشكلون "الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير" في إدلب". Enab Baladi. 29 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  7. ^ a b Anchal Vohra (May 2019). "Turkey-backed fighters join forces with HTS rebels in Idlib". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  8. ^ a b c "Four dead for "units" Kurdish in Afrin region in confrontations with the "free"". SMART News Agency. 9 August 2018. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Are the Idlib civil war and HTS domination the end of the Syrian revolution?". Middle East Monitor. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
  10. ^ "Many factions in the province of Idlib are moving to merge under the name "National Liberation Front"". Syria Call. 11 May 2018. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  11. ^ "Forging a united front: The challenges of building Syria's new army". The New Arab. 3 February 2025.
  12. ^ "Syrian Leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa Delivers 'Victory Speech,' Outlines Syria's Future Roadmap, Announces Dissolution Of Ba'ath Party, Armed Factions Into New 'Syrian Army'; Military Operations Command Declares Al-Sharaa President Of Syria During Transitional Phase". MEMRI. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  13. ^ ""National Liberation Front" begins a security campaign against "Orabi reconciliation"". Enab Baladi. 5 August 2018. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  14. ^ ""National Liberation Front" campaign against promoters of surrender to the Syrian regime expands to the cities of "Ma'arat al-Nu'man and Ariha". Syria Call. 13 August 2018. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  15. ^ @alwataniathrer (14 August 2018). "National Front for Liberation" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. ^ a b "Dozens of fighters form the brigade of northern Aleppo and declare joining the "National Front"". SMART News Agency. 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  17. ^ a b الشامية, محرر الدرر (15 August 2018). ""الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير" تتوسّع بانضمام فصيل عسكري جديد". الدرر الشامية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  18. ^ "تعرف على تشكيلات "الجيش الوطني السوري" المعارض (ملف)". عربي21 (in Arabic). 10 August 2020. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Eyeing greater bargaining power, Tahrir Al Sham seizes wider slices of Syria's north". The National. 7 January 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  20. ^ Ragip Soylu, Harun al-Aswad (4 October 2019). "Syrian rebel groups merge as Turkish offensive looms". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  21. ^ "Including leaders in the first row .. Defected elements of the "Army of Glory"". Zaman al-Wasl. 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  22. ^ "خاص| اختلاس بالملايين وقوائم وهمية.. حقائق تكشفها "ستيب" عن عزل قائد الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير". Step News Agency (in Arabic). 15 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  23. ^ "How true is the resignation of Fadlallah al-Hajji from the leadership of the "National Front" in Idlib". Enab Baladi. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  24. ^ @calibreobscura (21 July 2021). "Idlib: During a visit to the fronts by Fadlallah al-Haji for Eid Al-Adha, quite a decent look at an NLF Grad launcher (14 tube, 4 of which are loaded, and based on a Toyota), and a somewhat less decent view of what looks like a D-30 howitzer" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  25. ^ Abdel Halim Suleiman (4 December 2024). "الغنائم تشعل خلافات المعارضة السورية قبل انتهاء المعارك". The Independent. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  26. ^ "Syrian Leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa Delivers 'Victory Speech,' Outlines Syria's Future Roadmap, Announces Dissolution Of Ba'ath Party, Armed Factions Into New 'Syrian Army'; Military Operations Command Declares Al-Sharaa President Of Syria During Transitional Phase". MEMRI. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  27. ^ "The assassination of a leader of Ahrar al-Sham north of Idlib, and the last escape of the west of Hama". STEP News Agency. 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  28. ^ "UNITING THE SYRIAN OPPOSITION THE COMPONENTS OF THE NATIONAL ARMY AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNIFICATION" (PDF). ÖMER ÖZKIZILCIK. October 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  29. ^ "THE SNA ENCYCLOPEDIA: A GUIDE TO THE TURKISH PROXY MILITIAS" (PDF). Rojava information center. August 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2025.
  30. ^ "National Front for Liberation (الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير) on X". 11 November 2023.
  31. ^ a b c "Idlib: The National Front reduces the number of its factions through mergers". Syria.tv. 13 November 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2025.
  32. ^ a b "The National Front in Idlib officially comments on the "Falcons of the Levant" decision to withdraw from the area". Syria TV - Istanbul. 10 December 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2025.
  33. ^ Alexander Falconer (5 June 2018). "Shuhada al-Islam Brigade Announces Integration with Faylaq al-Sham". El-Dorar Al-Shamia. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
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