Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

Oxford High School shooting

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 42 min

Oxford High School shooting
Oxford High School, site of the shooting, late 2007
Map
Oxford is located in Michigan
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford (Michigan)
Oxford is located in the United States
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford (the United States)
LocationOxford Township, Michigan, U.S.
Coordinates42°50′17″N 83°15′40″W / 42.83806°N 83.26111°W / 42.83806; -83.26111
DateNovember 30, 2021 (2021-11-30)
c. 12:51[a] – c. 12:55 p.m.[5] (EST)
TargetStudents and staff at Oxford High School
Attack type
Mass shooting, school shooting, mass murder, terrorism
Weapons9mm SIG Sauer SP 2022 semi-automatic handgun
Deaths4
Injured7
PerpetratorEthan Robert Crumbley
MotiveUnclear
ConvictedJennifer and James Crumbley (Ethan’s parents)
VerdictEthan:
Pleaded guilty
Jennifer and James:
Guilty on all counts
ConvictionsEthan:

Jennifer and James:

SentenceEthan:
Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, plus 24 years
Jennifer and James:
10 to 15 years in prison[6]
Litigation3 lawsuits[b]

On November 30, 2021, a mass shooting occurred at Oxford High School in the Detroit exurb of Oxford Township, Michigan, United States. Ethan Robert Crumbley, age 15, armed with a 9mm semi-automatic handgun, killed four students and injured seven people, including a teacher. Authorities arrested and charged Crumbley as an adult for 24 crimes, including murder and terrorism. Crumbley pleaded guilty to all of the charges in October 2022 and was sentenced in December 2023 to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, plus an additional 24 years.[10]

Crumbley's parents, Jennifer and James Crumbley, were charged with involuntary manslaughter for failing to secure the handgun used in the shooting.[11] After failing to appear for their arraignment, the parents were the subjects of a manhunt by the U.S. Marshals; they were caught and arrested in Detroit. The Crumbleys were tried and convicted separately of four counts of involuntary manslaughter, and were jointly sentenced on April 9, 2024, to the maximum allowed: 15 years in prison, with the possibility of parole after 10 years.[6]

Lawsuits were filed against the school district, Oxford Community Schools, alleging negligence by school officials towards warning signs exhibited by Crumbley leading up to the shooting.

Background

[edit]

Oxford High School used the active shooter drill known as ALICE (Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, and Evacuate), which uses proactive strategies to evade a gunman, such as using noise as a distraction and creating distance. The teachers were also trained to use a barrier at the base of the door called Nightlock, which was installed on every door of the school in 2017, three years before such barriers were required by Michigan law.[12][13][14]

According to students and parents, rumors about threats of a mass shooting at the school were circulating before it occurred, prompting some students to stay home the day of the incident.[15] Earlier that month, following an act of vandalism—which included the hurling of a severed deer head from the school roof into the courtyard—school administrators published a note to parents, saying they had been investigating the rumors, but found no threat.[4][16][17] Oakland County Sheriff Michael Bouchard asserted that his office was also unaware of any credible threats prior to the shooting.[18]

Shooting

[edit]

Surveillance footage showed Ethan Robert Crumbley entering a bathroom and exiting it about a minute later, holding a semi-automatic handgun.[19][failed verification] Immediately afterwards, he started firing in the hallway as hundreds of students passed through, transitioning from one class to another. When the students began fleeing, he methodically and deliberately walked down the hallway and shot into classrooms and at anyone who was unable to escape until he moved on toward another classroom. Due to the quick response by students and staff, Crumbley was unable to actually enter any of the classrooms.[3][20][21][22]

According to students, a voice over the intercom alerted them to an active shooter, and their teachers started locking and barricading doors and covering windows, convincing them it was not a drill.[18] Others recounted hearing loud, banging sounds, before they realized the noises were gunshots and quickly locked the door.[23] One student, who hid in a toilet stall, recalled hearing a gun being cocked outside the bathroom. Once the school had been secured, he opened the bathroom door to find several bodies lying on the floor.[24][25]

At 12:51 p.m., police received the first of approximately 100 9-1-1 calls about the shooting and headed to the school.[5] Within two or three minutes of first-responder arrival on the scene, Crumbley was arrested, unharmed, by a deputy, assigned as a school resource officer, and a second deputy.[3][26][27] The assailant allegedly still had seven rounds of ammunition loaded into his gun and two 15-round magazines.[28][29][30] At a news conference, Oakland County Undersheriff Michael McCabe said Crumbley surrendered to deputies without incident.[19][31][32][33] The entire shooting lasted about five minutes and occurred in the southern end of the school building.[4][31] A total of 32 spent bullet casings were found at the school.[34]

Immediately afterwards, the school went into lock-down. Some students were evacuated to a nearby Meijer store, and one woman helped shelter children in her house.[24][26] Authorities conducted three sweeps of the building in search of victims and evidence.[31] At least one student posted a video to social media, showing people hiding in a classroom while someone out in the hallway spoke to them, claiming to be law enforcement. Those locked down in the classroom mistakenly believed the speaker was the shooter. They ultimately fled through the windows, and, from there, a deputy led them to safety.[28][35][36] During a subsequent press conference, Sheriff Bouchard confirmed that, based on surveillance footage, Crumbley had never knocked on a door, and the person speaking from the hall was likely a detective trying to calm the students.[37]

Victims

[edit]

Three students—Madisyn Baldwin, 17; Tate Myre, 16; and Hana St. Juliana, 14—were killed at the scene, and eight other people, including a teacher, were injured.[38][39][40] Myre was reportedly shot while attempting to stop the gunman; he died in a police vehicle en route to the hospital.[41] On December 1, a fourth student, 17-year-old Justin Shilling, died in the hospital from his injuries.[5][42]

By the night of November 30, three of the injured were in critical condition,[c] with one on a ventilator; another was in serious condition, three were in stable condition, and the injured teacher was discharged after being treated for a graze wound to the shoulder.[18] The last of the injured was discharged on January 17, 2022, more than a month after the shooting.[43]

Investigation

[edit]

The school was processed by investigators, with video footage from security cameras within the building as their primary focus. Officials told reporters that the cameras showed some of the actual shooting, and that Crumbley had a clear intent to kill other students, saying he fired through barricaded doors and aimed for the heads and chests of victims at close range.[36][44]

A search warrant was also executed at Crumbley's home, where a cell phone, a journal, several long guns, and other items were seized as part of the investigation into the shooting and Crumbley's prior social media posts.[45][46][47] The cell phone contained two videos of Crumbley—both filmed the night before the incident—in which he purportedly talked about his plans to shoot and kill students at the school the following day. The journal also reportedly detailed "his desire to shoot up the school,"[46][48] and was quoted as including: "Hopefully my shooting will cause Biden to get impeached."[49] According to Sheriff Bouchard, as reported on December 4, investigators had spoken with Crumbley's parents during the search of their home, but not afterwards.[50]

School response

[edit]

Following public scrutiny of the school's handling of reports about Crumbley's behavior, the superintendent of Oxford Community Schools, the school district that includes Oxford High School, announced that a third-party investigation of the incident would be conducted.[51] He also said he would recommend a review of the district's "entire system" to school board members.[52] The office of Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel offered to conduct the investigation, but the district declined the offer.[53][54] Instead, the district stated that it would use an "outside firm" for the investigation.[55] Later, during an interview with WXYZ-TV, Nessel criticized the district's decision to hire a third party to conduct an investigation, saying she did not believe it was appropriate.[56][57] She also expressed her doubts that the results of the investigation would be made public.[55]

On December 6, prosecutor Karen McDonald said Oxford High School officials had legal grounds to search Crumbley's backpack and locker when concerns were raised about his behavior on the day of the shooting, but they never did so, for reasons which were not made clear. She also said that charges against school officials were not being ruled out.[56] On December 8, Nessel announced her office's intent to review the actions taken by the school leading up to the shooting, despite the district turning down her offer to do so, saying, "I really do think it's incumbent upon the Michigan Department of Attorney General and the top law enforcement official in the state to conduct a further review."[58]

Perpetrator

[edit]

The shooter was identified as 15-year-old sophomore student Ethan Robert Crumbley (born April 28, 2006).[59] He was in class on the day of the shooting.

Crumbley was placed under suicide watch after being taken to the county's juvenile detention facility.[18] He initially maintained his right to silence.[60]

Crumbley was born in Atlantic Beach, Florida, 15 miles (20 km) east of Jacksonville, to parents Jennifer and James, both of whom had prior minor criminal records from 1995 to 2005 for DUI and check fraud.[61] During Ethan's childhood, both parents worked in business development and marketing, before moving the family to Issaquah, Washington, a few years later.

A former neighbor told the Detroit Free Press that, shortly after the family's subsequent move to Michigan, in 2014 and 2015, Jennifer and James often left their son home alone and without a phone as they frequented bars in downtown Lake Orion. The neighbor became so concerned that she filed an anonymous complaint via phone to the state's child protective services agency, but she did not know if any action was taken.[62] According to prosecutors, Ethan's only friend moved away at the end of October 2021, and the family dog died, plunging him into depression. As early as March 2021, he started sending his mother "disturbing texts about his state of mind," which included claims about "demons" and "ghosts" inside the home. He also reportedly videotaped himself torturing animals, made Molotov cocktails, and sketched himself committing a school shooting, something he also joked about with a friend via text message. At one point, Crumbley allegedly kept a baby bird's head in a jar, which he later placed in a school bathroom. His parents allegedly never sought therapy for him following any of those incidents or behaviors.[63][64]

Weapon

[edit]

A 9mm SIG Sauer SP 2022 semi-automatic handgun and at least two 15-round magazines were recovered from Crumbley at the time of his arrest, while a third magazine was found at the school. Bouchard said James Crumbley had purchased the gun under his own name from a local gun shop on Black Friday, four days prior to the shooting. Prosecutor Karen McDonald later said that Ethan Crumbley was with his father at the time of the purchase and that he posted about it on social media later that day. McDonald also said that Jennifer Crumbley referred to the gun as Ethan's "new Christmas present" in a social media post. Based on recovered shell casings found in the school, authorities believe at least 30 shots were fired. It was unclear how Ethan gained possession of the gun or how it was brought by him into the school building. In Michigan, minors cannot legally possess guns, other than within limited circumstances, such as when hunting with an adult.[18][30][38][65][66]

Behavior immediately prior to the shooting

[edit]

Police said there was no indication that Crumbley had faced any disciplinary issues prior to the shooting. Still, Crumbley was reported to have met with school officials the day prior to the shooting, and once again early on the day of the shooting, to discuss his behavior.[25][67] Prosecutor Karen McDonald later provided a timeline regarding the meetings. The first meeting occurred after a teacher spotted Crumbley using his phone to search for ammunition and reported him. During the discussion, Crumbley told them that he and his mother Jennifer had recently traveled to a shooting range and that "shooting sports are a family hobby."[20] School officials left a voicemail and email for Jennifer Crumbley; she did not respond but later texted her son, writing "LOL I'm not mad at you. You have to learn not to get caught."[68]

The second meeting occurred on the day of the shooting after another teacher found a violent drawing on Crumbley's desk, described by McDonald in a press conference as:

A drawing of a semiautomatic handgun, pointing at the words, "The thoughts won't stop. Help me." In another section of the note was a drawing of a bullet, with the following words above that bullet: "Blood everywhere." Between the drawing of the gun and the bullet is a drawing of a person who appears to have been shot twice and bleeding. Below that figure is a drawing of a laughing emoji. Further down the drawing are the words, "My life is useless." And to the right of it are the words, "The world is dead."[69]

The teacher took a photo of the drawing, which was on a math worksheet, and reported Crumbley.[70][71][72] He was taken to a guidance counselor's office, where school staff phoned Crumbley's parents, requesting that they come to the school. According to the superintendent of Oxford Community Schools, while waiting for his parents to arrive, school counselors did not observe any behavior from Crumbley that indicated to them that he might harm others.[20] Upon their arrival, Crumbley's parents were shown the drawing – which Crumbley had scribbled over by that point in an attempt to conceal its contents – and instructed to seek counseling for their son within 48 hours, otherwise the school would call child protective services. Crumbley's parents, despite being told that he was displaying suicidal ideation, "resisted the idea" of taking their son home at the time, did not inform school officials that they had purchased a gun for him four days earlier, and at 10:54 a.m. they left the school.[73] Despite being told their son was suicidal, and had drawn a hand gun on his homework with the words "help me", they did not look for the gun when they returned home.[73] Crumbley was returned to class that same morning, as he had no prior disciplinary issues.[20][72] According to McDonald, at the time of that meeting, Crumbley had already placed the weapon he was to use in the shooting somewhere on school grounds.[65] Crumbley's mother texted him at 12:38 p.m., 12 minutes before the killings started, to see how he was doing.[73]

Crumbley committed the shooting at 12:50 p.m., following this second meeting between himself, his parents, and school officials.[3][74][75] Prosecutors further alleged that at 1:22 p.m. – seven minutes after the first news reports came in of a shooting at the school and before any mention of who was responsible – Jennifer Crumbley texted her son, saying, "Ethan, don't do it." At 1:37 p.m., James Crumbley called 911 to report a SIG Sauer SP 2022 handgun as missing and that Ethan "could be the gunman at Oxford High."[3][71]

According to the Oxford Community Schools superintendent on December 2, no discipline had been warranted at the time of the meetings with Crumbley and his parents.[76] Sheriff Bouchard said concerns about Crumbley's troubling behavior had never been shared with his office.[77]

[edit]

Against Ethan Crumbley

[edit]
State of Michigan v. Crumbley
CourtMichigan 52nd Judicial District Court, Division 3
Citation21-006611-FY
Court membership
Judge sittingNancy T. Carniak

Crumbley was arraigned by a magistrate on homicide and attempted homicide charges shortly after he was arrested, to allow for continued custody, but he was not immediately charged as an adult. On December 1, 2021, he was charged with terrorism causing death, first-degree murder, assault with intent to murder, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, with the possibility of more charges being added as the investigation continued.[78][79] According to the Associated Press, this appeared to be the first time in U.S. history where a terrorism charge was filed in relation to a gunfire incident on school grounds.[80] The terrorism charge is provided under Michigan law for "an act that is intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population"— in this case, the Oxford High School community.[81]

Crumbley was charged as an adult,[82] and the judge, Nancy T. Carniak, entered a plea of not guilty on his behalf.[48] He was ordered to be held without bond and relocated to the Oakland County Jail,[48] and Carniak scheduled a probable cause conference[d] for December 13 and a preliminary examination for December 20.[84] Crumbley was appointed an attorney by the court after his parents hired lawyers for themselves, but did not do so for their son.[85]

At Crumbley's probable cause conference on December 13, Carniak postponed the upcoming preliminary examination to January 7, 2022, to allow prosecutors to review evidence. Crumbley's appointed guardian ad litem asked that he be moved back to the juvenile detention center, as Crumbley could "hear other adults, which violates the [Michigan] statute for minors being held in adult facilities;"[86] the request was denied by Carniak. Assistant prosecutor Marc Keast said he would contact Oakland County Jail regarding Crumbley's proximity to adults.[87] On January 7, 2022, Crumbley waived the probable cause hearing and was bound over for trial.[88]

On January 12, 2022, a plea of not guilty was entered on Crumbley's behalf during his arraignment.[89] On January 26, 2022, Crumbley announced he would plead insanity via a court filing made by his lawyers. He also requested an evaluation of his criminal responsibility, which is standard procedure; Crumbley was to be evaluated by a doctor from the Center for Forensic Psychiatry.[90]

On October 24, 2022, Crumbley pleaded guilty to all of the charges and withdrew his intent to pursue an insanity defense. He also admitted during questioning on that day that his own money was used to purchase the weapon used and claimed that the gun was not locked away on the day of the shooting.[91]

On September 29, 2023, Judge Kwame Rowe ruled that Crumbley was eligible for a sentence of life without parole. In his ruling, Rowe said that while Crumbley's youth and difficulties at home were mitigating factors, they did not outweigh the seriousness of his crime. Rowe also pointed out that Crumbley's obsession with violence had persisted during his time in jail, citing an incident wherein Crumbley accessed violent material online using a hacked tablet. As a juvenile, Crumbley was entitled to a hearing, under a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Miller v. Alabama, to determine whether he would be eligible for parole after serving at least 25 years.[92] A formal sentencing was scheduled for December 8, 2023.

On December 9, 2023, it was announced that Crumbley had been sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.[93] Right before the sentencing Crumbley apologized to the courtroom and stated that "Any sentence that [the victims] ask for, I ask that you do impose it on me" and that he was truly sorry.[94]

After turning 18 on April 28, 2024, Crumbley was moved to Oaks Correctional Facility in Manistee, Michigan.[95]

Against Crumbley's parents

[edit]

Announcement of charges

[edit]

After announcing the charges against Ethan Crumbley, prosecutor Karen McDonald told reporters that her office was also considering criminal charges against Crumbley's parents, Jennifer and James, in connection with the shooting. She said responsible gun ownership was crucial to stop tragedies and those who are irresponsible with their firearms should be held accountable.[79] On December 3, McDonald held a press conference in which she announced that both parents were being charged with four counts of involuntary manslaughter for their failure to secure the gun Crumbley used in the shooting. It is a rare instance of parents being charged in relation to a school shooting.[74][96][97] James and Jennifer Crumbley were the first US parents to be charged with having responsibility for a mass school shooting by a child.[98]

Search on December 3–4

[edit]

After charges were announced against Crumbley's parents Jennifer and James,[99] an alert was issued hours later by state authorities, as the Crumbleys had left the Oxford Township area and not returned as expected to meet with their attorneys and turn themselves in.[100] The Oakland County Sheriff's Office said the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the U.S. Marshals Service, and the Oakland County Fugitive Apprehension Team were searching for the parents;[101] the FBI said they were not involved at the time.[102]

Shortly after, the Crumbleys' attorneys told the Detroit Free Press that their clients did not flee but rather left town for their own safety and would return to be arraigned.[103] However, both parents missed their 4:00 p.m. arraignment and remained at large.[104] Undersheriff McCabe told CNN that the attorneys had not talked with the parents after attempting to reach them by phone and text without success.[96][105] CNN reported that Jennifer and James had withdrawn $4,000 from an ATM in Rochester Hills on December 3 and that they had turned off their cell phones.[96] Late on December 3, the U.S. Marshals released wanted posters for Jennifer and James and also announced rewards of up to $10,000 for information leading to their arrests.[106]

At around 11:05 p.m. on December 3, police received a tip from a business owner who found the Crumbleys' vehicle in his parking lot in Detroit, about 40 miles (64 km) from Oxford. The man also said he saw Jennifer Crumbley, who fled upon being spotted. Police responded to the scene about 20 minutes later and established a perimeter in the area. At around 2:00 a.m. on December 4, police took the couple into custody after finding them in a first-floor room at a nearby commercial building.[50][107][108][109][110] In a press conference on December 4, the Oakland County Sheriff reported that a person had assisted the parents in entering the building, that additional charges may be filed against them in relation to their fleeing, and that there would also be charges brought against the person who had helped them.[111] He also said that the Crumbleys were unarmed and very distressed during the arrests, and that there was no indication they had planned to surrender.[50][112]

The person believed to have assisted the Crumbleys identified himself, through his attorney, as an Oakland County resident who operated a business inside the building. He claimed to not have been aware that the couple was wanted by authorities at the time he allowed them to stay in his workspace. However, he declined to elaborate on the nature of his association with them.[56][113][114] He was questioned by authorities, who described him as being cooperative.[56][115] Police conducted a search on his home in Troy and seized several digital devices.[116]

Trial proceedings

[edit]
Pre-trial proceedings
[edit]

Jennifer and James Crumbley were arraigned on December 4, where they pleaded not guilty to the charges, and a bail of $500,000 each was set for them.[20][113] Federal prosecutors began investigating whether federal laws were violated when James Crumbley purchased a handgun for his son.[117] The Crumbleys were held at Oakland County Jail, where their son was also being confined. As a result, all three were put in isolation, monitored under suicide watch, and not allowed to interact for an indefinite amount of time.[56][118][119]

During the Crumbleys' probable cause conference on December 14, a judge postponed their preliminary examination to February 8, 2022, while setting a bond hearing for January 7 of that year.[119] During the bond hearing, the judge sided with the prosecutors and declined to lower the Crumbleys' bond, saying they were a flight risk and the charges were too serious to warrant a lowering.[64]

In early 2024, the judge in their cases ruled that Jennifer Crumbley and James Crumbley would be granted separate trials, the first of which was scheduled to begin January 23, 2024. The Crumbleys were held in jail over two years awaiting trial.[120]

Trials
[edit]

Jennifer Crumbley's trial concluded on February 6, 2024, and James's on March 14. Juries found the Crumbleys guilty on all four counts of involuntary manslaughter.[121][122] On April 9, 2024, they were given the maximum sentence of 15 years in prison, with the possibility of parole after 10 years.[6] Jennifer was imprisoned in the Women's Huron Valley Correctional Facility and James in the Bellamy Creek Correctional Facility.[123][124]

Against the school district

[edit]

On December 9, 2021, multiple survivors of the shooting filed two $100 million lawsuits against Oxford Community Schools and its employees. At least one lawsuit alleges that school officials failed to stop the shooting and ignored several warning signs, such as threats posted to social media that had been brought to the school's attention.[125] On December 10, a lawyer representing two of the survivors requested a judge to order school officials to restore and preserve social media pages and other evidence that she claimed was willfully destroyed by the district following the shooting; the judge granted the request.[126]

Oxford Community Schools filed a motion to dismiss the original $100 million lawsuit on December 14, claiming that the survivors' attorney filed it without conducting due diligence required by the rules of professional responsibility and that it was done in an effort to "be on the news". The complaint filed by the district's legal representatives claimed that a one-time dean of students had been included as a defendant; due to the survivors' attorney not removing him, the man had received death threats and suffered from significant emotional stress. The complaint argued that the man should be removed from the suit and that the survivors' attorney be given significant sanctions.[127]

On January 8, 2022, survivors of the shooting filed an updated $100 million lawsuit that added eleven new counts against the named school officials.[128] The updated lawsuit included the principal and other administrators, accusing them of "gross negligence" and alleging that their actions "caused serious and permanent physical and emotional trauma." According to the lawsuit, school officials were aware of disturbing posts made by Crumbley on social media, as well as his tendencies toward animal cruelty, but they still allowed him to continue attending the school and directed teachers and counselors to discourage reports of Crumbley's behavior.[129]

On January 19, 2022, the superintendent of Oxford Community Schools issued a statement disputing the accusations made against the district in the lawsuits. He said that school officials did not discover, or were not informed about ammunition being displayed to others by Crumbley; that they were not aware of Crumbley's social media presence; that all tips made to school authorities through the "OK2SAY" tip line during November 2021 had been forwarded to and investigated by law enforcement; and that a different student, not Crumbley, was responsible for leaving a jar with a baby bird's head inside a school bathroom. He also said that Crumbley had met with a counselor and the dean of students prior to the shooting, but not with other school administrators or a "restorative practices coordinator". Additionally, though having no bearing whatsoever on their possible failure to act before the day of the shooting, the superintendent claimed that the Oxford High School principal and assistant principals ran towards the sound of gunfire to administer aid to the injured and look for the gunman.[130][131] On January 24, 2022, the district asked a federal judge to suspend the lawsuit until the criminal trials of Crumbley and his parents were concluded, saying the lawsuit could interfere with the prosecution of the Crumbleys.[132]

On March 6, 2023, a state judge dismissed the lawsuits against Oxford Community Schools and the staff at the school due to both having immunity from being sued, deeming that Crumbley was the direct cause of the shooting and not the school.[133][134][135][136]

Aftermath

[edit]

Many students were traumatized and distressed by the shooting, and they were affected by the loss of their classmates or had seen bodies on the ground.[24][25][137] The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services supplied help and support to the students and their families.[138] By January 2022, more than $3.2 million in resources had been approved by the Oakland County Board of Commissioners in response to the shooting since November 30.[139]

Oxford Community Schools closed down its schools for the rest of the week.[140] The district's reopening plan included a "soft opening" that included a law enforcement presence and trained clinicians being on standby for support.[141] In December 2021, the district's superintendent announced that when classes resumed after the holiday break, all middle and high school students would be required to wear clear backpacks, while all elementary school students would be required to keep their backpacks in lockers or cubbies all day.[142][143] However, Oxford High School remained closed and students had been attending classes at other buildings until January 24, 2022.[144]

Memorials and fundraisers

[edit]

Three prayer services were held on the night of November 30, attended by hundreds.[145][146] A memorial was created outside the school with stuffed animals and flowers left behind.[15][147] A candlelight vigil was held at Michigan State University on December 7 to honor the victims of the shooting.[148]

An online petition was started to rename the school's stadium after Tate Myre, one of the victims killed in the shooting.[149] A memorial patch to commemorate the victims and the shooting was created for the Michigan Wolverines football team that was first worn on December 4, during the Big Ten Championship Game.[150] The Detroit Lions and Minnesota Vikings also created T-shirts and hats and wore a helmet patch to commemorate the victims for their Week 13 game on December 5, while player Jalen Elliott wore an altered version of his No. 42 jersey, which bore Myre's name.[151][152] Myre was also given an honorary five-star rating by sports recruitment site 247Sports. He also received an honorary offer from Michigan State University.[153][154]

A GoFundMe was created by a family member of victim Madisyn Baldwin to help pay for funeral costs.[155] Baldwin's family created a hashtag with her name to identify acts of kindness and support as a way to honor her.[156]

Additional fundraisers for the victims and their families were seen on online crowdfunding pages, by local businesses, and by selling items such as T-shirts, to help cover medical, funeral, and other costs.[157] Others used the phrase OxfordStrong to sell fundraising items or as a hashtag on social media. The phrase was also used to identify a drop box location set-up by the township for cards and letters of support.[158][159]

The organization March for Our Lives held an event in Oxford on December 12 and shared experiences with the students of Oxford High.[160]

Copycat threats and arrests

[edit]

Copycat threats against numerous Metro Detroit schools were made the following day on December 1, leading many other area districts to cancel classes for at least one day;[140] according to Sheriff Bouchard, at least 60 schools were affected by the closures.[161] By December 3, at least 519 schools in 70 different districts in Michigan and six other states had closed their schools down in the wake of additional threats.[162] Bouchard also vowed to investigate, and Oakland County Prosecutor McDonald said they will press criminal charges against anyone who threatens violence at schools in the county.[161][163]

Schools around the country faced threats through social media on December 17, with some closing as a precaution. Others increased security and police presence on campuses, even after investigating the threats and finding that they lacked credibility, with some threats coming from other states. Multiple police stations and school districts issued statements about the threats and actions that would be taken against the individuals who made them. An additional statement was issued by TikTok, where a large majority of threats were allegedly identified as being made; the company removed many of the threatening videos posted and was working with law enforcement.[164][165]

In July 2024, it was reported that Thomas Matthew Crooks, the attempted assassin of Donald Trump, researched Ethan Crumbley and his family before his attack.[166]


Responses

[edit]

President Joe Biden and U.S. Representative Elissa Slotkin, whose district includes Oxford High School, expressed their condolences over the shooting.[167][168] Governor Gretchen Whitmer said in a statement that she was devastated for the students, staff, and families of the school, calling gun violence a "public health crisis".[169] Whitmer also ordered all flags in Michigan to fly at half-staff.[170] Democratic politicians in the Michigan Legislature vowed to pursue new gun control legislation and revive stalled bills relating to gun control.[171]

Families of victims in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting expressed their solidarity with the families of the Oxford shooting.[172] In addition, survivors and families of victims in the Parkland high school shooting expressed outrage over the Oxford shooting and expressed their desire to continue fighting for change.[173][174]

All four professional Detroit sports teams (Lions, Pistons, Tigers, and Red Wings) expressed their condolences to the community.[151][175][176]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Sources do not agree on the exact time when the shooting started. WDIV-TV and WZZM say the shooting started at 12:51 p.m.[1][2] CNN reported that, according to a prosecutor, the suspect, Ethan Crumbley, was seen with a backpack before 12:51, "then a minute or two later he exited [a] bathroom without the backpack but with a gun in hand".[3] Detroit Free Press and BBC News reported that police received the first 9-1-1 calls at 12:51.[4][5]
  2. ^
    • Lawsuit against the school district[7]
    • Wrongful death lawsuit against Ethan, James, and Jennifer Crumbley[8]
    • Lawsuit against dealer of Crumbley's weapon[9]
  3. ^ This number includes Justin Shilling, who died on December 1.
  4. ^ A probable cause conference, which is "akin to an informal pretrial conference between the prosecution and defense," is required in all felony cases by Michigan law (Mich. Comp. Laws § 766.4) and Michigan Court Rule 6.108.[83]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Johncox, Cassidy; Hutchinson, Derick (December 5, 2021). "Sunday Read: Everything we know about Oxford High School shooting -- timeline, charges, evidence, more". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  2. ^ "TIMELINE: Here's a look at the events leading up to the deadly Oxford High School shooting". WZZM. December 3, 2021. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Elamroussi, Aya (December 4, 2021). "The shooter 'methodically and deliberately' fired at students. A timeline of a school shooting tragedy". CNN. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Altavena, Lily; Shepard, Liz; Witsil, Frank; Moran, Darcie (November 30, 2021). "4 dead, 7 injured in Oxford High School shooting; suspect is 15-year-old student". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d "Michigan school shooting: Student kills four and wounds seven". BBC News. November 30, 2021. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "James and Jennifer Crumbley each sentenced to 10 to 15 years in prison". CNN. April 9, 2024. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  7. ^ Moghe, Sonia; Vera, Amir (January 13, 2022). "Lawsuit alleges Oxford High School administration could have prevented deadly school shooting". CNN. Archived from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  8. ^ Jeltema, Ryan (August 6, 2022) [January 27, 2022]. "Second lawsuit filed on behalf of Oxford High School shooting victims". WJRT News. Archived from the original on September 5, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  9. ^ Diaz, Jaclyn (June 29, 2022). "The dealer that sold the gun used in the Oxford High School shooting is being sued". NPR. Archived from the original on October 27, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  10. ^ "Oxford High School shooter sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  11. ^ Johncox, Cassidy; Hutchinson, Derick (December 3, 2021). "Involuntary manslaughter charges filed against parents of Oxford High School shooting suspect". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  12. ^ Ley, Shawn; Clarke, Kayla (December 8, 2021). "How Nightlock door stops may have saved lives at Oxford High School". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  13. ^ Goldstein, Dana (December 2, 2021). "After Michigan Killings, Students Praised Shooter Drills. But Do They Really Work?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  14. ^ Taylor, Joe (June 14, 2020). "Michigan Approves Nightlock Lockdown Devices for School Safety". Nightlock. Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Teen charged with murder, terrorism in Michigan school shooting as death toll rises to 4". CBC News. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021 – via Associated Press.
  16. ^ "3 students killed, 8 others wounded in Michigan high school shooting". CBC News. November 30, 2021. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021 – via Associated Press.
  17. ^ Jackson, Jon (December 1, 2021). "Some Students Stayed Home Ahead of Oxford School Shooting Due to Online Threats". Newsweek. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  18. ^ a b c d e Moran, Darcie (November 30, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting leaves 4 dead, multiple injured: Everything we know". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  19. ^ a b Atkinson, Scott; Smith, Mitch; Boudette, Neal E. (November 30, 2021). "Michigan High School Shooting: 3 Students Killed and Several Critically Injured". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  20. ^ a b c d e Elamroussi, Aya; Moshtaghian, Artemis (December 5, 2021). "School district releases details of key events leading up to Michigan shooting". CNN. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  21. ^ Keefer, Winter (December 1, 2021). "Testimony: Teen took video about killing students night before Oxford High School shooting". Michigan Live. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  22. ^ MacDonald, Christine; Anderson, Elisha; Kaufman, Gina; Warikoo, Niraj (December 1, 2021). "Authorities: Oxford school shooting suspect talked in video about killing students before rampage". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  23. ^ Bush, Aleksandra; Hughes, Aleksandra (December 1, 2021). "Sisters report social media threats before school shooting". NewsNation. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  24. ^ a b c Da Silva, Chantal; Fieldstadt, Elisha (December 1, 2021). "Woman who sheltered fleeing students during Michigan school shooting says they're 'traumatized for life'". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  25. ^ a b c Hanna, Jason; Elamroussi, Aya; Prokupecz, Shimon (December 2, 2021). "Investigators reveal concerns about behavior of Michigan high school shooting suspect leading up to the tragedy". CNN. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  26. ^ a b Householder, Mike; Kryska, Ryan (November 30, 2021). "Michigan school shooting: 3 dead, 8 injured after student opens fire". Global News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  27. ^ Snell, Robert (November 30, 2021). "Authorities swarm family home of suspected Oxford High shooter". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  28. ^ a b Colton, Emma; Best, Paul (November 30, 2021). "Michigan high school shooting leaves three students dead; 15-year-old suspect in custody". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  29. ^ Hayes, Christal; Altavena, Lily; Shepard, Liz; Witsil, Frank; Tebor, Celina (November 30, 2021). "At least 3 students dead, 8 injured in Michigan high school shooting; father of suspect purchased gun, authorities say". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  30. ^ a b Boucher, Dave (December 1, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting video 'absolutely cold-hearted,' sheriff says". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  31. ^ a b c Chambers, Jennifer; Martindale, Mike; Dickson, James David (November 30, 2021). "Three dead, eight hurt in Oxford High shooting; 15-year-old in custody". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  32. ^ Burke, Minyvonne; Madani, Doha (November 30, 2021). "3 killed, 8 injured in shooting at Oxford High School in suburban Detroit". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  33. ^ Dupnack, Jessica; Centofanti, Deena; Langton, Charlie (November 30, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting: 3 students dead, 8 hurt including 1 teacher". WJBK. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  34. ^ "Guilty: Inside the high-risk, historic prosecution of a school shooter's parents".
  35. ^ Bostock, Bill (December 1, 2021). "Video shows Oxford High School students realizing they may have been speaking to the gunman when a person outside their classroom called them 'bro'". Insider. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  36. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (December 1, 2021). "'Open the door': Chilling video shows Michigan students escape through window during Oxford shooting". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  37. ^ Jordan, Jerilyn (December 2, 2021). "Cop scared Oxford students by saying 'bro,' causing them to flee for their lives". Metro Times. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  38. ^ a b Hanna, Jason; Vera, Amir; Broaddus, Adrienne (November 30, 2021). "Suspect in deadly Michigan high school shooting charged as an adult with murder and terrorism". CNN. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  39. ^ Wisely, John; Hendrickson, Clara; Dixon, Jennifer; Kovanis, Georgea; Seidel, Jeff (December 1, 2021). "Oxford shooting deaths include honor student, athletes and artist". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  40. ^ Medina, Eduardo; Heyward, Giulia (December 1, 2021). "Here's what we know about the students who were killed at Oxford High". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  41. ^ Seidel, Jeff; McCabe, Mick (December 2, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting: Star athlete Tate Myre was willing to sacrifice for others". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
  42. ^ Dickson, James David (December 1, 2021). "Boy, 17, the 4th to die in Oxford High shooting". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  43. ^ Pasche, Paula (January 17, 2022). "Kylie Ossege is final Oxford shooting victim discharged from hospital". The Oakland Press. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
  44. ^ Vera, Amir; Romine, Taylor; McCleary, Kelly (December 1, 2021). "Authorities look for motive with 15-year-old Michigan high school shooting suspect in custody. Here's what we know". Erie News Now. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021 – via CNN.
  45. ^ "Michigan Suspect's Parents Met With School Hours Before Shooting". The New York Times. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  46. ^ a b Rohrlich, Justin; Melendez, Pilar; Gross, Allie (December 1, 2021). "Chilling Videos, Journal Found as Parents Face Scrutiny in Michigan School Shooting". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  47. ^ Asher, Taryn; Komer, David (November 30, 2021). "Investigators seize guns from suspected Oxford school shooter's home". WJBK. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  48. ^ a b c "Suspect in Oxford High shooting to be held in Oakland County Jail without bond". The Detroit News. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  49. ^ Baldas, Tresa (May 19, 2022). "Records: Oxford school shooting suspect hoped massacre would get Biden impeached". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  50. ^ a b c "Video released of Crumbleys' arrest, Oakland County Sheriff says no indication they were looking to surrender". WJBK. December 4, 2021. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  51. ^ Vakil, Caroline (December 4, 2021). "Michigan high school to undergo outside investigation into events leading up to shooting". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  52. ^ Altavena, Lily (December 8, 2021). "Oxford Supt.: Will recommend a review of 'entire system' in wake of shooting". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  53. ^ Bartkowiak, Dave Jr. (December 5, 2021). "Michigan AG offers 'full and comprehensive review' of Oxford High shooting to school district". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  54. ^ Clarke, Kayla (December 6, 2021). "Oxford Community Schools decline Michigan AG's offer to launch investigation into shooting: 'I am extremely disappointed'". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  55. ^ a b Spruill, Larry (December 7, 2021). "Oxford school district will use outside firm to investigate high school shooting". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  56. ^ a b c d e Caldwell, Travis; Moshtaghian, Artemis; Ellis, Ralph; Vera, Amir (December 6, 2021). "Michigan authorities execute search warrant at the home of the man accused of helping the alleged school gunman's parents". CNN. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  57. ^ Maxwell, Peter (December 6, 2021). "Michigan AG offers to conduct review of Oxford shooting, said more charges are possible". WXYZ-TV. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  58. ^ Eggert, David; Williams, Corey (December 8, 2021). "Michigan attorney general to review Oxford school shooting". Michigan Live. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021 – via Associated Press.
  59. ^ Place, Nathan; Sharma, Shweta; Kingsley, Thomas; Spocchia, Gino; Sheets, Megan (December 1, 2021). "Oxford school shooting – latest: Suspect Ethan Crumbley to be charged as an adult with murder and terrorism". Independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  60. ^ Hutchinson, Derick (December 2, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting timeline: What happened before, inside school and afterward". WDIV. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  61. ^ "I-TEAM: Suspected Michigan school shooter's parents lived, worked, and were arrested in Jacksonville". WJXT. December 2, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  62. ^ Kaufman, Gina; MacDonald, Christine; Anderson, Elisha; Altavena, Lily; Meyer, Josh (December 5, 2021). "James and Jennifer Crumbley join son in custody after late-night capture in Detroit". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  63. ^ Baldas, Tresa (December 23, 2021). "Parents of Michigan school shooting suspect bought him a gun despite animal abuse, 'disturbing texts' and other red flags, prosecutor says". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  64. ^ a b Baldas, Tresa (January 7, 2022). "Prosecutor: Oxford school shooting suspect texted mom about 'demons' in the house". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  65. ^ a b "Prosecutor criticizes Oxford school over run-up to mass shooting". Michigan Live. December 6, 2021. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021 – via Associated Press.
  66. ^ Joseph, Elizabeth; Vogt, Adrienne (December 3, 2021). "Prosecutor outlines timeline leading to charges against Michigan school shooting suspect's parents". CNN. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  67. ^ Dupnack, Jessica (December 1, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting suspect and parents met with school leaders same day as the shooting, sheriff says". WJBK. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  68. ^ "Behind the Charges Faced by the Parents of the Michigan Shooting Suspect". The New York Times. December 3, 2021. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  69. ^ "Read the Prosecutor's Account of Events Before the Michigan School Shooting". The New York Times. December 3, 2021. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  70. ^ Chambers, Jennifer (December 3, 2021). "Teacher alarmed by Oxford High suspect's drawings ahead of shooting, warned school leaders". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  71. ^ a b Healy, Jack (December 3, 2021). "Facing Charges, Parents of Michigan Shooting Suspect Are Now Fugitives". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  72. ^ a b Williams, Becky (January 7, 2022). "Prosecutors detail warning signs missed by parents of Mich. school shooting suspect". NPR. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  73. ^ a b c Cheryl Horner (executive producer). Sins of the Parents: The Crumbley Trials. ABC News Studios. [note: shown from time stamp 09:12 to 10:48]
  74. ^ a b Sullivan, Becky (December 3, 2021). "Parents of Michigan school shooting suspect are charged with involuntary manslaughter". NPR. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  75. ^ Dickson, James David (December 3, 2021). "Parents knew Oxford High suspect was troubled, charged with manslaughter, officials say". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  76. ^ "Oxford superintendent issues video message in wake of school shooting". WXYZ. December 2, 2021. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  77. ^ Ley, Shawn; Clarke, Kayla (December 2, 2021). "Sheriff: Concerns about accused Oxford High School shooter weren't shared with law enforcement". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  78. ^ "Prosecutor charges accused Oxford High school shooter with terrorism, murder". WZZM. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  79. ^ a b Moran, Darcie; Altavena, Lily; Miller, Ryan W.; Hayes, Christal (December 1, 2021). "Charges filed in Michigan school shooting that left 4 dead; suspect's 'concerning behavior' led school to call parents Tuesday, sheriff says". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  80. ^ Eggert, David (December 1, 2021). "EXPLAINER: Why was Michigan suspect charged with terrorism?". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  81. ^ Prokupecz, Shimon; Almasy, Steve (December 1, 2021). "Here's why the suspected Michigan school shooter has been charged with terrorism". CNN. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  82. ^ "Michigan school shooting: Suspect, 15, charged as an adult". BBC News. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  83. ^ "What Is a Probable Cause Conference?". Livonia Criminal Defense Attorney. February 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  84. ^ "Suspect in Oxford High shooting to be held in Oakland County Jail without bond". The Detroit News. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  85. ^ Sharp, Rachel (December 7, 2021). "Shooting suspect Ethan Crumbley appointed lawyer by court after parents hired own". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  86. ^ McCleary, Kelly; Elamroussi, Aya (December 13, 2021). "Probable cause hearing for Michigan high school shooting suspect Ethan Crumbley postponed until January 7". CNN. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  87. ^ Johncox, Cassidy; Bartkowiak, Dave Jr. (December 13, 2021). "Suspected Oxford shooter Ethan Crumbley appears for probable cause hearing". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  88. ^ Brand-Williams, Oralandar; Dickson, James David (January 7, 2022). "Accused Oxford High shooter Ethan Crumbley waives hearing, headed to trial". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  89. ^ Brand-Williams, Oralander; Dickson, James David (January 12, 2022). "Not guilty plea entered at arraignment for accused Oxford High shooter". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  90. ^ McDuffie, Will (January 27, 2022). "Alleged Oxford High School shooter, Ethan Crumbley, to claim insanity defense". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  91. ^ Williams, Corey; Householder, Mike (October 24, 2022). "Michigan teen pleads guilty to killing 4 in school shooting". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
  92. ^ Saul, Stephanie; Goldstein, Dana (September 29, 2023). "Michigan School Shooter Is Found Eligible for Life Sentence Without Parole". New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
  93. ^ Sangal, Aditi; Hammond, Elise; Sottile, Zoe (December 8, 2023). "Michigan school shooter sentenced to life in prison without parole". Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  94. ^ "Michigan teen sentenced to life for school shooting that killed four". The Guardian. Associated Press. December 9, 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  95. ^ Booth-Singleton, DeJanay (April 29, 2024). "Oxford High School shooter moved to new Michigan prison to serve life sentence after turning 18 - CBS Detroit". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  96. ^ a b c Almasy, Steve; Croft, Jay; Elamroussi, Aya (December 3, 2021). "There is a manhunt for parents of the Michigan high school shooting suspect, but two attorneys say they are not fleeing". CNN. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  97. ^ White, Ed (December 3, 2021). "EXPLAINER: How unusual to charge parents in school shooting?". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  98. ^ theguardian.com: Father of Michigan school shooter found guilty of involuntary manslaughter Archived April 2, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
  99. ^ Sheets, Megan (December 3, 2021). "Michigan school shooting: Ethan Crumbley's parents charged with involuntary manslaughter". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  100. ^ Dupnack, Jessica (December 3, 2021). "Parents of accused Oxford shooter are headed back to area for arraignment, say attorneys". WJBK. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  101. ^ Hutchinson, Derick; Haddad, Ken (December 3, 2021). "Police still searching for parents of suspected Oxford High School shooter". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  102. ^ Miller, Ryan W. (December 3, 2021). "Manslaughter charges filed against parents of alleged shooter in Michigan school shooting; authorities search for couple". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  103. ^ Marini, Miriam; MacDonald, Christine (December 3, 2021). "US Marshals search for James, Jennifer Crumbley; attorney says they'll turn themselves in". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  104. ^ "The Crumbleys didn't show for their arraignment today. Here's what you need to know". CNN. December 3, 2021. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  105. ^ Conklin, Audrey; Sabes, Adam (December 3, 2021). "School shooting suspect Ethan Crumbley's parents returning after manhunt underway, lawyers say". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  106. ^ Stelloh, Tim; Burke, Minyvonne (December 3, 2021). "Rewards offered for parents of Michigan shooting suspect after manslaughter charges". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  107. ^ Sung, Carolyn; Prokupecz, Shimon; Hanna, Jason (December 4, 2021). "Parents of Michigan school shooting suspect held on $500,000 bond each after manhunt". CNN. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  108. ^ "James and Jennifer Crumbley plead not guilty to charges in Oxford case, $500K bond issued for each". WXYZ-TV. December 3, 2021. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  109. ^ White, Rose (December 4, 2021). "Oakland County sheriff says someone helped parents of accused Oxford school shooter evade police". Michigan Live. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  110. ^ Arshad, Minnah (December 4, 2021). "James and Jennifer Crumbley found in century-old building with rich history". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  111. ^ Dress, Brad (December 4, 2021). "Sheriff: Police looking to charge person who allegedly helped hide parents of suspected school shooter". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  112. ^ Barghouthi, Hani (December 5, 2021). "Artist comes forward about Crumbleys' whereabouts after their capture, lawyer says". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  113. ^ a b Johncox, Cassidy (December 5, 2021). "Police: Someone helped parents of Oxford shooting suspect hide in Detroit building". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  114. ^ Moghe, Sonia; Joseph, Elizabeth; Cullinane, Susannah (December 5, 2021). "Michigan school shooting: Man identifies himself as person accused of helping alleged gunman's parents". CNN. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  115. ^ Clarke, Kayla (December 5, 2021). "Artist with ties to building parents of Oxford shooting suspect were arrest in will be questioned by detectives". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  116. ^ Ley, Shawn; Clarke, Kayla (December 7, 2021). "Oxford High School shooting: A look inside the manhunt for the parents of the suspected shooter". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  117. ^ Ley, Shawn; Clarke, Kayla (December 6, 2021). "Could parents of Oxford High School shooting suspect face federal charges related to purchase of gun used in shooting?". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  118. ^ Johncox, Cassidy (December 5, 2021). "Suspected Oxford High shooter, parents all lodged at same jail but separate, officials say". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  119. ^ a b Baldas, Tresa (December 14, 2021). "Defense gets new bond hearing for parents of Oxford school shooting suspect". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  120. ^ "Judge rejects James, Jennifer Crumbley request: Jury will see video of your son's rampage". Detroit Free Press. January 12, 2024. Archived from the original on January 12, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  121. ^ White, Ed; Williams, Corey (February 6, 2024). "Jury finds Jennifer Crumbley, the Michigan school shooter's mother, guilty of manslaughter". AP News. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  122. ^ Levenson, Eric; del Valle, Lauren; Faheid, Dalia (March 14, 2024). "Father of Michigan school shooter found guilty of manslaughter weeks after mother's conviction". CNN. Archived from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  123. ^ "Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS)".
  124. ^ "Ethan Crumbley moved to West Michigan prison". April 29, 2024.
  125. ^ Snell, Robert (December 9, 2021). "Mass shooting survivors filing $100M lawsuits against Oxford Schools". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  126. ^ Snell, Robert; Harding, Hayley (December 10, 2021). "Oxford school officials destroying evidence in wake of mass shooting, lawyer says". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  127. ^ Conklin, Audrey (December 14, 2021). "Oxford school shooting: School district files motion to dismiss $100M lawsuit". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  128. ^ Snell, Robert (January 8, 2022). "Oxford school leaders let Crumbley accelerate 'murderous rampage,' lawsuit claims". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  129. ^ Burke, Minyvonne (January 12, 2022). "Lawsuit says administrators knew Michigan school shooter Ethan Crumbley was dangerous". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  130. ^ Altavena, Lily; Baldas, Tresa (January 19, 2022). "Oxford district blasts Fieger lawsuit in new statement, superintendent disputes multiple claims". The Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  131. ^ Chambers, Jennifer (January 19, 2022). "Oxford officials clarify rumors about Nov. 30 school shooting". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  132. ^ Snell, Robert (January 25, 2022). "Oxford schools officials seek to pause $100M mass shooting lawsuit". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  133. ^ Michigan judge dismisses lawsuits against school district over mass shooting Archived February 7, 2024, at the Wayback Machine Courthouse News Service
  134. ^ ‘You can't sue the king.’ Qualified immunity under attack in Oxford High mass shooting lawsuit Archived February 7, 2024, at the Wayback Machine MLive
  135. ^ Oxford school district granted immunity from civil lawsuit in mass shooting Archived February 7, 2024, at the Wayback Machine CBS News Detroit
  136. ^ Oxford school, staff can't be sued for shooting, judge in Michigan rules Archived March 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine Washington Post
  137. ^ Student breaks down after learning classmate died in Michigan school shooting (Video). CNN. December 2, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  138. ^ "SOM – MDHHS shares mental health resources available for those impacted by Oxford school shooting". Government of Michigan. December 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  139. ^ Haddad, Ken (January 24, 2022). "Oakland County commission approves $3.2M in response to Oxford shooting". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  140. ^ a b Howard, Phoebe Wall (December 1, 2021). "School districts across metro Detroit closed Thursday due to threats". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  141. ^ Caldwell, Travis; Watts, Amanda (December 7, 2021). "Michigan school shooting could have been prevented given warning signs, prosecutor says". CNN. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  142. ^ Chambers, Jennifer. "Oxford will require clear backpacks for middle, high school students". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
  143. ^ Lenthang, Marlene (January 3, 2022). "Clear backpacks required for some students after deadly Michigan school shooting". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  144. ^ "Oxford High School reopens nearly 2 months after shooting". Associated Press. January 24, 2022. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  145. ^ Kovanis, Georgea; Altavena, Lily; Rahman, Nushrat; Shamus, Kristen Jordan (November 30, 2021). "Community gathers to pray for peace in wake of Oxford High School shooting". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  146. ^ Hicks, Mark (December 1, 2021). "Pastors offer comfort to Oxford community in wake of shooting". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  147. ^ Neuman, Scott (December 2, 2021). "Michigan authorities consider charges against the school shooting suspect's parents". NPR. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  148. ^ Williams, Victor (December 7, 2021). "Vigil held at Michigan State University to honor victims of Oxford High School shooting". WDIV-TV. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  149. ^ Palmer, Ewan (December 1, 2021). "Tate Myre: Students Want to Rename Oxford High School's Stadium After Shooting 'Hero'". Newsweek. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  150. ^ McMann, Aaron (December 3, 2021). "Michigan football to honor Oxford High School shooting victims with jersey patch". Michigan Live. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  151. ^ a b Wells, Adam. "Lions to Wear Helmet Decal, T-shirt Honoring Victims of Oxford High School Shooting". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  152. ^ Purcell, Jared (December 5, 2021). "Detroit Lions and Minnesota Vikings honor Oxford shooting victims during game". Michigan Live. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  153. ^ "Tate Myre, Oxford, Running Back". 247Sports. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  154. ^ Trieu, Allen (December 31, 2021). "Oxford shooting victim Tate Myre earns honorary five-star status". 247Sports. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  155. ^ Howard, Phoebe Wall (December 1, 2021). "Grandmother of Oxford school shooting victim Madisyn Baldwin pleads for help on GoFundMe". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  156. ^ Rahman, Nushrat (December 7, 2021). "Family of Oxford High School shooting victim encourage acts of kindness in her name". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  157. ^ Rahman, Nushrat (December 2, 2021). "How to help Oxford High School families: Fundraisers for donations, T-shirts for sale". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  158. ^ Witsil, Frank (December 1, 2021). "Oxford High School booster club offers black-ribbon stickers, T-shirts #OxfordStrong". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  159. ^ Hicks, Mark (December 7, 2021). "Oxford shooting survivor home: 'Strongest, bravest, most epic human,' mom says". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  160. ^ "March For Our Lives event in Oxford held to honor the lives lost to the tragic shooting". Fox2 Detroit. December 12, 2021. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  161. ^ a b Brand-Williams, Oralandar; Fleming, Leonard N. (December 2, 2021). "60 Michigan schools close amid 'tidal wave' of copycat threats after Oxford shooting". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  162. ^ Fung, Katherine (December 3, 2021). "Since Oxford Shooting, At Least 519 Schools Have Closed Nationwide Due to Threats". Newsweek. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  163. ^ Mordowanec, Nick (December 1, 2021). "Bouchard: Copycat threats, credible or not, will be charged". The Oakland Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  164. ^ Weaver, Stephanie (December 16, 2021). "Nationwide TikTok challenge causes several school districts to take heightened precautions". KSAZ-TV. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  165. ^ Querolo, Nic (December 16, 2021). "Across the U.S., School Shooting Threats on TikTok Prompt Closures and More Police". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  166. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Perez, Evan; Lybrand, Holmes (July 19, 2024). "Trump rally shooter researched Michigan mass shooter Ethan Crumbley and his family prior to attack". CNN. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  167. ^ Chowdhury, Maureen (November 30, 2021). "Biden on school shooting: "My heart goes out to the families that are enduring the unimaginable grief"". CNN. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  168. ^ Boxer, Sarah (November 30, 2021). "Michigan lawmaker tweets condolences to school shooting victims from her district". CNN. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  169. ^ Medina, Eduardo (November 30, 2021). "'No one should be afraid to go to school,' Michigan's governor says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  170. ^ Burke, Melissa Nann (November 30, 2021). "Biden on shooting: 'My heart goes out to the families enduring unimaginable grief'". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  171. ^ Eggert, David (December 1, 2021). "Dems renew push for gun-control bills after Oxford shooting". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  172. ^ Bouffard, Karen (December 3, 2021). "Sandy Hook parents to Oxford families: We understand 'irreparable damage to your heart'". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  173. ^ Burgos, Marisela (December 1, 2021). "Parents and victims of Parkland shooting demand change after Oxford High School shooting". WSVN. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  174. ^ Satterfield, Kolbie (December 2, 2021). "'We don't need to waste any more time' | Man who lost son in school shooting came to DC without invite to talk to Biden". WUSA. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  175. ^ James, Helene St. (November 30, 2021). "Detroit Red Wings on Oxford shooting: 'It is insane that this is somewhat normal'". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  176. ^ Whitaker, Michael (November 30, 2021). "Detroit Red Wings, Pistons and Tigers react to tragedy at Oxford High School". Detroit Sports Nation. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_High_School_shooting
5 views |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF