Pact for Italy

Pact for Italy

Patto per l'Italia
Pact for Italy Patto per l'Italia
Leader	Mariotto Segni; Mino Martinazzoli
Founded	January 1994
Dissolved	March 1995
Ideology	Liberalism; Christian democracy
Political position	Centre
	Politics of Italy; Political parties; Elections;

The Pact for Italy (Italian: Patto per l'Italia) was a centrist political and electoral alliance in Italy launched by Mario Segni and Mino Martinazzoli in 1994.^[1]^[2]

History

The alliance was composed of the Italian People's Party (PPI), the main successor party to Christian Democracy, the Segni Pact,^[3] the Liberal Democratic Union of Valerio Zanone and remnants of the Italian Republican Party (PRI), alongside a certain number of independent politicians coming from the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party.^[4]

Originally Lega Nord was to also join the alliance, but Lega Nord leader Umberto Bossi decided to join Silvio Berlusconi's Pole of Freedoms instead.^[5]^[6]

The alliance finished third place in the 1994 general election, behind the centre-right Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government and the left-wing Alliance of Progressives. The alliance returned 33 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.^[7]

After the election, the alliance was disbanded. The PPI suffered a split of those who wanted to join Berlusconi's centre-right coalition (breaking from the PPI and forming the United Christian Democrats of Rocco Buttiglione) and those who wanted to ally with the left-wing Democratic Party of the Left (PDS).^[8] The remaining PPI joined the PDS in the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree led by Romano Prodi.^[8] Segni Pact become a minor force and formed the Pact of Democrats joint electoral list with Italian Renewal and the Italian Socialists for the 1996 general election in support of The Olive Tree.^[9] The Italian Republican Party and the Liberal Democratic Union joined the list Populars for Prodi, also in support for The Olive Tree.^[10]

Composition

It was composed of the following political parties:

	Ideology	Leader
Italian People's Party (PPI)	Christian democracy	Mino Martinazzoli
Segni Pact (PS)	Centrism	Mariotto Segni
Italian Republican Party (PRI)	Liberalism	Giorgio La Malfa
Liberal Democratic Union (ULD)	Liberalism	Valerio Zanone

The Pact was also joined by a number of former members of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), now running as independents, such as Giuliano Amato^[11] and Giulio Tremonti.^[12]

Electoral results

Election	Leader	Chamber of Deputies				Senate of the Republic
Election	Leader	Votes	%	Seats	Position	Votes	%	Seats	Position
1994	Mario Segni	6,019,038	15.63	4 / 630	3rd	5,519,090	16.69	31 / 315	3rd

References

^ David Broughton (1999). Changing Party Systems in Western Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-85567-328-1. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
^ Leonardo Morlino (1995). "Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe". In Richard Gunther; Nikiforos P. Diamandouros; Hans-Jürgen Puhle (eds.). The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. JHU Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-8018-4982-4.
^ Guido Ortona; Stefania Ottone; Ferruccio Ponzano (2007). "A simulative assessment of the Italian electoral system". In Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti (eds.). Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective: A Public Choice Perspective. Springer. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-387-72141-5.
^ Stephen P. Koff (2000). Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-134-64369-1.
^ Galli, Giorgio (2001). I partiti politici italiani. Milan: BUR. pp. 394–395.
^ Signore, Adalberto; Trocino, Alessandro (2008). Razza padana. Milan: BUR. pp. 79–82.
^ Aldo di Virgilio; Steven R. Reed (2011). "Nominating Candidates Under New Rules in Italy and Japan: You Cannot Bargain with Resources You Do Not Have". In Daniela Giannetti; Bernard Grofman (eds.). A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4419-7228-6.
^ ^a ^b Gino Moliterno, ed. (2000). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 852. ISBN 978-1-134-75877-7.
^ André Krouwel (2012). Party Transformations in European Democracies. SUNY Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-4384-4481-9.
^ Bull, Martin; Rhodes, Martin (1997). Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics. Routledge. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-1-135-22274-1.
^ "In cinque punti il programma del Patto per l'Italia". Corriere della Sera. 13 February 1994.
^ "Tremonti e Martino: amici ma avversari". Corriere della Sera. 26 March 1994.

[Broughton1999-1] David Broughton (1999). Changing Party Systems in Western Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-85567-328-1. Retrieved 20 August 2012.

[Morlino1995-2] Leonardo Morlino (1995). "Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe". In Richard Gunther; Nikiforos P. Diamandouros; Hans-Jürgen Puhle (eds.). The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. JHU Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-8018-4982-4.

[Ortona_Ortona_2007-3] Guido Ortona; Stefania Ottone; Ferruccio Ponzano (2007). "A simulative assessment of the Italian electoral system". In Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti (eds.). Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective: A Public Choice Perspective. Springer. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-387-72141-5.

[Koff2000-4] Stephen P. Koff (2000). Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-134-64369-1.

[5] Galli, Giorgio (2001). I partiti politici italiani. Milan: BUR. pp. 394–395.

[6] Signore, Adalberto; Trocino, Alessandro (2008). Razza padana. Milan: BUR. pp. 79–82.

[diVirgilioReed2011-7] Aldo di Virgilio; Steven R. Reed (2011). "Nominating Candidates Under New Rules in Italy and Japan: You Cannot Bargain with Resources You Do Not Have". In Daniela Giannetti; Bernard Grofman (eds.). A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4419-7228-6.

[Moliterno2000-8] Gino Moliterno, ed. (2000). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 852. ISBN 978-1-134-75877-7.

[Krouwel2012-9] André Krouwel (2012). Party Transformations in European Democracies. SUNY Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-4384-4481-9.

[10] Bull, Martin; Rhodes, Martin (1997). Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics. Routledge. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-1-135-22274-1.

[11] "In cinque punti il programma del Patto per l'Italia". Corriere della Sera. 13 February 1994.

[12] "Tremonti e Martino: amici ma avversari". Corriere della Sera. 26 March 1994.

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v t e Historical political parties in Italy
Communist	Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984) Italian Communist Party (1921–1991) Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991) Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
Democratic socialist	Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893) Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892) Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972) Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998) Democratic Left (2007–2010) Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)
Green	Rainbow Greens (1989–1990) Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990) Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
Social-democratic and liberal-socialist	Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926) Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930) Action Party (1929–1947) Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948) Union of Socialists (1948–1949) Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951) Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969) Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998) Labour Federation (1994–1998) Democrats of the Left (1998–2007) Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) Article One (2017–2023)
Radical and social-liberal	Action Party (1853–1867) Italian Radical Party (1904–1922) Democratic Party (1913–1919) Social Democracy (1922–1926) Republican Democratic Concentration (1946) Radical Party (1955–1989) Democratic Alliance (1993–1997) The Network (1991–1999)
Centrist and centrist liberal	Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919) Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926) Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999) Union for the Republic Italian Renewal (1996–2002) The Democrats (1999–2002) Segni Pact (1993–2003) Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007) Civic Choice (2013–2019) Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
Regionalist and federalist	Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951) Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996) Federalist Italian League (1995–1996) Great South (2011–2013)
Christian-democratic	Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919) Conservative Catholics (1913–1919) Italian People's Party (1919–1926) Christian Democracy (1943–1994) Italian People's Party (1994–2002) Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998) Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002) United Christian Democrats (1995–2002) European Democracy (2001–2002) Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009) Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
Conservative-liberal	Liberal Union (1913–1922) Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994) National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954) Union of the Centre
Liberal-conservative	Economic Party (1919–1924) Forza Italia (1994–2009) The People of Freedom (2009–2013) Future and Freedom (2010–2014) New Centre-Right (2013–2017) Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017) Direction Italy (2017–2019) Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
National-conservative	Common Man's Front (1946–1949) Monarchist National Party (1946–1959) People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959) Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972) National Democracy (1977–1979) National Alliance (1995–2009)
Nationalist	Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) Combatants' Party (1919–1923) National Fascist Party (1921–1943) Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945) Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
List of political parties in Italy 19th-century Italian political groups Early 20th-century Italian political parties 1950s–1990s Italian political parties Current Italian political parties

Pact for Italy Patto per l'Italia

Leader	Mariotto Segni Mino Martinazzoli
Founded	January 1994
Dissolved	March 1995
Ideology	Liberalism Christian democracy
Political position	Centre
Politics of Italy Political parties Elections