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Omega (US: /oʊˈmeɪɡə, -ˈmɛɡə, -ˈmiːɡə/, UK: /ˈoʊmɪɡə/;[1] uppercase Ω, lowercase ω; Ancient Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the twenty-fourth and last letter in the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/isopsephy (gematria), it has a value of 800. The word literally means "great O" (o mega, mega meaning "great"), as opposed to omicron, which means "little O" (o mikron, micron meaning "little").[2]
In phonetic terms, the Ancient Greek Ω represented a long open-mid back rounded vowel IPA: [ɔː], comparable to the "aw" of the English word raw in dialects without the cot–caught merger, in contrast to omicron which represented the close-mid back rounded vowel IPA: [o] , and the digraph ου which represented the long close-mid back rounded vowel IPA: [oː]. In Modern Greek, both omega and omicron represent the mid back rounded vowel IPA: [o̞] or IPA: [ɔ̝]. The letter omega is transliterated into a Latin-script alphabet as ō or simply o.
As the final letter in the Greek alphabet, omega is often used to denote the last, the end, or the ultimate limit of a set, in contrast to alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet; see Alpha and Omega.
Ω was not part of the early (8th century BC) Greek alphabets. It was introduced in the late 7th century BC in the Ionian cities of Asia Minor to denote a long open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔː]. It is a variant of omicron (Ο), broken up at the side (), with the edges subsequently turned outward (, , , ).[3] The Dorian city of Knidos as well as a few Aegean islands, namely Paros, Thasos and Melos, chose the exact opposite innovation, using a broken-up circle for the short and a closed circle for the long /o/.[3]
The name Ωμέγα is Byzantine; in Classical Greek, the letter was called ō (ὦ) (pronounced /ɔ̂ː/), whereas the omicron was called ou (οὖ) (pronounced /ôː/).[4] The modern lowercase shape goes back to the uncial form , a form that developed during the 3rd century BC in ancient handwriting on papyrus, from a flattened-out form of the letter () that had its edges curved even further upward.[5]
In addition to the Greek alphabet, Omega was also adopted into the early Cyrillic alphabet (see Cyrillic omega (Ѡ, ѡ)). A Raetic variant is conjectured to be at the origin or parallel evolution of the Elder Futhark ᛟ.
Omega was also adopted into the Latin alphabet, as a letter of the 1982 revision to the African reference alphabet. It's in sparse use (see Latin omega).
The uppercase letter Ω is used as a symbol:
Ω
), but it is included only for backward compatibility, and the canonically equivalent code point U+03A9 Ω GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA (Ω
) is preferred.[7]The minuscule letter ω is used as a symbol:
Preview | Ω | ω | Ⲱ | ⲱ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU | COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 937 | U+03A9 | 969 | U+03C9 | 11440 | U+2CB0 | 11441 | U+2CB1 |
UTF-8 | 206 169 | CE A9 | 207 137 | CF 89 | 226 178 176 | E2 B2 B0 | 226 178 177 | E2 B2 B1 |
Numeric character reference | Ω |
Ω |
ω |
ω |
Ⲱ |
Ⲱ |
ⲱ |
ⲱ |
Named character reference | Ω, Ω | ω | ||||||
DOS Greek | 151 | 97 | 224 | E0 | ||||
DOS Greek-2 | 213 | D5 | 250 | FA | ||||
Windows 1253 | 217 | D9 | 249 | F9 | ||||
TeX | \Omega | \omega |
Preview | Ѡ | ѡ | ꙻ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA | COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER OMEGA | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1120 | U+0460 | 1121 | U+0461 | 42619 | U+A67B |
UTF-8 | 209 160 | D1 A0 | 209 161 | D1 A1 | 234 153 187 | EA 99 BB |
Numeric character reference | Ѡ |
Ѡ |
ѡ |
ѡ |
ꙻ |
ꙻ |
Preview | Ѻ | ѻ | Ꙍ | ꙍ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BROAD OMEGA | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BROAD OMEGA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1146 | U+047A | 1147 | U+047B | 42572 | U+A64C | 42573 | U+A64D |
UTF-8 | 209 186 | D1 BA | 209 187 | D1 BB | 234 153 140 | EA 99 8C | 234 153 141 | EA 99 8D |
Numeric character reference | Ѻ |
Ѻ |
ѻ |
ѻ |
Ꙍ |
Ꙍ |
ꙍ |
ꙍ |
Preview | ɷ | Ꞷ | ꞷ | 𐞤 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA | LATIN SMALL LETTER OMEGA | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CLOSED OMEGA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 631 | U+0277 | 42934 | U+A7B6 | 42935 | U+A7B7 | 67492 | U+107A4 |
UTF-8 | 201 183 | C9 B7 | 234 158 182 | EA 9E B6 | 234 158 183 | EA 9E B7 | 240 144 158 164 | F0 90 9E A4 |
UTF-16 | 631 | 0277 | 42934 | A7B6 | 42935 | A7B7 | 55297 57252 | D801 DFA4 |
Numeric character reference | ɷ |
ɷ |
Ꞷ |
Ꞷ |
ꞷ |
ꞷ |
𐞤 |
𐞤 |
Preview | ⍵ | ⍹ | Ω | ℧ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA | APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR | OHM SIGN | INVERTED OHM SIGN | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 9077 | U+2375 | 9081 | U+2379 | 8486 | U+2126 | 8487 | U+2127 |
UTF-8 | 226 141 181 | E2 8D B5 | 226 141 185 | E2 8D B9 | 226 132 166 | E2 84 A6 | 226 132 167 | E2 84 A7 |
Numeric character reference | ⍵ |
⍵ |
⍹ |
⍹ |
Ω |
Ω |
℧ |
℧ |
Named character reference | ℧ |
Preview | 𝛀 | 𝛚 | 𝛺 | 𝜔 | 𝜴 | 𝝎 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMEGA | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120512 | U+1D6C0 | 120538 | U+1D6DA | 120570 | U+1D6FA | 120596 | U+1D714 | 120628 | U+1D734 | 120654 | U+1D74E |
UTF-8 | 240 157 155 128 | F0 9D 9B 80 | 240 157 155 154 | F0 9D 9B 9A | 240 157 155 186 | F0 9D 9B BA | 240 157 156 148 | F0 9D 9C 94 | 240 157 156 180 | F0 9D 9C B4 | 240 157 157 142 | F0 9D 9D 8E |
UTF-16 | 55349 57024 | D835 DEC0 | 55349 57050 | D835 DEDA | 55349 57082 | D835 DEFA | 55349 57108 | D835 DF14 | 55349 57140 | D835 DF34 | 55349 57166 | D835 DF4E |
Numeric character reference | 𝛀 |
𝛀 |
𝛚 |
𝛚 |
𝛺 |
𝛺 |
𝜔 |
𝜔 |
𝜴 |
𝜴 |
𝝎 |
𝝎 |
Preview | 𝝮 | 𝞈 | 𝞨 | 𝟂 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMEGA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120686 | U+1D76E | 120712 | U+1D788 | 120744 | U+1D7A8 | 120770 | U+1D7C2 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 174 | F0 9D 9D AE | 240 157 158 136 | F0 9D 9E 88 | 240 157 158 168 | F0 9D 9E A8 | 240 157 159 130 | F0 9D 9F 82 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57198 | D835 DF6E | 55349 57224 | D835 DF88 | 55349 57256 | D835 DFA8 | 55349 57282 | D835 DFC2 |
Numeric character reference | 𝝮 |
𝝮 |
𝞈 |
𝞈 |
𝞨 |
𝞨 |
𝟂 |
𝟂 |
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate the style of the text.
...su fachada representa a una omega que simboliza el final de la vida.