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Open-source artificial intelligence

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 6 min

Open-source artificial intelligence is the application of open-source practices to the development of artificial intelligence resources.

Many open-source artificial intelligence products are variations of other existing tools and technologies which have been shared as open-source software by large companies.[1]

Companies often develop closed products in an attempt to keep a competitive advantage in the marketplace.[2] A journalist for Wired explored the idea that open-source AI tools have a development advantage over closed products, and could overtake them in the marketplace.[2]

Popular open-source artificial intelligence project categories include large language models, machine translation tools, and chatbots.[3]

For software developers to produce open-source artificial intelligence resources, they must trust the various other open-source software components they use in its development.[4][5]

Large language models

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Further information: Large language model

LLaMA

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Main article: LLaMA

LLaMA is a family of large language models released by Meta AI starting in February 2023.[6] Meta claims these models are open-source software, but the Open Source Initiative disputes this claim, arguing that "Meta's license for the LLaMa models and code does not meet this standard; specifically, it puts restrictions on commercial use for some users (paragraph 2) and also restricts the use of the model and software for certain purposes (the Acceptable Use Policy)."[7]

Comparison of open-source large language foundation models
Model Developer Parameter count Context window Licensing Ref.
LLaMA Meta AI 7B, 13B, 33B, 65B 2048 [6]
Llama 2 Meta AI 7B, 13B, 70B 4k Custom Meta license [8][9]
Llama 3.1 Meta AI 8B, 70B, 405B 128K Meta Llama 3 Community License [10][11][12]
Llama 3.2 Meta AI 1B to 405B Research-only [13]
Mistral 7B Mistral AI 7 billion 8k Apache 2.0 [14][15]
Mixtral 8x22B Mistral AI 8×22B Apache 2.0 [13]
GPT-J EleutherAI 6 billion 2048 Apache 2.0 [16]
GPT-NeoX EleutherAI 20B MIT License [13]
Pythia EleutherAI 70 million - 12 billion Apache 2.0 (Pythia-6.9B only) [17][18]
T5 Google AI 60 million to 11 billion Apache 2.0 [13]
Gemma 2 Google DeepMind 2B, 9B, 27B Apache 2.0 [13]
OLMo Allen Institute for AI Various Apache 2.0 [13]
BLOOM BigScience 176 billion OpenRAIL-M [13]
StarCoder2 BigCode Various Apache 2.0 [13]
Falcon Technology Innovation Institute 7B, 40B Apache 2.0 [13]
Jamba Series AI21 Labs Mini to Large Custom [13]
Sea-Lion AI Singapore 7B Custom [13]
Qwen Series Alibaba Group 7B Custom [13]
Dolly 2.0 Databricks 12B CC BY-SA 3.0 [13]
Granite Series IBM 3B, 8B Apache 2.0 [13]
Phi-3 Series Microsoft Mini to Medium MIT License [13]
NVLM 1.0 Family Nvidia 72B CC BY-SA 3.0 [13]
RakutenAI Series Rakuten 7B Custom [13]
Grok-1 xAI 314B Apache 2.0 [13]

Text-to-image models

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Further information: Text-to-image model
Comparison of text-to-image models
Model Developer Parameter count Licensing Ref.
Stable Diffusion 3.5 Stability AI 2.5B to 8B OpenRAIL-M [13]
IF DeepFloyd 400M to 4.3B Custom [13]

Computer vision models

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Further information: Computer vision
Comparison of computer vision models
Model Developer Parameter count Licensing Ref.
SAM 2.1 Meta 38.9M to 224.4M Apache 2.0 [13]
DeepLab Google Not disclosed Apache 2.0 [13]
Florence Microsoft 0.23B, 0.77B MIT License [13]
CLIP OpenAI 400M MIT License [13]

References

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  1. ^ Heaven, Will Douglas (May 12, 2023). "The open-source AI boom is built on Big Tech's handouts. How long will it last?". MIT Technology Review.
  2. ^ a b Solaiman, Irene (May 24, 2023). "Generative AI Systems Aren't Just Open or Closed Source". Wired.
  3. ^ Castelvecchi, Davide (29 June 2023). "Open-source AI chatbots are booming — what does this mean for researchers?". Nature. 618 (7967): 891–892. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-01970-6.
  4. ^ Thummadi, Babu Veeresh (2021). "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Capabilities, Trust and Open Source Software Team Performance". In Denis Dennehy; Anastasia Griva; Nancy Pouloudi; Yogesh K. Dwivedi; Ilias Pappas; Matti Mäntymäki (eds.). Responsible AI and Analytics for an Ethical and Inclusive Digitized Society. 20th International Federation of Information Processing WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society, Galway, Ireland, September 1–3, 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 12896. Springer. pp. 629–640. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85447-8_52. ISBN 978-3-030-85446-1.
  5. ^ Mitchell, James (2023-10-22). "How to Create Artificial intelligence Software". AI Software Developers. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  6. ^ a b "Introducing LLaMA: A foundational, 65-billion-parameter language model". 2023-09-11. Archived from the original on 2023-09-11. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  7. ^ "Meta's LLaMa 2 license is not Open Source".
  8. ^ "meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-chat-hf · Hugging Face". huggingface.co. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  9. ^ "Llama 2 - Meta AI". ai.meta.com. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  10. ^ "Meet Llama 3.1". Llama Meta. 2024-09-09. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  11. ^ "llama 3.1 context window - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  12. ^ "llama3/LICENSE at main · meta-llama/llama3". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Jason, Perlow (2024-11-06). "The best open-source AI models: All your free-to-use options explained". ZDNET. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
  14. ^ "mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1 · Hugging Face". huggingface.co. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  15. ^ AI, Mistral (2023-09-27). "Mistral 7B". mistral.ai. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  16. ^ "EleutherAI/gpt-j-6b · Hugging Face". huggingface.co. 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  17. ^ Biderman, Stella; Schoelkopf, Hailey; Anthony, Quentin; Bradley, Herbie; O'Brien, Kyle; Hallahan, Eric; Mohammad Aflah Khan; Purohit, Shivanshu; USVSN Sai Prashanth; Raff, Edward; Skowron, Aviya; Sutawika, Lintang; Oskar van der Wal (2023-10-03). "[2304.01373] Pythia: A Suite for Analyzing Large Language Models Across Training and Scaling". arXiv:2304.01373 [cs.CL].
  18. ^ "EleutherAI/pythia-6.9b · Hugging Face". huggingface.co. 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-10-03.


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