Rappaport is an Ashkenazi surname, with the individuals bearing it being descendants of the Rabbinic Kohenic Rappaport family. Variants of the name include Rapaport, Rapa Porto, Rappeport, Rappoport and Rapoport.
- Alfred Rappaport (diplomat) (1868–1946), Austrian diplomat and writer
- Alfred Rappaport (economist) (b. 1932), American economist
- Andrew S. Rappaport (b. 1957), American Silicon Valley venture capitalist
- Assaf Rappaport, Israeli billionaire entrepreneur
- Ben Rappaport (b. 1986), American television actor
- Bruce Rappaport (1922–2010), Israeli international banker and financier
- Daniel Rappaport (b. 1970), American film producer
- David Rappaport (1951–1990), English actor
- David Rappaport (designer) (1914–2010), American fashion manufacturer, designer, artist
- Edward Rappaport (b. ca. 1957), acting director of the U.S. National Hurricane Center
- Emil Stanisław Rappaport (1877–1965), Polish judge
- Herbert Rappaport (1908–1983), Austrian-born screenwriter and film director (known as Gerbert Rappaport in USSR)
- Helen Rappaport (b. 1947), English actress, author, historian
- Jerome Lyle Rappaport (1927–2021), American attorney and civic figure in Massachusetts
- Jill Rappaport (b. 1964), American author, journalist, television personality
- Jim Rappaport (b. 1956), American real estate developer in Massachusetts
- Kurt Rappaport (b. c. 1958), American real estate developer
- Mark Rappaport (b. c. 1942), American film director
- Mark Rappaport (creature effects artist) (b. 1954), American special-effects specialist
- Mat Rappaport (b. 1971), American artist, curator, educator
- Ray Rappaport (1922–2010), American scientist in cell biology
- Roy Rappaport (1926–1997), American anthropologist
- Ruth Rappaport (1923–2010), German-born American librarian
- Samuel Rappaport (1932–2016), American politician in Pennsylvania
- Saul Rappaport (b. c. 1940), American physicist
- Sheeri Rappaport (b. 1977), American television actress
- S. An-sky, Yiddish writer (born Solomon Zangwill Rappaport)
- Summer Rappaport (b. 1991), American triathlete
- Theodore Rappaport (b. 1960), American electrical engineer
- Uriel Rappaport (1935–2019), Israeli historian
- Alexandra Rapaport (b. 1971), Swedish film and stage actress
- Amir Rapaport (b. 1970), Israeli journalist, media personality
- David Rapaport (psychologist) (1911–1960), Hungarian-born American psychologist
- Eldar Rapaport (b. c. 1970), Israeli film director
- Martin Rapaport (b. 1952), Belgian-American diamond dealer
- Matilda Rapaport (1986-2016), Swedish skier
- Michael Rapaport (b. 1970), American actor, media personality
- Rosemary Rapaport (1918–2011), English musical educator
- Rudolf Ray Rapaport (1891–1984), Latvian-born artist
- William J. Rapaport (b. c. 1945), American educator
- Aaron Rapoport (b. 1954), American photographer
- Abraham Rapoport (Schrenzel) (1584–1651), Polish Talmudic scholar
- Adam Rapoport (b. 1969), former editor-in-chief of Bon Appétit magazine
- Alek Rapoport (1933–1997), Ukrainian-born U.S. artist
- Amnon Rapoport (1936-2022) Israel-born professor of quantitative psychology and interactive decision-making behavior
- Amos Rapoport (b. 1929), Polish-born professor of architecture
- Anatol Rapoport (1911–2007), Russian-born U.S. mathematical psychologist and game theorist
- Bernard Rapoport (1917–2012), American businessman, entrepreneur, philanthropist
- Chaim Rapoport (b. 1963), British rabbi, author, educator
- Dan Rapoport (b. ca. 1964), Latvian-born American international financier and philanthropist
- David C. Rapoport (b. 1929), American political scientist, specializing in terrorism
- Eda Rapoport (1890–1968), Latvian-born American composer, musical conducator, pianist
- Eduardo H. Rapoport (1927–2017), Argentinian ecologist
- Henry Rapoport (1918–2002), American chemist
- I. C. Rapoport (b. 1937), American photojournalist and screenwriter
- Ian Rapoport (b. 1980), U.S. sports journalist, media personality
- Ingeborg Rapoport (1912–2017), Cameroon-born German pediatrician and neonatologist
- Isaac ha-Kohen Rapoport, 18th century rabbi
- Leo Port (Rapoport; changed on arrival to Australia) (1922–1978), Polish-born Lord Mayor of Sydney 1975–1978
- Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (1920–2000), Russian nuclear physicist
- Louis Rapoport (1942–1991), U.S.-born Israeli newspaper editor
- Michael Rapoport (b. 1948), German mathematician
- Miles S. Rapoport (b. 1949), American politician and nonprofit executive
- Nathan Rapoport (1911–1987), Polish-born sculptor
- Paul Rapoport (1940–1987), American attorney, gay-rights advocate
- Paul Rapoport (music researcher) (b. 1948), Canadian musicologist, music critic, composer and professor at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario
- Rhona Rapoport (1927–2011), South African social scientist
- Samuel Mitja Rapoport (1912–2004), Russian-born German physician, biochemist, and communist
- Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (1786–1867), Galician Jewish rabbi and scholar
- Sonya Rapoport (1923–2015), American artist, computer-artistry pioneer
- Tom Rapoport (b. 1947), German-born U.S. cell biologist at Harvard Medical School
- Vladimir Rapoport (1907–1975), Soviet cinematographer