Ohio Supreme Court elections

The U.S. state of Ohio has a Supreme Court of seven members, who are elected for six-year terms.

Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court

Six-year term beginning Jan. 1: 1945, 1951, 1957, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1981, 1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican
2016^[1]		Maureen O'Connor : 3,562,413
2010^[2]	Eric Brown : 1,070,690	Maureen O'Connor : 2,232,724
2004	C. Ellen Connally:2,017,602	Thomas J. Moyer: 2,309,107
1998	Gary Tyack	Thomas J. Moyer
1992	Robert H. Gorman	Thomas J. Moyer
1986	Frank D. Celebrezze	Thomas J. Moyer
1980	Frank D. Celebrezze	Sara J. Harper
1978 s	Frank D. Celebrezze	Thomas M. Herbert
1974	Joseph E. O'Neill	C. William O'Neill
1970 s	William C. Bryant	C. William O'Neill
1968	John C. Duffy	Kingsley A. Taft
1962	Carl V. Weygandt	Kingsley A. Taft
1956	Carl V. Weygandt	Willard D. Campbell
1950	Carl V. Weygandt	Francis B. Douglass
1944	Carl V. Weygandt	Walter B. Wanamaker
1932	Carl V. Weygandt	Carrington T. Marshall
1920	Hugh L. Nichols	Carrington T. Marshall

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Justice (1)

Six-year term beginning Jan. 1: 1945, 1951, 1957, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1981, 1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican
2016^[1]	John P. O'Donnell : 2,022,514	Pat Fischer : 2,044,984
2010^[2]	Mary Jane Trapp : 1,315,105	Judith Ann Lanzinger : 1,717,889
2004	Nancy A. Fuerst: 1,838,137	Judith Ann Lanzinger: 2,443,514
1998	Francis E. Sweeney Sr.: 1,677,791	Stephen W. Powell: 1,049,561
1992	Francis E. Sweeney Sr.: 2,008,854	Mark P. Painter: 1,838,307
1986	Francis E. Sweeney Sr.: 1,293,364	Robert E. Holmes: 1,326,736
1980	Lawrence Grey: 870,736	Robert E. Holmes: 2,115,743
1974	Frank D. Celebrezze	Sheldon A. Taft
1972 s	Frank D. Celebrezze	Robert E. Leach
1970 s		Robert M. Duncan
1968		John M. Matthias
1962	James J. Mayer	John M. Matthias
1956	Merrill D. Brother	John M. Matthias
1954 s	John H. Lamneck	John M. Matthias
1950	Charles H. Hubbell	Edward S. Matthias
1944	Charles H. Hubbell	Edward S. Matthias

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Justice (2)

Six-year term beginning Jan. 2: 1945, 1951, 1957, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1981, 1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
2016^[1]	Cynthia Rice : 1,892,450	Pat DeWine : 2,438,641
2010^[2]		Paul Pfeifer : 2,384,122
2004		Paul E. Pfeifer: 3,384,192
1998	Ronald Suster: 781,103	Paul E. Pfeifer: 1,947,916
1992	John T. Patton: 1,785,215	Paul E. Pfeifer: 2,015,685
1986	Herbert R. Brown: 1,328,913	Joyce J. George: 1,306,049
1980	Clifford F. Brown: 1,563,665	David D. Dowd, Jr.: 1,528,071
1974	Clifford F. Brown	Thomas M. Herbert
1968	Merrill D. Brother	Thomas M. Herbert
1962	Richard T. Cole	Paul M. Herbert
1956	Evan P. Ford	Thomas J. Herbert
1950		William L. Hart	James Metzenbaum
1944	Herbert S. Duffy	William L. Hart

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Justice (3)

Six-year term beginning Jan. 1: 1941, 1947, 1953, 1959, 1965, 1971, 1977, 1983, 1989, 1995, 2001, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1940, 1946, 1952, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican
2018	Michael P. Donnelly: 2,116,136	Craig Baldwin: 1,352,859
2012^[3]	Michael J. Skindell : 1,252,688	Terrence O'Donnell : 2,804,629
2006	William M. O'Neill: 1,341,258	Terrence O'Donnell: 1,903,702
2004 s	William M. O'Neill: 1,635,718	Terrence O'Donnell: 2,496,863
2000	Timothy Black: 1,869,060	Deborah L. Cook: 2,014,274
1994	J. Ross Haffey: 864,786	Deborah L. Cook: 1,842,063
1988	A. William Sweeney: 2,059,402	Paul R. Matia: 1,492,256
1982	A. William Sweeney: 1,564,495	John W. McCormac: 1,148,239
1976	A. William Sweeney	Don P. Brown
1970	Allen Brown	J. J. P. Corrigan
1964	Charles B. Zimmerman	Francis B. Douglass
1958	Charles B. Zimmerman	Willard D. Campbell
1952	Charles B. Zimmerman	Francis B. Douglass
1946	Charles B. Zimmerman	Clinton DeWitt Boyd
1940	Charles B. Zimmerman	Clinton DeWitt Boyd

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Justice (4)

Six-year term beginning Jan. 2: 1941, 1947, 1953, 1959, 1965, 1971, 1977, 1983, 1989, 1995, 2001, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1940, 1946, 1952, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
2018	Melody J. Stewart : 1,803,277	Mary DeGenaro : 1,630,977
2012^[3]	William O'Neill : 2,115,841	Robert Cupp : 1,912,850
2006	Ben Espy: 1,505,255	Robert R. Cupp: 1,712,584
2000	Alice Robie Resnick: 2,312,073	Terrence O'Donnell: 1,740,516
1994	Alice Robie Resnick: 1,645,061	Sara J. Harper: 1,144,143
1988	Alice Robie Resnick: 1,917,510	Joyce J. George: 1,688,281
1982	Ralph S. Locher: 1,437,584	William J. McCrone: 1,129,675
1976	Ralph S. Locher	William J. Morrissey
1970		Leonard J. Stern
1964	Joseph D. Bryan	C. William O'Neill
1960 s	John W. Peck	C. William O'Neill
1958	Merrill D. Brother	James Garfield Stewart
1952	Kenneth B. Johnston	James Garfield Stewart
1948 s		James Garfield Stewart
1946	Herbert S. Duffy	Charles S. Bell
1942 s	T. J. Duffy	Charles S. Bell
1940	Judge MacBride	Gilbert Bettman	Arthur H. Day

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Justice (5)

Six-year term beginning Jan. 1: 1943, 1949, 1955, 1961, 1967, 1973, 1979, 1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1942, 1948, 1954, 1960, 1966, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
2020^[4]	John P. O'Donnell: 2,231,724	Sharon L. Kennedy: 2,735,041
2014	Tom Letson: 692,030	Sharon L. Kennedy: 1,828,156
2012 s^[3]	Yvette McGee Brown: 1,769,123	Sharon L. Kennedy: 2,347,925
2008	Joseph Russo: 1,453,784	Maureen O'Connor: 2,970,588
2002	Timothy Black: 1,276,497	Maureen O'Connor: 1,709,673
1996	Peter M. Sikora: 1,138,106	Andrew Douglas: 2,230,601
1990	Stuart J. Banks: 756,481	Andrew Douglas: 2,013,630
1984	John E. Corrigan: 1,680,859	Andrew Douglas: 1,893,299
1978	William B. Brown	Richard M. Markus
1972	William B. Brown	Louis J. Schneider, Jr.
1966	Clifford F. Brown	Louis J. Schneider, Jr.
1964 s	Lynn B. Griffith	Louis J. Schneider, Jr.
1960	James F. Bell	Earl R. Hoover
1954	James F. Bell	Henry A. Middleton
1950 s		Henry A. Middleton	W. H. Annat Ralph Bartlett Fred Dewey Arthur W. Doyle Dennis Dunlavy Howard E. Faught Martin L. Sweeney
1948	Charles H. Hubbell	Edward C. Turner
1942	William C. Dixon	Roy H. Williams
1936^[5]	Will P. Stephenson	Roy H. Williams
1934 s^[5]	Howard Landis Bevis	Roy H. Williams

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Justice (6)

Six-year term beginning Jan. 2: 1943, 1949, 1955, 1961, 1967, 1973, 1979, 1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, etc.
Elections scheduled: 1942, 1948, 1954, 1960, 1966, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, etc. (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
2020^[4]	Jennifer Brunner: 2,695,072	Judith L. French: 2,174,820
2014	John P. O'Donnell: 1,132,759	Judith L. French: 1,438,283
2008	Peter Sikora: 1,554,521	Evelyn Lundberg Stratton: 2,664,137
2002	Janet Burnside: 1,290,412	Evelyn Lundberg Stratton: 1,599,165
1996	Marianna Brown Bettman: 1,427,947	Evelyn Lundberg Stratton: 2,016,264
1990	Stephanie Tubbs Jones: 1,255,556	J. Craig Wright: 1,319,422	J. Ross Haffey: 283,883
1984	James P. Celebrezze: 1,765,509	J. Craig Wright: 2,116,080
1982 s	James P. Celebrezze: 1,617,247	Blanche Krupansky: 1,301,423
1978	Clifford F. Brown	Paul W. Brown
1972	Lloyd O. Brown	Paul W. Brown
1966	Joseph D. Bryan	Paul W. Brown
1964 s	Rankin M. Gibson	Paul W. Brown
1960	Joseph H. Ellison	Kingsley A. Taft
1954		Kingsley A. Taft
1948	Robert M. Sohngen	Kingsley A. Taft
1942	Willis Woehrle Metcalf	Edward C. Turner

First Constitution of Ohio (1803–1851)

Under the first constitution, joint sessions of the legislature elected judges to seven-year terms. Elections were generally in January, with judges seated in February. The state had three or four judges through this period.^[6]

Second Constitution of Ohio (1851–1912)

Under the second constitution, five judges were elected to five-year terms, with one seat elected each autumn. The first election was autumn of 1851, with the top five candidates assigned terms by lot.^[7] Chief Justice was not voted separately, but chosen by other means. Change of law added a sixth judge for the 1892 election, with term starting February 1893, and terms were increased to six years.^[8] No elections were held in 1906 or 1907, when the state transitioned to electing two judges each in even numbered years and terms of sitting judges were extended to fit the new schedule.^[9]

Candidates for first election, October 1851:^[10]

Name	Party	Votes	Term Expired^[7]
William B. Caldwell	Democrat	161,150	1853
Rufus P. Ranney	Democrat	160,984	1857
Allen G. Thurman	Democrat	147,724	1856
Thomas Welles Bartley	Democrat	145,370	1854
John A. Corwin	Democrat	145,099	1855
Sherlock James Andrews	Whig	134,824
Charles Cleveland Convers	Whig	119,475
Peter Odlin	Whig	119,503
Bellamy Storer	Whig	135,946
George B. Way	Whig	119,000
Jacob Brinkerhoff	Free Soil	16,143

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Judge (1)

Five-year term beginning February: 1857, 1862, 1867, 1872, 1877, 1882, 1887, 1892, 1897
Elections scheduled: 1856, 1861, 1866, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1886, 1891, 1896 (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate^[11]

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
1856	Rufus P. Ranney : 156,438	Josiah Scott : 175,8181	Daniel Peck (Amer) : 23,868
1861	Thomas J. S. Smith : 151,987	Josiah Scott : 207,443
1866	Thomas M. Key : 213,612	Josiah Scott : 256,263
1871	George W. Geddes : 217,374	William H. West : 237,472
1873 s	Charles H. Scribner : 213,551	Walter F. Stone : 214,363
1874 s	George Rex : 238,307	William Wartenbee Johnson : 221,182
1876	William E. Finck : 309,933	Washington W. Boynton : 318,772
1881	Edward F. Bingham : 286,650	Nicholas Longworth II : 316,005
1886	Martin Dewey Follett : 326,227	Marshall Jay Williams : 343,739
1891	Gustavus H. Wald : 345,374	Marshall Jay Williams : 373,433
1896^[12]	Everett D. Stark : 473,094	Marshall Jay Williams : 525,084
1902^[13]	Michael Donnelly	William B. Crew

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Judge (2)

Five-year term beginning February: 1856, 1861, 1866, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1886, 1891, 1896
Elections scheduled: 1855, 1860, 1865, 1870, 1875, 1880, 1885, 1890, 1895 (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate^[14]

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
1855	William Kennon, Sr. : 134,173	Jacob Brinkerhoff : 168,436
1860	Thomas J. S. Smith : 199,850	Jacob Brinkerhoff : 212,854
1865	Philadelph Van Trump : 193,284	Jacob Brinkerhoff : 224,958
1870	Richard A. Harrison : 204,287	George W. McIlvaine : 229,629	Gideon T. Stewart (Pro) : 2,810
1875	Thomas Q. Ashburn : 292,328	George W. McIlvaine : 296,944
1880	Martin Dewey Follett : 340,998	George W. McIlvaine : 364,045
1885	Charles D. Martin : 341,712	Thaddeus A. Minshall : 361,216
1890	George B. Okey : 353,628	Thaddeus A. Minshall : 362,896
1895^[15]	William T. Mooney : 328,970	Thaddeus A. Minshall : 427,809
1901^[16]	Joseph Hiddy	James Latimer Price

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Judge (3)

Five-year term beginning February: 1855, 1860, 1865, 1870, 1875, 1880, 1885, 1890, 1895
Elections scheduled: 1854, 1859, 1864, 1869, 1874, 1879, 1884, 1889, 1894 (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate^[17]

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
1854	Shepherd F. Norris : 109,075	Joseph Rockwell Swan : 188,498
1859	Henry C. Whitman : 170,895	William Y. Gholson : 182,888
1864	Philadelph Van Trump	Luther Day
1869	William J. Gilmore : 228,523	Luther Day : 236,300
1874	William J. Gilmore : 237,556	Luther Day : 221,701
1879	William J. Gilmore : 316,994	William Wartenbee Johnson : 336,009
1884	Charles D. Martin : 378,965	William Wartenbee Johnson : 392,918
1887 s	Virgil P. Kline : 328,137	Franklin J. Dickman : 357,039
1889	Martin Dewey Follett : 373,895	Franklin J. Dickman : 376,649
1894^[18]	James D. Ermston : 274,635	John Allen Shauck : 410,011
1900^[19]	Allen Smalley : 474,138	John Allen Shauck : 543,418	Lambertis B. Logan : (Union Reform) : 4,561 E. Jay Pinney (Prohibition) : 9,898 Daniel W. Wallace (Soc Lab) : 1,690 Albert Corbin (Soc Dem) : 4,628

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Judge (4)

Five-year term beginning February: 1854, 1859, 1864, 1869, 1874, 1879, 1884, 1889, 1894
Elections scheduled: 1853, 1858, 1863, 1868, 1873, 1878, 1883, 1888, 1893 (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate^[20]

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
1853^[7]	Thomas Welles Bartley	unknown
1858	Thomas Welles Bartley : 162,610	William Virgil Peck : 182,942
1863	Philadelph Van Trump : 190,992	Hocking H. Hunter : 287,507
1864 s	Philadelph Van Trump	William White
1868	William E. Finck	William White
1873	Henry C. Whitman : 213,705	William White : 214,333
1878	Alexander F. Hume : 270,839	William White : 274,337	Chilton A. White (NGL) : 38,033 William F. Ross (Pro) : 5,607
1883	Selwyn N. Owen : 360,295	John H. Doyle : 347,091
1888	Lyman R. Critchfield : 396,236	Joseph Perry Bradbury : 415,842
1893^[21]	John W. Sater : 346,823	Joseph Perry Bradbury : 422,256
1899^[22]	De Witt C. Badger	William Z. Davis
1905^[23]	Hugh T. Mathers : 417,420	William Z. Davis : 462,115	Elihu J. Zeigler (Socialist) : 18,233 James Sterling (Pro) : 13,785 Max Eisenberg (Soc Lab) : 1,821

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Judge (5)

Five-year term beginning February: 1853, 1858, 1863, 1868, 1873, 1878, 1883, 1888, 1893
Elections scheduled: 1852, 1857, 1862, 1867, 1872, 1877, 1882, 1887, 1892 (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate^[24]

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
1852	William B. Caldwell : 147,976	Milton Sutliff (Freesoil) : 22,518	Daniel A. Haynes (Whig) : 130,507
1855 s	Robert B. Warden : 132,039	Charles Cleveland Convers : 169,555
1856 s	Carrington W. Seal : 156,604	Ozias Bowen : 175,892	Samuel Brush (American) : 23,329
1857	Henry C. Whitman : 159,103	Milton Sutliff : 160,342
1862	Rufus P. Ranney : 185,078	Franklin T. Backus : 178,115
1865 s	Thomas M. Key : 193,422	John Welch : 225,182
1867	Thomas M. Key : 240,941	John Welch : 243,480
1872	John L. Green : 252,036	John Welch : 263,223
1877	John W. Okey : 271,393	William Wartenbee Johnson : 251,758
1882	John W. Okey : 315,753	John H. Doyle : 299,389
1885 s	Gibson Atherton : 335,383	William T. Spear : 363,770
1887	Lyman R. Critchfield : 327,887	William T. Spear : 357,137
1892^[25]	John B. Driggs : 400,953	William T. Spear : 402,932
1898^[26]	Hugh L. Nichols : 345,883	William T. Spear : 408,879	Mahlon Rouch (Prohibition) : 7,597 Daniel L. Wallace (Soc Lab) : 5,787 Arthur A. Brown (Union Reform) : 10,550
1904^[27]	Phillip J. Renner : 357,331	William T. Spear : 587,448	George L. Case (Pro) : 19,239 Harry Lavin (Socialist) : 33,507 Edward Polster (Soc Lab) : 2,502 Osmon S. Ferris (Peoples) : 1,080

Candidates for Ohio Supreme Court Judge (6)

Five-year term beginning February: 1893, six-year terms beginning 1898, 1904^[8]
Elections scheduled: 1892, 1897, 1903 (s = Special election held to fill the seat of a justice who did not complete a term.) BOLD TYPE indicates winning candidate^[28]

Year	Democrat	Republican	Other
1892	Thomas Beer : 401,048	Jacob F. Burket : 402,847
1897^[29]	J. P. Spriggs	Jacob F. Burket
1903^[30]	Edward J. Dempsey : 358,898	Augustus N. Summers : 471,742	Jeremiah C. Cavanaugh (Socialist) : 14,041 E. Jay Pinney (Pro) : 13,493 Francis Henry (Soc Lab) : 2,152

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c "Election Results 2016". Ohio Secretary of State.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ohio Secretary of State 2010 results
^ ^a ^b ^c Husted, Jon. "Election Results - Supreme Court of Ohio : November 6, 2012". Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
^ ^a ^b SOS Ohio: 2020 general election
^ ^a ^b "Roy Hughes Williams". The Supreme Court of Ohio & The Ohio Judicial System. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
^ Gilkey 1901 : 467-471
^ ^a ^b ^c Gilkey 1901 : 472
^ ^a ^b Gilkey 1901 : 476
^ Sandles, A P; Doty, E W, eds. (1898). The biographical annals of Ohio 1906-1907-1908 : A handbook of the Government and Institutions of the State of Ohio. State of Ohio. p. 694.
^ Bell 1876 : 115
^ Smith 1898 : 65, 140, 228, 286, 319, 331, 365, 449, 526, 605, 693
^ Williams elected to six-year term in 1896
^ Powell 1913 : 392-393
^ Smith 1898 : 40, 128, 209, 277, 342, 433, 511, 592, 665
^ Minshall elected to six-year term in 1895
^ Powell 1913 : 379-380
^ Smith 1898 : 27, 95, 188, 268, 331, 406, 498, 541, 579, 655
^ Shauck elected to six-year term in 1894
^ Kinney, Charles (1900). Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the year ending November 15, 1900. State of Ohio. p. 193.
^ Smith 1898 : 84, 161, 188, 242, 319, 393, 473, 566, 644
^ Bradbury elected to six-year term in 1893
^ Powell 1913 : 371-372
^ Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 21 of pdf file
^ Smith 1898 : 27, 40, 65, 74, 150, 209, 238, 305, 379, 460, 511, 541, 630
^ spear elected to six-year term in 1892
^ Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 1215 of pdf file
^ Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 846 of pdf file
^ Smith 1898 : 630
^ Powell 1913 : 360
^ Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 1671 of pdf file

References

Election Results from Ohio Secretary of State
Bell, William Jr. (1876). Annual report of the Secretary of State to the Governor and General Assembly for the year 1875... Ohio Secretary of State.
Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. 1. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company.
Gilkey, Elliott Howard, ed. (1901). The Ohio Hundred Year Book: a Handbook of the Public Men and Public Institutions of Ohio ... State of Ohio.
Powell, Thomas Edward, ed. (1913). The Democratic party of the state of Ohio: a comprehensive history. Vol. 1. The Ohio Publishing Company.

[election2016-1] "Election Results 2016". Ohio Secretary of State.

[elect2010-2] Ohio Secretary of State 2010 results

[general2012-3] Husted, Jon. "Election Results - Supreme Court of Ohio : November 6, 2012". Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved 2012-12-17.

[e2020-4] SOS Ohio: 2020 general election

[rhwilliams-5] "Roy Hughes Williams". The Supreme Court of Ohio & The Ohio Judicial System. Retrieved 2011-08-08.

[6] Gilkey 1901 : 467-471

[gil472-7] Gilkey 1901 : 472

[gil476-8] Gilkey 1901 : 476

[9] Sandles, A P; Doty, E W, eds. (1898). The biographical annals of Ohio 1906-1907-1908 : A handbook of the Government and Institutions of the State of Ohio. State of Ohio. p. 694.

[10] Bell 1876 : 115

[11] Smith 1898 : 65, 140, 228, 286, 319, 331, 365, 449, 526, 605, 693

[12] Williams elected to six-year term in 1896

[13] Powell 1913 : 392-393

[14] Smith 1898 : 40, 128, 209, 277, 342, 433, 511, 592, 665

[15] Minshall elected to six-year term in 1895

[16] Powell 1913 : 379-380

[17] Smith 1898 : 27, 95, 188, 268, 331, 406, 498, 541, 579, 655

[18] Shauck elected to six-year term in 1894

[19] Kinney, Charles (1900). Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the year ending November 15, 1900. State of Ohio. p. 193.

[20] Smith 1898 : 84, 161, 188, 242, 319, 393, 473, 566, 644

[21] Bradbury elected to six-year term in 1893

[22] Powell 1913 : 371-372

[23] Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 21 of pdf file

[24] Smith 1898 : 27, 40, 65, 74, 150, 209, 238, 305, 379, 460, 511, 541, 630

[25] spear elected to six-year term in 1892

[26] Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 1215 of pdf file

[27] Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 846 of pdf file

[28] Smith 1898 : 630

[29] Powell 1913 : 360

[30] Ohio Secretary of State (1905). Ohio election statistics. Columbus. page 1671 of pdf file

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