PPAN

PPAN
Identifiers
Aliases	PPAN, BXDC3, SSF, SSF-1, SSF1, SSF2, peter pan homolog (Drosophila), peter pan homolog
External IDs	OMIM: 607793; MGI: 2178445; HomoloGene: 5690; GeneCards: PPAN; OMA:PPAN - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	10,112,012 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	20,803,474 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sural nerve; ; granulocyte; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; gonad; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; parotid gland; ; skin of leg; ; skin of abdomen; ; left uterine tube; ; apex of heart;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; epiblast; ; bone marrow; ; embryo; ; zygote; ; embryo; ; secondary oocyte; ; primary oocyte; ; placenta; ; pancreas;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	rRNA binding; RNA binding;
Cellular component	nucleolus; preribosome, large subunit precursor; nucleus;
Biological process	ribosomal large subunit assembly;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	56342
	235036
	ENSG00000130810
	ENSMUSG00000004100
	Q9NQ55
	Q91YU8
	NM_001346139; NM_001346141; NM_020230
	NM_145610
	NP_001035754; NP_001185619
	NP_663585
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Suppressor of SWI4 1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPAN gene.^[5]^[6]

The protein encoded by this gene is an evolutionarily conserved protein similar to yeast SSF1 as well as to the gene product of the Drosophila gene peter pan (PPAN). SSF1 is known to be involved in the second step of mRNA splicing. Both SSF1 and PPAN are essential for cell growth and proliferation. This gene was found to cotranscript with P2RY11/P2Y(11), an immediate downstream gene on the chromosome that encodes an ATP receptor. The chimeric transcripts of this gene and P2RY11 were found to be ubiquitously present and regulated during granulocytic differentiation. Exogenous expression of this gene was reported to reduce the anchorage-independent growth of some tumor cells.^[6]

Although being involved in ribosome biogenesis, human PPAN is not merely localized in nucleoli, but also in mitochondria. Depletion of PPAN provokes apoptosis as observed by increased amounts of p53 and its target gene p21, BAX-driven depolarisation of mitochondria, cytochrome c release as well as caspase-dependent cleavage of PARP.^[7] Recent studies revealed that PPAN participates in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, presumably via modulation of autophagy.^[8] Furthermore, PPAN is required for proper cycling of cells since down regulation of PPAN in cancer cells results in a p53-independent cell cycle arrest.^[9]

One of the introns of PPAN encodes the Small nucleolar RNA SNORD105.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130810 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004100 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Welch PJ, Marcusson EG, Li QX, et al. (June 2000). "Identification and validation of a gene involved in anchorage-independent cell growth control using a library of randomized hairpin ribozymes". Genomics. 66 (3): 274–83. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6230. PMID 10873382.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PPAN peter pan homolog (Drosophila)".
^ Pfister AS, Keil M, Kühl M (April 2015). "The Wnt Target Protein Peter Pan Defines a Novel p53-independent Nucleolar Stress-Response Pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (17): 10905–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.634246. PMC 4409253. PMID 25759387.
^ Dannheisig DP, Beck E, Calzia E, et al. (2019). "Loss of Peter Pan (PPAN) Affects Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Autophagic Flux". Cells. 8 (8): 894. doi:10.3390/cells8080894. PMC 6721654. PMID 31416196.
^ Keil M, Meyer MT, Dannheisig DP, et al. (May 2019). "Loss of Peter Pan protein is associated with cell cycle defects and apoptotic events". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1866 (5): 882–895. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.010. PMID 30716409.
^ Vitali P, Royo H, Seitz H, et al. (November 2003). "Identification of 13 novel human modification guide RNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 31 (22): 6543–51. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg849. PMC 275545. PMID 14602913.

Communi D, Govaerts C, Parmentier M, et al. (December 1997). "Cloning of a human purinergic P2Y receptor coupled to phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (51): 31969–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.31969. PMID 9405388.
Migeon JC, Garfinkel MS, Edgar BA (June 1999). "Cloning and characterization of peter pan, a novel Drosophila gene required for larval growth". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (6): 1733–44. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.6.1733. PMC 25365. PMID 10359593.
Suarez-Huerta N, Boeynaems JM, Communi D (August 2000). "Cloning, genomic organization, and tissue distribution of human Ssf-1". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 275 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3259. PMID 10944437.
Communi D, Suarez-Huerta N, Dussossoy D, et al. (May 2001). "Cotranscription and intergenic splicing of human P2Y11 and SSF1 genes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (19): 16561–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009609200. PMID 11278528.
Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, et al. (January 2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Current Biology. 12 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2002CBio...12....1A. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298. S2CID 14132033.
Duhant X, Schandené L, Bruyns C, et al. (July 2002). "Extracellular adenine nucleotides inhibit the activation of human CD4+ T lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 169 (1): 15–21. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.15. PMID 12077223.
Scherl A, Couté Y, Déon C, et al. (November 2002). "Functional proteomic analysis of human nucleolus". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 13 (11): 4100–9. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-05-0271. PMC 133617. PMID 12429849.
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (August 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (33): 12130–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.
Nousiainen M, Silljé HH, Sauer G, et al. (April 2006). "Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (14): 5391–6. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.5391N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507066103. PMC 1459365. PMID 16565220.
Beausoleil SA, Villén J, Gerber SA, et al. (October 2006). "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization". Nature Biotechnology. 24 (10): 1285–92. doi:10.1038/nbt1240. PMID 16964243. S2CID 14294292.
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. (November 2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573.
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, et al. (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130810 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004100 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10873382-5] Welch PJ, Marcusson EG, Li QX, et al. (June 2000). "Identification and validation of a gene involved in anchorage-independent cell growth control using a library of randomized hairpin ribozymes". Genomics. 66 (3): 274–83. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6230. PMID 10873382.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: PPAN peter pan homolog (Drosophila)".

[pmid25759387-7] Pfister AS, Keil M, Kühl M (April 2015). "The Wnt Target Protein Peter Pan Defines a Novel p53-independent Nucleolar Stress-Response Pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (17): 10905–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.634246. PMC 4409253. PMID 25759387.

[8] Dannheisig DP, Beck E, Calzia E, et al. (2019). "Loss of Peter Pan (PPAN) Affects Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Autophagic Flux". Cells. 8 (8): 894. doi:10.3390/cells8080894. PMC 6721654. PMID 31416196.

[pmid30716409-9] Keil M, Meyer MT, Dannheisig DP, et al. (May 2019). "Loss of Peter Pan protein is associated with cell cycle defects and apoptotic events". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1866 (5): 882–895. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.010. PMID 30716409.

[10] Vitali P, Royo H, Seitz H, et al. (November 2003). "Identification of 13 novel human modification guide RNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 31 (22): 6543–51. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg849. PMC 275545. PMID 14602913.

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PPAN

References

Further reading