National origin

National origin is the nation where a person was born, or where that person's ancestors came from. It also includes the diaspora of multi-ethnic states and societies that have a shared sense of common identity identical to that of a nation while being made up of several component ethnic groups. National origin can be the same, different from, or a combination of a person's national identity, which is the nation with which a person subjectively identifies with; in some cases, such as children born to expatriates, temporary residents or diplomatic and consular staff, a person may not identify with the nation in which they were born. National origin and national identity which can be tied to each other should also be distinguished from a person's nationality or citizenship which is a legal status in which a sovereign state recognizes someone as belonging to their country.

Discrimination

In Europe, discrimination against a person on the basis of national origin is considered a type of racial discrimination.^[1] The UK's Race Relations Act 1976 names discrimination on the basis of national origin as discrimination on racial grounds.^[1] The European Union's Racial Equality Directive prohibits discrimination on the basis of national origin.^[1]

In the US, it is illegal to discriminate against a person on the basis of national origin in education, employment, housing, lending, or other specified areas.^[2] For example, employers cannot refuse to hire job applicants or treat employees differently because of where they were born, their ancestry, their culture, the languages they speak, or speaking with an accent.^[2] Workplace rules that require employees in the US to speak only English on the job can be a form of discrimination on the basis of national origin, but employers may have a legitimate business need for employees to speak English at work, such as to provide adequate supervision or to prevent the isolation and alienation of employees and customers that do not speak the same non-English language.^[3]

Under Australian law, discrimination on the basis of national origin is illegal, whereas discrimination on the basis of nationality or citizenship is not; national origin is determined only by the situation at an individual's time of birth (their birthplace or the national origin of their parents), not by factors subsequent to their birth (such as naturalisation or Renunciation of citizenship).^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Schiek, Dagmar; Waddington, Lisa; Bell, Mark; Choudhury, Tufyal; Schutter, Olivier De; Gerards, Janneke; QC, Aileen McColgan; Moon, Gay (2007-08-31). Cases, Materials and Text on National, Supranational and International Non-Discrimination Law: Ius Commune Casebooks for the Common Law of Europe. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84731-697-4.
^ ^a ^b Federal Protections Against National Origin Discrimination. U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. 2001.
^ Notestine, Kerry E.; Section, American Bar Association Tort and Insurance Practice (2000). Fundamentals of Employment Law. American Bar Association. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-1-57073-806-7.
^ "National Origin | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-04-02.

[:0-1] Schiek, Dagmar; Waddington, Lisa; Bell, Mark; Choudhury, Tufyal; Schutter, Olivier De; Gerards, Janneke; QC, Aileen McColgan; Moon, Gay (2007-08-31). Cases, Materials and Text on National, Supranational and International Non-Discrimination Law: Ius Commune Casebooks for the Common Law of Europe. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84731-697-4.

[:1-2] Federal Protections Against National Origin Discrimination. U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. 2001.

[3] Notestine, Kerry E.; Section, American Bar Association Tort and Insurance Practice (2000). Fundamentals of Employment Law. American Bar Association. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-1-57073-806-7.

[4] "National Origin | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-04-02.

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v t e Ethnicity
Concepts	Clan Ethnic group Ethnographic group Ethnolinguistic group Ethnonational group Ethnoreligious group Ethnographic realism Diaspora Immigration Hyphenated ethnicity Indigenous peoples In-group and out-groups Meta-ethnicity Metroethnicity Minority group Influence Monoethnicity Nation Nationality Panethnicity Polyethnicity Population Race Supraethnicity Symbolic ethnicity Tribe
Ethnology	Anthropology Ethnic studies Ethnoarchaeology Ethnobiology Ethnobotany Ethnoecology Ethnomycology Ethnozoology Ethnocinema Ethnogeology Ethnography Autoethnography Clinical Critical Institutional Netnography Online Person-centered Salvage Transidioethnography Video Ethnohistory Ethnolinguistics Ethnology Ethnomathematics Ethnostatistics Ethnomedicine Ethnomethodology Ethnomuseology Ethnomusicology Ethnophilosophy Ethnopoetics Ethnopsychopharmacology Ethnoscience Ethnosemiotics Ethnotaxonomy
Groups by region	World Contemporary ethnic groups Countries by ethnic groups Africa Americas Indigenous Canada Greenland Mexico United States Caribbean Central America South America Asia Central Asia East Asia Northern Asia South Asia Southeast Asia West Asia Australia Aboriginal groups Torres Strait Islanders Europe Oceania Indigenous European
Identity and ethnogenesis	Cross-race effect Cultural assimilation Cultural identity Demonym Development Endonym Ethnarch Ethnic flag Ethnic option Ethnic origin Ethnic religion Ethnicity in censuses Ethnofiction Ethnonym Folk religion Historical Imagined community Kinship Legendary progenitor Linguistic homeland Mores Mythomoteur Nation-building Nation state National language National myth Origin myth Pantribal sodality Statistext Tribal name Tribalism Detribalization Neotribalism White ethnic
Multiethnic society	Consociationalism Cultural appropriation Diaspora politics Dominant minority Ethnic democracy Ethnic enclave Ethnic interest group Ethnic majority Ethnic media Ethnic nationalism Ethnic pornography Ethnic theme park Ethnoburb Ethnocracy Ethnographic film Ethnographic village Ethnopluralism Indigenous rights Middleman minority Minority rights Model minority Model minority myth Multinational state
Ideology and ethnic conflict	Allophilia Ethnic bioweapon Ethnic cleansing Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnic party Ethnic penalty Ethnic slurs Ethnic stereotype Ethnic violence Ethnic riots Ethnocentrism Ethnocide Ethnofuturism Ethnosymbolism Indigenism Indigenization Nativism Separatist movements Xenocentrism Xenophilia Xenophobia
Related	Minzu (anthropology)