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Pérez Zeledón (canton)

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Pérez Zeledón
Canton
Flag of Pérez Zeledón
Flag
Official seal of Pérez Zeledón
Seal
Nickname: 
Pezeta (P.Z.)
Anthem: Himno Municipal de Pérez Zeledón
Map
Pérez Zeledón canton
Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province##Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica
Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province##Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica
Pérez Zeledón
Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province
Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province##Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica
Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province##Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica
Pérez Zeledón
Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica
Coordinates: 9°20′21″N 83°42′55″W / 9.3392039°N 83.7152394°W / 9.3392039; -83.7152394
Country Costa Rica
ProvinceSan José
Creation9 October 1931
Head citySan Isidro de El General
Districts
Districts
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • BodyMunicipalidad de Pérez Zeledón
 • MayorEmmanuel Ceciliano Alfaro (PUSC)
Area
 • Total
1,901.08 km2 (734.01 sq mi)
Elevation
690 m (2,260 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
134,534
 • Estimate 
(2022)
156,917
 • Density71/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−06:00
Canton code119
Websitewww.perezzeledon.go.cr

Pérez Zeledón is the nineteenth canton of the province of San José in Costa Rica, located in the Brunca region.[1][2] The capital city of the canton is San Isidro de El General.

The Río Savegre establishes the canton's boundaries on the northwest, the Río Guabo and a series of coastal mountain ranges on the southwest and south, and the peaks of the highest mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca (Talamanca Mountain Range) on the east. In the middle of the canton, the Río General, from which the canton's capital city takes its name, runs north to south.

History

[edit]

Pérez Zeledón was created on 9 October 1931 by decree 31.[2] Originally with four initial districts: Ureña, El General, Daniel Flores, and Rivas, with Ureña being the capital.[3]

Early Costa Rican Settlements

[edit]

Near the end of the 19th century, between 1870 and 1899, quite a few families lived in El General valley. The hamlets (Spanish: Caseríos) of El General, Palmares, Rivas, and Ureña were further populated from 1900 onward.[3]

The Caserío area of Ureña grew significantly. By 1911, during Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno's administration, the Refuges of Ojo de Agua, El Cerro de la Muerte, and División were established. These refuges would further advance the growth of the region known today as Pérez Zeledón and El General Valley.[3]

Costa Rican Civil War

[edit]

San Isidro de El General, Pérez Zeledón's capital, was awarded the recognition of Ciudad Mártir, regarding the civil war of 1948, as established by Decree Nº274.[4] This decree established official legal recognition of the city's participation in the civil war of 1948. A section of the decree states (in Spanish):

la Junta Fundadora de la Segunda República, apreciando el noble esfuerzo y la valiosa contribución de San Isidro de El General, se siente obligada a hacer un público y oficial reconocimiento de tan loable conducta para que de ninguna manera quede ella relegada al olvido, sino que constantemente sea exaltada como merecen los grandes hechos dignos de vida eterna en los fastos nacionales.

In English, this would loosely translate into:

The Founding Junta of the Second Republic, appreciating the noble effort and valuable contribution of San Isidro de El General, feels compelled to make a public and official recognition of such praiseworthy conduct that by no means be it relegated to oblivion, but rather constantly be exalted as great deeds merit worth of eternal life in the national splendor.

Pérez Zeledón was also the location of significant battles during the Costa Rican Civil War. The most notable battle was the Battle of San Isidro de El General. This battle was carried out at around 6:30 a.m. when 200 government forces engaged the revolutionaries at the city's central plaza. The fight was won by José Figueres Ferrer and his revolutionary forces, which secured the southern Pacific region of Costa Rica in rebel hands.[5]

Geography

[edit]

Pérez Zeledón has an area of 1,901.08 km2 (734.01 sq mi)[6] and a mean elevation of 690 m (2,260 ft).[1]

Government

[edit]

Mayor

[edit]

According to Costa Rica's Municipal Code, the canton's mayors are elected every four years.[7] As of the latest municipal elections in 2024, the Social Christian Unity Party candidate, Emmanuel Ceciliano Alfaro, was elected mayor of the canton with 28.99% of the votes, with Rosibel Ramos Madrigal and Mario Esteban Saenz Mena as first and second vice mayors, respectively.[8]

Mayors of Pérez Zeledón since the 2002 elections[9]
Period Name Party
2002–2006 Rosibel Ramos Madrigal PUSC
2006–2010
2010–2016 Luis Mendieta Escudero PLN
2016–2020 Jeffry Montoya Rodríguez PUSC
2020–2024
2024–2028 Emmanuel Ceciliano Alfaro

Municipal Council

[edit]

Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called regidores) are elected every four years. Pérez Zeledón's Municipal Council has 9 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless the owning regidor (regidor propietario) is absent.[7] The current president of the Municipal Council is the Broad Front member, Andrea Herrera Chaves, with the National Liberation Party regidor, Edgar Mena Rodríguez, as vice president.[10] The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024–2028 period is as follows:

Current composition of the Municipal Council of Pérez Zeledón after the 2024 municipal elections[11]
Political parties in the Municipal Council of Pérez Zeledón
Political party Regidores
№ Owner Substitute
Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) 3 Runny Monge Zúñiga Andrés Vega Solís
Anaís Barrantes Mora María Alejandra Arias Calvo
Carlos Zúñiga Montero Carlos Andrés Mora Navarro
Our Town Party (PNP) 3 Marvin Arias Retana Álvaro Navarro Navarro
Milena Elizondo Segura Dignora Alvarado Roquett[a]
Wilber Ureña Bonilla[b] José Francisco Calderón Fernández
National Liberation Party (PLN) 1 Edgar Mena Rodríguez(VP) Henry Alberto Mora Espinoza
Broad Front (FA) 1 Andrea Herrera Chaves(P) Luz María Godínez Méndez
Social Democratic Progress Party (PSD) 1 María Josefa Fallas Ureña Weslyn Dahianna Mena Ríos

Districts

[edit]

The canton of Pérez Zeledón is subdivided into the following districts:

  1. San Isidro de El General
  2. El General
  3. Daniel Flores
  4. Rivas
  5. San Pedro
  6. Platanares
  7. Pejibaye
  8. Cajón
  9. Barú
  10. Río Nuevo
  11. Páramo
  12. La Amistad

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.±% p.a.
195019,630—    
196347,319+7.00%
197367,089+3.55%
198482,370+1.88%
2000122,187+2.50%
2011134,534+0.88%
2022156,917+1.41%
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos[12]
Centro Centroamericano de Población[13]

Pérez Zeledón had an estimated population of 156,917 people in 2022,[14] up from the 134,534 inhabitants it had at the time of the 2011 census.[15]

According to a publication by the United Nations Development Programme, Pérez Zeledón had a Human Development Index of 0.746.[16]

Economy

[edit]
Chirripó National Park 3820 meters above sea level
Picture of Cerro Chirripó

The canton of Pérez Zeledón's economic development has been characterized mainly through agriculture, livestock, trade, industry, and tourism. One factor that has driven this economic development is the canton's unique geographic positioning, which makes it a sort of 'bridge' between Costa Rica's capital (San José) and the southern areas of the country, especially those that border [[[Panama|Panamá]].

Important agricultural activities:

The first two products are the most important in the region.

Livestock activities are also economically relevant, with pigs and cattle being the most important. The latter is used for fattening and dairy.

Commercial activities have boomed in recent decades, mainly due to the establishment of credit unions, banks, local companies, media, and various other companies of the Central Valley (San José) setting up operations in the canton.

Tourism

[edit]

The area's main attraction is its ecological diversity. Tourist sites in the area include the Chirripó National Park, one of the highest peaks in Central America and the Caribbean, at 3,820 meters above sea level.

Among other attractions are the journeys along the rapids.

Another prominent park in the area is the Parque Internacional La Amistad, literally 'The Friendship International Park'.

Education

[edit]
12 de Marzo School, San Isidro de El General, Pérez Zeledón

The first elementary school in Pérez Zeledón was established during Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra's government (1902-1906). It was called Escuela Mixta de Ureña. It was in the Ureña district, south of San Isidro de El General's central park. After the Costa Rican Civil War, the school was moved to a new building 100 meters past San Isidro de El General's main entrance. It currently serves under the name "Escuela 12 de Marzo", in honor of the start of the Costa Rican Civil War (which had just ended when the school was re-inaugurated at its current location).[17]

Transportation

[edit]

Road transportation

[edit]

The following road routes cover the canton:

Notable people

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also legally known as Nora Alvarado Roquett
  2. ^ Also legally known as Wilberth Ureña Bonilla

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Declara oficial para efectos administrativos, la aprobación de la División Territorial Administrativa de la República N°41548-MGP". Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica (in Spanish). 19 March 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b División Territorial Administrativa de la República de Costa Rica (PDF) (in Spanish). Editorial Digital de la Imprenta Nacional. 8 March 2017. ISBN 978-9977-58-477-5.
  3. ^ a b c Administrator. "Historia Pérez Zeledón". Mpz.go.cr. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  4. ^ "Decreto San Isidro de El General Ciudad Mártir – El Espíritu del 48". Elespiritudel48.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  5. ^ "Comunicado del Cuartel General del ELN – El Espíritu del 48". Elespiritudel48.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  6. ^ Instituto Geográfico Nacional de Costa Rica (20 June 2024). "División Territorial Administrativa, 2024 – Totales de Provincias, Cantones y Distritos de Costa Rica" [Administrative Territorial Division, 2024 – Totals of Provinces, Cantons and Districts of Costa Rica] (PDF) (in Spanish).
  7. ^ a b Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica (13 May 2024). "Código Municipal" [Municipal Code]. Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica (in Spanish).
  8. ^ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (21 February 2024). "N.° 1658-E11-2024 - Declaratoria de elección de alcaldías y vicealcaldías de las municipalidades de los cantones de la provincia de San José, para el período comprendido entre el primero de mayo de dos mil veinticuatro y el treinta de abril de dos mil veintiocho" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  9. ^ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. "Resoluciones declaratorias de elección". Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  10. ^ Municipalidad de Pérez Zeledón (18 June 2024). "Sesión Ordinaria 008-2024 Acta N° 008" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  11. ^ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (12 February 2024). "N.° 2218-E11-2024 - Declaratoria de elección de regidurías de las municipalidades de los cantones de la provincia de San José, para el período comprendido entre el primero de mayo de dos mil veinticuatro y el treinta de abril de dos mil veintiocho" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos" (in Spanish).
  13. ^ Centro Centroamericano de Población de la Universidad de Costa Rica. "Sistema de Consulta a Bases de Datos Estadísticas" (in Spanish).
  14. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (July 2023). Estimación de Población y Vivienda 2022 : Resultados Generales [2022 Population and Housing Estimate : General Results] (PDF) (in Spanish). ISBN 9789930525753. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  15. ^ "Censo. 2011. Población total por zona y sexo, según provincia, cantón y distrito". Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  16. ^ Sistema Nacional de Información y Registro Único de Beneficiarios del Estado; Escuela de Estadística de la Universidad de Costa Rica; Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (9 June 2023). "Atlas de Desarrollo Humano Cantonal en Costa Rica, 2022". Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Escuela 12 de Marzo de 1948 - Circuito 01 Pérez Zeledón". Circuito01pz.com. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
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