Piracicaba

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Piracicaba
Municipality
The Piracicaba River flowing through the city’s urban area.
Flag Coat of arms
Motto(s):  Audax in intellectu et in labore (Latin) Audacious in intelligence and at work
Location in São Paulo state
Piracicaba Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 22°43′31″S 47°38′57″W / 22.72528°S 47.64917°W / -22.72528; -47.64917
Country	Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	São Paulo
Government
• Mayor	Luciano Almeida (DEM)
Area
• Total	1,378.07 km2 (532.08 sq mi)
Elevation	547 m (1,795 ft)
Population  (2022 [1])
• Total	423,323
• Density	307.2/km2 (796/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-03:00 (BRT)
Postal code	13400-000
Website	www.piracicaba.sp.gov.br

Piracicaba (Portuguese pronunciation: [piɾɐsiˈkabɐ] or [piˌɾasiˈkabɐ]) is a city located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The population is 423,323 (2022) in an area of 1,378.07 km².^[2] It is at an elevation of 547 m above sea level.

The place name comes from a word in the Tupi language that means "place where the fish stops", and it is formed by the junction of the terms pirá ("fish"), syk ("stop") and aba ("place").^[3] The name refers to the waterfalls of the Piracicaba River, which bisects the city, which is a point where the "piracema"—fish swimming upstream to reproduce— are stopped.^[4]

This section needs expansion with: sourced details regarding the history between 1877 and 1944, and from 1944 to present. You can help by adding to it. (March 2016)

In 1766, Antonio Correa Barbosa, charged with the task of establishing a settlement on the estuary of Piracicaba river, opted for a location about 90 kilometres (56 mi) from it.^[5] The settlement was officially founded on August 1, 1767, as a povoação subordinated to the vila of Itu.^[6] In 1784, Piracicaba got emancipated from Itu, becoming a freguesia.^[6]

In 1821, the freguesia was promoted to vila, known as Vila Nova da Constituição. In 1856, Vila Nova da Constituição was promoted to city status and in 1877 it was officially named "Piracicaba", following a law by the then councilman and future Brazilian president Prudente de Morais.^[6]

In 1944, the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Piracicaba.^[7]

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Piracicaba is home to the oldest agricultural university in Brazil, the Luiz de Queiroz School of Agriculture of the University of São Paulo.^[8] Founded in 1901, the school is located on a farm with a large collection of trees and plants.^{[citation needed]} It is also recognized as a leader in the field of precision agriculture.^{[citation needed]} Other universities based in Piracicaba are the Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)^[9] and the University of Campinas' School of Dentistry.^[10]

Piracicaba is known by the nickname "Noiva da Colina",^[11] meaning "Bride of the Hill", and is the annual host to the "Festa das Nações" (Nations' Party, where people may find foods from all over the world),^[12] and to the "Salão Internacional do Humor" (International Humor Exhibition), where cartoonists from around the world display comic drawings.^[13][14]

Piracicaba is famous for its sugarcane plantations,^[15] traditional cachaça production,^[16] and traditional music.^[17]

The city is an important and traditional producer of sugarcane.^[18] The harvest of sugarcane allows for the production of many derivates, including sugar, oil, and ethanol.^[19] Copersucar, a large company that has a center of research on genetic improvement of sugarcane, participates in this growing industry.^[20][21]

Another characteristic economic feature is the presence of large industries, the main ones being Caterpillar,^[22] ArcelorMittal,^[23] Raizen and Hyundai.^[24]

Piracicaba's altitude is 554 meters.^[25] Temperatures through the year vary from average highs of 30 °C to average lows of 12.0 °C,^[26] and Piracicaba experiences an average annual rainfall of 123 centimeters.^[27] The area of the city is 1,378 square kilometers, making it the 13th largest city in the State of São Paulo.^[28] The urban area of Piracicaba is 233.36 square kilometers.^[29]

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The population in 2019 was 423.323. The Human Development Index for the city was 0.710 in 2000, and 0.785 in 2010, both falling in the "high" category.^[30]

Like the cultural variety in Piracicaba, there are several religious manifestations in the city. It is possible to find in the city dozens of different Protestant denominations, as well as the practice of Buddhism, Islamism, Spiritism, and others. In the last decades, Buddhism and Eastern religions have grown in the city. There also are the Jewish, Mormon and Afro-Brazilian religions. According to data from the 2019 Census conducted by the IBGE, the population of Piracicaba was composed that year by Catholics (59.78%), Evangelicals (27.42%), no religious affiliation (7.47%), Spiritist (2.9%) and Jehovah's Witnesses (0.95%). The remaining 2.09% of the resident population declared themselves of other denominations or of undetermined religion.

Source: IBGE - Census 2019

The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Piracicaba.^{[citation needed]}

The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country),^[31][32] Christian Congregation in Brazil,^[33] among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

The city has several sports clubs, including Esporte Clube XV de Novembro, founded on November 15, 1913, which is the city's main club. In the 1960s, when its president was the folkloric Romeu Italo Ripoli, it played international matches in Europe and Asia.

Within Brazil, XV de Piracicaba played mainly in the divisions of the Campeonato Paulista de Futebol and the Campeonato Brasileiro, winning the 1995 Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol - Série C and, more recently, the 2011 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol - Série A2. In the main divisions, its greatest achievement to date was the runner-up position in the 1st Division of São Paulo in 1976, also under Ripoli's command.^[34]

Other clubs that achieved prominence, at least regionally or even statewide, were Clube Atlético Piracicabano and MAF Futebol Clube. The main football stadiums are the Doutor Kok Stadium, with a capacity for 1,500 people, and the Barão de Serra Negra Stadium, with a capacity for more than 25,000 people.

As of 2010, water and power are supplied at a level approaching 100% of the households.^[35] As of 2019 there were 2.15 inhabitants per car in the city,^[36] and, in 2022, roughly 0.72 inhabitants per mobile phone line, with 99% of the city's population calculated as having access to a mobile phone.^[37]

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo.^[38] In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).^[39]

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