Year
|
Finalist
|
Country
|
Nominating Juror
|
1970 |
Giuseppe Ungaretti |
Italy
|
No information provided about the individual nominations from the jurors.
|
Conrad Aiken |
United States
|
John Berryman |
United States
|
Jorge Luis Borges |
Argentina
|
Edward Brathwaite |
Barbados
|
Hans Magnus Enzensberger |
West Germany
|
Graham Greene |
England
|
Jorge Guillén |
Spain
|
Zbigniew Herbert |
Poland
|
Pierre-Jean Jouve |
France
|
Pablo Neruda |
Chile
|
Francis Ponge |
France
|
Alexander Solzhenitsyn |
Soviet Union
|
1972 |
Gabriel García Márquez |
Colombia |
Thor Vilhjálmsson (Iceland)
|
Zbigniew Herbert |
Poland |
François Bondy (Switzerland)
|
Vasko Popa |
Yugoslavia |
T. Carmi (Israel)
|
Claude Simon |
France |
Odysseus Elytis (Greece)
|
Harold Pinter |
England |
Jovan Hristic (Yugoslavia)
|
Paavo Haavikko |
Finland |
Kai Laitinen (Finland)
|
Birago Diop |
Senegal |
Camara Laye (Guinea)
|
Nathalie Sarraute |
France |
Vera Linhartová (Czechoslovakia)
|
Czesław Miłosz |
Poland/ United States |
Kenneth Rexroth (US)
|
Octavio Paz |
Mexico |
Fernand Verhesen (Belgium)
|
1974 |
Francis Ponge |
France |
Michel Butor (France)
|
Wole Soyinka |
Nigeria |
Chinua Achebe (Nigeria)
|
Georges Schéhadé |
Lebanon/ France |
Adonis (Lebanon)
|
Ian Hamilton Finlay |
Scotland |
Ernst Jandl (Austria)
|
Gyula Illyés |
Hungary |
Ferenc Karinthy (Hungary)
|
Eyvind Johnson |
Sweden |
Olof Lagercrantz (Sweden)
|
Zaharia Stancu |
Romania |
George Dem. Loghin (Romania)
|
Allen Tate |
United States |
Mario Luzi (Italy)
|
Doris Lessing |
Zimbabwe |
Joyce Carol Oates (US)
|
Henri Michaux |
Belgium/ France |
Andri Peer (Switzerland)
|
Anna Seghers |
West Germany |
John Willett (UK)
|
1976 |
Elizabeth Bishop |
United States |
John Ashbery (USA) and Marie-Claire Blais (Canada)
|
Yannis Ritsos |
Greece |
Melih Cevdet Anday (Turkey)
|
Anaïs Nin |
France/ Cuba/ United States |
Agustí Bartra (Spain)
|
Bert Schierbeek |
Netherlands |
H. C. ten Berge (The Netherlands)
|
Andrei Voznesensky |
Soviet Union |
Paal Brekke (Norway)
|
Wole Soyinka |
Nigeria |
Dennis Brutus (South Africa)
|
Tawfiq al-Hakim |
Egypt |
Mohammed Dib (Algeria)
|
Czesław Miłosz |
Poland/ United States |
Zbigniew Herbert (Poland)
|
Robert Lowell |
United States |
Thomas Kinsella (Ireland)
|
Tadeusz Rózewicz |
Poland |
Günter Kunert (East Germany)
|
1978 |
Czesław Miłosz |
Poland/ United States |
Joseph Brodsky (US/USSR)
|
Anthony Powell |
England |
Tuomas Anhava (Finland)
|
Nadezhda Mandelstam |
Soviet Union |
Thorkild Bjørnvig (Denmark)
|
Carlos Drummond de Andrade |
Brazil |
Antônio Candido (Brazil)
|
Zbigniew Herbert |
Poland |
Walter Helmut Fritz (West Germany)
|
János Pilinszky |
Hungary |
Ágnes Gergely (Hungary)
|
Elias Canetti |
Austria/ Bulgaria/ England |
Wolfgang Kraus (Austria)
|
Graham Greene |
England |
R. K. Narayan (India)
|
Eudora Welty |
United States |
William Jay Smith (US)
|
V. S. Naipaul |
Trinidad and Tobago/ England |
Derek Walcott (Saint Lucia)
|
Georges Schéhadé |
Lebanon/ France |
Andrée Chedid (Egypt/France)
|
1980 |
Josef Škvorecký |
Czechoslovakia/ Canada |
Arnost Lustig (Czechoslovakia/US)
|
Alberto de Lacerda |
Portugal |
Luis Amorim de Sousa (Portugal)
|
Breyten Breytenbach |
South Africa |
André Brink (South Africa)
|
Yves Bonnefoy |
France |
Claude Esteban (France)
|
Günter Grass |
West Germany |
Thomas Keneally (Australia)
|
Kim Chi-ha |
South Korea |
Yotaro Konaka (Japan) and Muriel Rukeyser (US)
|
Mulk Raj Anand |
India |
Shiv K. Kumar (India)
|
Miroslav Krleza |
Yugoslavia |
Vasa D. Mihailovich (Yugoslavia/US)
|
Yannis Ritsos |
Greece |
George Savidis (Greece)
|
Norman Maccaig |
Scotland |
Alexander Scott (UK)
|
1982 |
Octavio Paz |
Mexico |
Manuel Durán (Spain/US)
|
Ted Hughes |
England |
Yehuda Amichai (Israel)
|
Laura Riding |
United States |
Poul Borum (Denmark)
|
Robert Penn Warren |
United States |
John L. Brown (US)
|
Vladimir Voinovich |
Soviet Union/ West Germany |
Efim Etkind (USSR/France)
|
Max Frisch |
Switzerland |
Francine du Plessix Gray (US)
|
Guillevic |
France |
Mimmo Morina (Italy/Luxembourg)
|
Ba Jin |
China |
Hualing Nieh (China/US)
|
Artur Lundkvist |
Sweden |
Östen Sjöstrand (Sweden)
|
Leonardo Sciascia |
Italy |
Giancarlo Vigorelli (Italy)
|
1984 |
Paavo Haavikko |
Finland |
Bo Carpelan (Finland)
|
Zbigniew Herbert |
Poland |
Stanislaw Baranczak (Poland/US)
|
Jorge Amado |
Brazil |
Mouloud Mammeri (Algeria)
|
Howard Brenton |
England |
Kamala Markandaya (India/UK)
|
Christopher Logue |
England |
N. Scott Momaday (US)
|
Sándor Weöres |
Hungary |
Ottó Orbán (Hungary)
|
Ernesto Sábato |
Argentina |
Edouard Roditi (US/France)
|
Mohammed Dib |
Algeria/ France |
Eric Sellin (US)
|
Donald Davie |
England |
Charles Tomlinson (UK)
|
Jorge Luis Borges |
Argentina |
Luisa Valenzuela (Argentina)
|
Manès Sperber |
Austria/ France |
Elie Wiesel (US/Israel/France)
|
1986 |
Max Frisch |
Switzerland |
Adolf Muschg (Switzerland)
|
Wole Soyinka |
Nigeria |
Maya Angelou (US)
|
Francisco Ayala |
Spain |
José Luis Cano (Spain)
|
Primo Levi |
Italy |
Margherita Guidacci (Italy)
|
Kenzaburo Oe |
Japan |
Shuichi Kato (Japan)
|
Jorge Luis Borges |
Argentina |
Sigurur Magnússon (Iceland)
|
Günter Grass |
West Germany |
Gregory Rabassa (US)
|
Yves Bonnefoy |
France |
Anthony Rudolf (UK)
|
Eugène Ionesco |
Romania/ France |
Iordan Chimet (Romania)
|
Mavis Gallant |
Canada/ France |
Mordecai Richler (Canada)
|
1988 |
Raja Rao |
India |
Edwin Thumboo (Singapore)
|
Ghérasim Luca |
Romania/ France |
Andrei Codrescu (Romania/US)
|
Stanislaw Lem |
Poland |
Lars Gustafsson (Sweden)
|
René Char |
France |
Raymond Jean (France)
|
Milan Kundera |
Czechoslovakia/ France |
Algirdas Landsbergis (Lithuania/US)
|
Léopold Sédar Senghor |
Senegal |
Jean-Luc Moreau (France)
|
João Cabral de Melo Neto |
Brazil |
Nélida Piñon (Brazil)
|
Peter Handke |
Austria |
Jutta Schutting (Austria)
|
Roy Fisher |
England |
Jon Silkin (England)
|
Nadine Gordimer |
South Africa |
Susan Sontag (US)
|
Paule Marshall |
Barbados/ United States |
George Lamming (Barbados)
|
1990 |
Tomas Tranströmer |
Sweden |
Jaan Kaplinski (Estonia)
|
Östen Sjöstrand |
Sweden |
Homero Aridjis (Mexico)
|
Mohammed Dib |
Algeria |
Assia Djebar (Algeria)
|
Rolf Jacobsen |
Norway |
Knut Faldbakken (Norway)
|
Mavis Gallant |
Canada/ France |
Robert Pinget (France)
|
Yordan Radichkov |
Bulgaria |
Vera Gancheva (Bulgaria)
|
György Konrád |
Hungary |
George Gömöri Piñon (Hungary/UK)
|
Michel Leiris |
France |
Richard Howard (US)
|
V. S. Naipaul |
Trinidad and Tobago/ England |
Sam Selvon (Trinidad and Tobago)
|
Vasko Popa |
Yugoslavia |
Lasse Söderberg (Sweden)
|
Dai Houying |
China |
Xiao Qian (China)
|
1992 |
João Cabral de Melo Neto |
Brazil |
Silviano Santiago (Brazil)
|
Habib Tengour |
Algeria/ France |
Etel Adnan (Lebanon/US)
|
Bella Akhmadulina |
Russia |
Vassily Aksyonov (Russia/US)
|
Christopher Middleton |
England |
Zulfikar Ghose (Pakistan/US)
|
Orhan Pamuk |
Turkey |
Güneli Gün (Turkey/US)
|
Henri Meschonnic |
France |
V. Y. Mudimbé (Zaire)
|
Kenzaburo Oe |
Japan |
Makoto Ooka (Japan)
|
Andrea Zanzotto |
Italy |
Sergio Perosa (Italy)
|
Eduardo Galeano |
Uruguay |
Elena Poniatowska (Mexico)
|
John Berger |
England |
Alastair Reid (UK)
|
A. B. Yehoshua |
Israel |
Anton Shammas (Palestine)
|
1994 |
Kamau Brathwaite |
Barbados |
Kofi Awoonor (Ghana)
|
Svetlana Alexievich |
Belarus |
Zoya Boguslavskaya (Russia)
|
Norman Mailer |
United States |
Alan Cheuse (US)
|
Zbigniew Herbert |
Poland |
J. M. Coetzee (South Africa)
|
Toni Morrison |
United States |
Nuruddin Farah (Somalia)
|
Chinua Achebe |
Nigeria |
Wlad Godzich (Switzerland)
|
Miguel Delibes |
Spain |
Ángel González (Spain)
|
Mahasveta Devi |
India |
Githa Hariharan (India)
|
Costas Montis |
Cyprus |
Elli Peonidou (Cyprus)
|
Mohamed Choukri |
Morocco |
Nawal El Saadawi (Egypt)
|
Seamus Heaney |
Ireland |
Chris Wallace-Crabbe (Australia)
|
1996 |
Assia Djebar |
Algeria/ France |
Barbara Frischmuth (Austria)
|
Vassilis Vassilikos |
Greece |
Yiorgos Chouliaras (Greece/US)
|
Vizma Belsevica |
Latvia |
Desmond Egan (Ireland)
|
Nirmal Verma |
India |
Alfrún Gunnlaugsdóttir (Iceland)
|
Randolph Stow |
Australia |
Alamgir Hashmi (Pakistan)
|
Rafael Alberti |
Spain |
Carlos Rojas (Spain)
|
Werner Lambersy |
Belgium |
Albert Russo (Belgium)
|
Tahar Ben Jelloun |
Morocco |
Hanan al-Shaykh (Lebanon)
|
Carlos Fuentes |
Mexico |
Mario Valdés (Canada)
|
Bei Dao |
China/ United States |
Eliot Weinberger (US)
|
1998 |
Nuruddin Farah |
Somalia |
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (Kenya)
|
Adrienne Rich |
United States |
Meena Alexander (India)
|
R. S. Thomas |
Wales |
Richard Exner (Germany/US)
|
Mo Yan |
China |
Howard Goldblatt (US)
|
Les Murray |
Australia |
Janette Turner Hospital (Australia)
|
Doris Lessing |
England/ Zimbabwe |
Shirley Geok-lin Lim (Malaysia)
|
Philip Roth |
United States |
Norman Manea (Romania/US)
|
Frankétienne |
Haiti |
Raphaël Confiant (Martinique)
|
Ernesto Cardenal |
Nicaragua |
Roberto Fernández Retamar (Cuba)
|
John Ashbery |
United States |
Carolyn Forché (US)
|
2000 |
David Malouf |
Australia |
Ihab Hassan (Egypt/US)
|
Wilson Harris |
Guyana/ England |
Cyril Dabydeen (Guyana/Canada)
|
V. S. Naipaul |
Trinidad and Tobago/ England |
Ha Jin (China/US) and Mervyn Morris (Jamaica)
|
N. Scott Momaday |
United States |
Linda Hogan (US)
|
Juan Goytisolo |
Spain |
Helen R. Lane (US)
|
Augusto Monterroso |
Guatemala/ Honduras |
Carlos Monsiváis (Mexico)
|
Femi Osofisan |
Nigeria |
Tanure Ojaide (Nigeria)
|
Mirkka Rekola |
Finland |
Kirsti Simonsuuri (Finland)
|
György Konrád |
Hungary |
Dubravka Ugresic (Croatia)
|
2002 |
Alvaro Mutis |
Colombia |
Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda (Colombia)
|
Andrée Chedid |
Egypt/ France |
Evelyne Accad (Lebanon/US)
|
Antonio Lobo Antunes |
Portugal |
Kwame Anthony Appiah (UK/Ghana)
|
Wilson Harris |
Guyana |
Lorna Goodison (Jamaica)
|
Eduardo Galeano |
Uruguay |
Thomas King (Canada)
|
Janet Frame |
New Zealand |
Bill Manhire (New Zealand)
|
Homero Aridjis |
Mexico |
Rainer Schulte (Germany/US)
|
Luis Fernando Verissimo |
Brazil |
Moacyr Scliar (Brazil)
|
Peter Matthiessen |
United States |
Barry Unsworth (UK)
|
Mavis Gallant |
Canada/ France |
Jane Urquhart (Canada)
|
2004 |
Adam Zagajewski |
Poland |
Bogdana Carpenter (Poland/US)
|
Duong Thu Huong |
Vietnam |
Esther Allen (US)
|
Gary Snyder |
United States |
Bei Dao (China) in absentia
|
J. M. Coetzee |
South Africa |
Kristjana Gunnars (Iceland) and Abdulrazak Gurnah (Tanzania)
|
Chinua Achebe |
Nigeria |
Gabriel Okara (Nigeria)
|
Mario Vargas Llosa |
Peru/ Spain |
Edmundo Paz-Soldán (Bolivia)
|
José Saramago |
Portugal |
Leon Rooke (Canada)
|
Marjorie Agosín |
Chile |
Bapsi Sidhwa (Pakistan)
|
2006 |
Claribel Alegría |
Nicaragua/ El Salvador |
Daisy Zamora (Nicaragua)
|
Orhan Pamuk |
Turkey |
Aron Aij (Turkey)
|
Alice Munro |
Canada |
Clark Blaise (US) and Linda Spalding (Canada)
|
Linton Kwesi Johnson |
Jamaica/ England |
Kwame Dawes (Ghana/US)
|
Gerald Stern |
United States |
Li-Young Lee (Indonesia/US)
|
André Brink |
South Africa |
Zakes Mda (South Africa)
|
Per Olov Enquist |
Sweden |
Tina Nunnally (US)
|
Philip Roth |
United States |
Nico Orengo (Italy)
|
N. Scott Momaday |
United States |
Carter Revard (US)
|
Hélène Cixous |
Algeria/ France |
Susan Rubin Suleiman (US)
|
2008 |
Patricia Grace |
New Zealand |
Joy Harjo (US)
|
Ngugi wa Thiong’o |
Kenya |
Chris Abani (Nigeria/US)
|
Saadi Youssef |
Iraq |
Sinan Antoon (Iraq)
|
Michael Ondaatje |
Sri Lanka/ Canada |
Rilla Askew (US)
|
Jacques Roubaud |
France |
Marcel Bénabou (Morocco/France)
|
Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke |
Greece |
Peter Constantine (UK/US)
|
Tsering Woeser |
China |
Huang Xiang (China)
|
Haruki Murakami |
Japan |
Christine Montalbetti (France)
|
E. L. Doctorow |
United States |
Bharati Mukherjee (India/US)
|
Yoel Hoffmann |
Israel |
Yoko Tawada (Japan/Germany)
|
2010 |
Duo Duo |
China |
Mai Mang (China/USA)
|
Ha Jin |
China/ United States |
Sefi Atta (Nigeria/US)
|
Ricardo Piglia |
Argentina |
Horacio Castellanos Moya (El Salvador)
|
Michael Ondaatje |
Sri Lanka/ Canada |
Aleksandar Hemon (Bosnia/US)
|
Haruki Murakami |
Japan |
Etgar Keret (Israel)
|
Margaret Atwood |
Canada |
Joanne Leedom-Ackerman (US)
|
A. B. Yehoshua |
Israel |
Claire Messud (US)
|
Athol Fugard |
South Africa |
Pireeni Sundaralingam (France)
|
E. L. Doctorow |
United States |
Bharati Mukherjee (Sri Lanka/US)
|
Shahriar Mandanipour |
Iran |
Niloufar Talebi (Iran/UK)
|
2012 |
Rohinton Mistry |
India/ Canada |
Samrat Upadhyay (Nepal/US)
|
Aleksandar Hemon |
Bosnia and Herzegovina/ United States |
Rabih Alameddine (Lebanon/US)
|
Zoë Wicomb |
South Africa/ Scotland |
Gabeba Baderoon (South Africa/US)
|
Elena Poniatowska |
Mexico |
Norma Cantú (Mexico/US)
|
Bob Dylan |
United States |
Andrea De Carlo (Italy)
|
Diamela Eltit |
Chile |
Nathalie Handal (France/US)
|
Vénus Khoury-Ghata |
Lebanon |
Ilya Kaminsky (Ukraine/US)
|
John Banville |
Ireland |
Yahia Lababidi (Egypt/Lebanon)
|
Tahar Ben Jelloun |
Morocco |
Miguel Syjuco (Philippines)
|
2014 |
Mia Couto |
Mozambique |
Gabriella Ghermandi (Germany/Italy)
|
César Aira |
Argentina |
Cristina Rivera-Garza (Mexico)
|
Duong Thu Huong |
Vietnam |
Andrew Lam (Vietnam/US)
|
Edward P. Jones |
United States |
Laleh Khadivi (Iran/US)
|
Ilya Kaminsky |
Ukraine/ United States |
Lauren Camp (US)
|
Chang-rae Lee |
South Korea/ United States |
Krys Lee (South Korea/US)
|
Edouard Maunick |
Mauritius |
Ananda Devi (Mauritius)
|
Haruki Murakami |
Japan |
Deji Olukotun (Nigeria/US)
|
Cecile Pineda |
United States |
Lorna Dee Cervantes (Mexico/US)
|
Ghassan Zaqtan |
Palestine |
Fady Joudah (Palestine/US)
|
2016 |
Dubravka Ugresic |
Croatia/ Netherlands |
Alison Anderson (US/Switzerland)
|
Can Xue |
China |
Porochista Khakpour (Iran/US)
|
Caryl Churchill |
England |
Jordan Tannahill (Canada)
|
Carolyn Forché |
United States |
Valzhyna Mort (Belarus/US)
|
Aminatta Forna |
Sierra Leone/ Scotland |
Mukoma Wa Ngugi (Kenya/US)
|
Ann-Marie MacDonald |
Canada |
Padma Viswanathan (Canada)
|
Guadalupe Nettel |
Mexico |
Valeria Luiselli (Mexico)
|
Don Paterson |
Scotland |
Amit Majmudar (US)
|
Ghassan Zaqtan |
Palestine |
Wang Ping (China/US)
|
2018 |
Edwidge Danticat |
Haiti/ United States |
Achy Obejas (Cuba/US)
|
Emmanuel Carrère |
France |
Zia Haider Rahman (Bangladesh/UK)
|
Amitav Ghosh |
India |
Dipika Mukherjee (India)
|
Aracelis Girmay |
United States |
Mahtem Shiferraw (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
|
Mohsin Hamid |
Pakistan |
Adnan Mahmutović (Bosnia/Sweden)
|
Jamaica Kincaid |
Antigua and Barbuda/ United States |
Ladan Osman (Somalia/US)
|
Yusef Komunyakaa |
United States |
Major Jackson (US)
|
Patricia Smith |
United States |
Sasha Pimentel (Philippines/US)
|
Ludmila Ulitskaya |
Russia |
Alisa Ganieva (Russia)
|
2020 |
Ismail Kadare |
Albania |
Kapka Kassabova (Bulgaria)
|
Emmanuel Carrère |
France |
Felipe Restrepo Pombo (Colombia)
|
Jorie Graham |
United States |
Dunya Mikhail (Iraq/US)
|
Jessica Hagedorn |
United States |
Joseph O. Legaspi (US)
|
Eduardo Halfon |
Guatemala |
Anna Badkhen (Russia)
|
Sahar Khalifeh |
Palestine |
Philip Metres (US)
|
Abdellatif Laâbi |
Morocco |
André Naffis-Sahely (US/UAE)
|
Lee Maracle |
Canada |
Katherena Vermette (Canada)
|
Hoa Nguyen |
United States |
Vi Khi Nao (US)
|
2022 |
Boubacar Boris Diop |
Senegal |
Jennifer Croft (US)
|
Jean-Pierre Balpe |
France |
Hamid Ismailov (Uzbekistan)
|
Kwame Dawes |
Ghana/ Jamaica |
Matthew Shenoda (US)
|
Natalie Diaz |
United States |
R. O. Kwon (South Korea/US)
|
Michális Ganás |
Greece |
Eleni Kefala (Cyprus)
|
Micheline Aharonian Marcom |
United States |
Fowzia Karimi (Afghanistan/US)
|
Naomi Shihab Nye |
United States |
Tarfia Faizullah (US)
|
Ludmilla Petrushevskaya |
Russia |
Olga Zilberboug (Russia/US)
|
Cristina Rivera Garza |
Mexico |
Carlos Labbé (Chile)
|
Reina María Rodríguez |
Cuba |
Carlos Pintado (Cuba)
|
2024 |
Ananda Devi |
Mauritius |
Fabienne Kanor (France)
|
Chris Abani |
Nigeria |
Romeo Oriogun (Nigeria)
|
Angie Cruz |
United States |
Cleyvis Natera (Dominican Republic)
|
Jenny Erpenbeck |
Germany |
Alina Stefanescu (Romania/US)
|
Nona Fernández |
Chile |
Idra Novey (US)
|
Juan Felipe Herrera |
United States |
Allison Hedge Coke (US)
|
Maxine Hong Kingston |
United States |
Jennifer Kwon Dobbs (South Korea)
|
Valeria Luiselli |
Mexico |
Alexandra Lytton Regalado (El Salvador/US)
|
Shahrnush Parsipur |
Iran |
Sholeh Wolpé (Iran/US)
|