Republic of Fiji Military Forces

Republic of Fiji Military Forces
Cap Badge of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces
Founded	1940
Current form	2013
Service branches	Fiji Infantry Regiment Fiji Navy
Headquarters	Suva
Website	rfmf.mil.fj
Leadership
Commander-in-chief	Wiliame Katonivere
Prime Minister	Sitiveni Rabuka
Minister for Home Affairs and Immigration	Pio Tikoduadua
Commander RFMF	Major General Jone Kalouniwai
Personnel
Conscription	No
Available for military service	215,104 males, age 18–49 (2021 est.), 212,739 females, age 18–49 (2021 est.)
Fit for military service	163,960 males, age 18–49 (2021 est.), 178,714 females, age 18–49 (2021 est.)
Reaching military age annually	9,266 males (2021 est.), 8,916 females (2021 est.)
Active personnel	6,500[1]
Reserve personnel	Approx 6,200
Deployed personnel	541[1]
Expenditure
Budget	US $50.1 million (2022)[1]
Percent of GDP	1.23%
Related articles
Ranks	Military ranks of Fiji

The Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF, formerly the Royal Fiji Military Forces^[2]) is the military force of the Pacific island nation of Fiji. With a total manpower of about 6,500 active soldiers and approximately 6,200 reservists, it is one of the smallest militaries in the world and the third largest in the South Pacific region. The Ground Force is organised into six infantry and one engineer battalions.

The first two regular battalions of the Fiji Infantry Regiment are traditionally stationed overseas on peacekeeping duties; the 1st Battalion has been posted to Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, and East Timor under the command of the UN, while the 2nd Battalion is stationed in Sinai with the MFO. Peacekeepers income represents an important source of income for Fiji. The 3rd Battalion is stationed in the capital, Suva, and the remaining three are spread throughout the islands.

• Commander-in-Chief – The President of the Republic is ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Military Forces.
• Commander RFMF – The Commander RFMF is of two-star rank. He is assisted by the Deputy Commander and the Chief of Staff, who are responsible for Strategic Command and Land Force Command. The current Commander is Major General Jone Kalouniwai who was preceded by Rear Admiral Viliame Naupoto who was appointed following the resignation of Brigadier Mosese Tikoitoga on 2 August 2015.^[3][4] Tikoitoga succeeded the previous Commander and former Head of Government Commodore Voreqe (Frank) Bainimarama after fifteen years of service as Commander and a total of thirty-nine years of active military service.^[5]
  • Strategic Command – Strategic Command is responsible for all of the long term and strategic concerns of the RFMF, including welfare, legal issues, sustainability issues etc.
  • Land Force Command – Land Force Command is the operational organisation of the RFMF, and is responsible for all of the main units:
    • HQ Land Force Commander Lieutenant Colonel Jone Kalouniwai^[6]
    • Naval Unit
    • Fiji Infantry Regiment
      • Regular Force
        • 1st Battalion
        • 2nd Battalion
        • 3rd Battalion
      • Territorial Force
        • 4th Battalion
        • 5th Battalion
        • 7th/8th Battalion
    • Fiji Engineer Regiment
    • Logistic Support Unit
    • Force Training Group
    • Presidential Palace Guards
    • Fiji Military Forces Band

• M45A1
• Uzi
• AK-101^[7]
• RPK-201^[7]
• M4 carbine standard issue^[8]
• PKM^[7]
• RPG-7W^[7]
• RPO-A^[7]
• M16A2 rifle
• Daewoo K2 rifle^[9]
• CAR-15 carbine
• Pindad SPR-2^[10]
• 6 x 105 mm KH178 howitzer^[11]
• 12 x mortar F2 (L16) 81 mm^[12][13]
• Daewoo K3 light machine gun
• M60 Machine Gun
• Bush Master LAH – * Mobile Mechanical Workshop – on Ural-4320 chassis^[14]
• 24 x refurbished Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle^[15][16][17]

The Fiji Infantry Regiment is the main combat element of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces. The regiment was formed with the foundation of the Fijian armed forces in 1920. The regiment, as it is today, goes back to 1978 following Fiji's independence.

The Republic of Fiji Navy was formed in 1975, following the government's ratification of the United Nations Law of the Sea convention. The Navy is responsible for maritime needs in border control, such as watching over Fiji's exclusive economic zone and organising task and rescue missions. It currently operates 9 patrol boats. Military aid is received from Australia, the People's Republic of China, and the United Kingdom (although the latter has suspended aid as a result of the 2006 military coup against the civilian government).

Speaking at 30th anniversary celebrations on 26 July 2006, Commander Bradley Bower said that the greatest challenge facing the navy of a maritime country like Fiji was to maintain sovereignty and the maritime environment, to acquire, restore, and replace equipment, and to train officers to keep pace with changing situations.

In January 2019 five of Fiji's naval vessels were operational.^[18] In 2020 Australia will provide two new Guardian-class patrol vessels to replace the three vessels it provided over thirty years ago In December 2019 Fiji took delivery of RFNS Volasiga, boosting the number of operational vessels to six.^[19] The Guardian-class patrol boat RFNS Savenaca was officially handed over to Fijian officials, in Henderson, Australia, on 6 March 2020.^[20][21][22]

Northern Air operates search and rescue flights for the Navy. ^[23]

3 x Pacific-class patrol boat (Australia, displacement 162 t, length 31.5 metres (103 ft 4 in), width 8.1 metres (26 ft 7 in) draught 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in), power 2 x 1,050 kilowatts (1,410 shp), maximal speed 20 knots (37 km/h), crew 17-man, armament machine guns 1 x 12.7 mm). These boats replaced discharged Redwing-class minesweepers FNS Kula, Kikau and Kiro, gained 1975 – 1976 from the United States Navy.

• RFNS Kula (201) (May 1994)
• RFNS Kikau (202) (May 1995)
• RFNS Kiro (203) (October 1995)

2 patrol boat (US, displacement 97 t, crew 11-man, armament machine guns 1 x 12.7 mm)

• RFNS Levouka (101) (1987)
• RFNS Lautoka (102) (1987)

4 Dabur-class patrol boat (Israel, displacement 39 t, crew 9-man, armament 2 x cannon 20 mm, 2 x machine guns 7.62 mm)

• RFNS Vai (301) (1991)
• RFNS Ogo (302) (1991)
• RFNS Saku (303) (1991)
• RFNS Saqa (304) (1991)

2 Oceanic survey vessels

• RFNS Volasiga
• RFNS Kacau

Rank designation based on the British tradition.^[24][25]

The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army and navy respectively. They are based on the rank structure of Royal Navy and British Army.

Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers
Fiji Infantry Regiment v t e
							Major general		Brigadier		Colonel		Lieutenant colonel		Major		Captain		Lieutenant			Second lieutenant
Republic of Fiji Navy v t e
							Rear admiral		Commodore		Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander		Lieutenant		Sub-Lieutenant			Ensign
Rank group	General / flag officers										Senior officers						Junior officers

The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army and navy respectively. They are based on the ranks of the Royal Navy and British Army.

Rank group	Senior NCOs																						Junior NCOs						Enlisted
Fiji Infantry Regiment v t e																													No insignia
	Warrant officer class 1						Warrant officer class 2		Staff sergeant		Sergeant												Corporal				Lance corporal		Private (or equivalent)
Republic of Fiji Navy v t e																																			No insignia
	Warrant officer class 1						Warrant officer class 2		Chief petty officer		Petty officer												Leading seaman												Ordinary seaman
Rank group	Senior NCOs																						Junior NCOs						Enlisted

Fiji's military has a history of political intervention.^[26] In 1987, soldiers were responsible for two military coups, and in 2000, the military organised a countercoup to quash George Speight's civilian coup. Since 2000, the military has had a sometimes tense relationship with the Qarase government, and has strongly opposed its plans to establish a Commission with the power to compensate victims and pardon perpetrators of the coup. Among other objections, the military claims that its integrity and discipline would be undermined if soldiers who mutinied in the 2000 upheaval were to be pardoned.

On 4 August 2005, Opposition Leader Mahendra Chaudhry called for more Indo-Fijians, who presently comprise less than one percent of the military personnel, to be recruited. (Specifically, as of October 2007, Fiji's military had 3527 full-time members, of whom only 15 were Indo-Fijians.^[27]) This would help guarantee political stability, he considered. He also spoke against government plans to downsize the military. Military spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Orisi Rabukawaqa responded the next day by saying that the military was not an ethnic Fijian body, that it stood to serve the entire nation, and that there was no colour bar in its recruitment or promotion. He said that many Indo-Fijians had been reluctant to commit themselves to a military career because of the slow progress of promotion, often preferring to be discharged and to use their record as a stepping stone to a successful career in some other field. Nevertheless, he appreciated the Indo-Fijian contribution to the military, and noted the success of Lieutenant Colonel Mohammed Aziz, the head of the military's legal unit who was a pivotal figure in the court martial of soldiers who mutinied in 2000. Ironically the rate of promotion of indigenous Fijian officers had been very rapid after the 1987 coup, and subsequent expansion of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces.

On 26 August 2005, the government announced plans to study ways to reduce the size of the military. Military engineers would be transferred to the Regional Development Ministry, said Home Affair Minister Josefa Vosanibola, and the reduction of the military forces would coincide with an increase in the numbers of the police force.

On 26 September 2005, Rabukawaqa revealed that the military had decided to curtail certain operations to stay within its budget. The cuts would affect maritime patrols, search and rescue operations, training and exercises, School Cadet training, and the deployment of military engineers to rural areas. These cuts would be made to ensure that activities accorded a higher priority, such as peacekeeping operations in the Sinai Peninsula and Iraq, officer cadet training with the New Zealand Defence Forces, and the prosecution of soldiers charged with mutiny, would not be affected, Rabukawaqa said.

The next day, Lesi Korovavala, chief executive officer of the Ministry of Home Affairs, told the Fiji Village news service that the military had undertaken the reductions on its own initiative, in consultation with the department, an explanation corroborated by Lieutenant Colonel Rabukawaqa.

On 5 December 2006, the Fijian army staged a third coup d'état. On 7 February 2008, the head of the RFMF and post-coup interim Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama stated: "Qarase [...] does not understand the role of the Military and as such is misinforming the nation. [...] [I]f there are practices and policies which have potential to undermine the national security and territorial integrity of Fiji, the RFMF has every right under the Constitution to intervene."^[28] In August 2009, with Bainimarama still controlling the government as prime minister and the constitution abrogated, Epeli Nailatikau, a former military commander, was appointed acting president on the retirement of Iloilo.

Fiji committed troops to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq.^[29] Australia agreed to transport those troops.^[30]

Fiji sent 54 individuals to Australia, to help fight wildfires there.^[30]

The Air Wing of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, founded in 1987, had a base at the airport in Nausori, but was abolished in 1997. Yehonatan Shimʻon Frenḳel writes that the "Air Wing was formed after the 1987 coup, when the French provided two helicopters as part of its military aid package."^[31] Frenkel goes on to say that the air wing was disbanded after both helicopters crashed and after subsequent revelations of huge debts incurred as a result of the aircraft.

The two helicopters were:

Aircraft type	Variants	Origin	Role	Service period	Notes
Eurocopter AS 365N2 Dauphin 2	AS 365N2 Dauphin	France	Transport and liaison helicopter	1989–1994	One helicopter. Matriculation marker DQ-FGD.
Aerospatiale AS 355F-2 Twin Squirrel	AS 355F-2 Twin Squirrel	France	Transport and liaison helicopter	1991–1997	One helicopter. Matriculation marker DQ-FGH.

Helicopter AS-365 N2 Dauphin crashed off the coast of the main island in July 1994; a smaller AS-355F-2 continued in service until mid-1997 and in 1999 was sold to France.

The Air Wing did not have its own roundel or ensign and its only marking was the national flag used as a fin flash.^[32]

• Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Suva
• Walu Bay Naval Base – Located at Narain Jetty in Suva Bay and to be relocated outside of Suva^[33]

• Military–church relations in Fiji

• Central Intelligence Agency (6 September 2007). "The World Fact Book – Fiji". Retrieved 20 September 2007.
• The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2007). The Military Balance 2007. Abingdon: Routledge Journals. ISBN 978-1-85743-437-8.
• New artillery guns to replace old weapons – Fiji Times Online (purchase of 105 mm howitzers replacing the pounders)

• Official RFMF website