Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

Restrictions on TikTok in the United States

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 22 min

TikTok has sparked concerns over potential user data collection and influence operations by the Chinese government, leading to restrictions and bans in the United States.

Federal

[edit]
Further information: TikTok § United States, and Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act
Executive Order 14034 ("EO 14034"), "Protecting Americans' Sensitive Data from Foreign Adversaries"

In January 2020, the United States Army and Navy banned TikTok on government devices after the Defense Department labeled it a security risk. Before the policy change, army recruiters had been using the platform to attract young people. Unofficial promotional videos continue to be posted on TikTok under personal accounts, drawing the ire of government officials, but they have also helped boost the number of enlistees; several accounts have millions of views and followers.[1][2][3]

First Trump administration (2017-2021)

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Donald Trump–TikTok controversy.[edit]

In 2020, the United States government announced that it was considering banning the Chinese social media platform TikTok upon a request from then-president Donald Trump, who viewed the app as a national security threat. The result was that TikTok owner ByteDance—which initially planned on selling a small portion of TikTok to an American company—agreed to divest TikTok to prevent a ban in the United States and in other countries where restrictions are also being considered due to privacy concerns, which themselves are mostly related to its ownership by a firm based in China.

TikTok later announced plans to file legal action challenging the order's transactional prohibitions with U.S. companies. The lawsuit against the Trump Administration's order was filed on August 24, 2020, with TikTok arguing that the order was motivated by Trump's efforts to boost re-election support through protectionist trade policies aimed at China. A separate suit filed the same day by TikTok's U.S. technical program manager Patrick Ryan against Trump and Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross sought a temporary restraining order, arguing that his due process rights were violated and the ban was an "unconstitutional taking" of Ryan's property under the Fifth Amendment; the suit also claimed Trump's action was likely a retaliation because of TikTok videos organizing pranks against a recent Trump campaign rally.

American technology company Microsoft had previously proposed an idea to acquire TikTok's algorithm and other artificial intelligence technology, but this was declined by ByteDance, as its executives expressed concern that it would likely be opposed by the Chinese government, which in turn had criticized the Trump Administration's order as a "smash and grab" forced sale. On September 13, 2021, ByteDance suggested that it would prefer the shuttering of U.S. operations over such a sale.

Biden administration (2021-2025)

[edit]

On June 9, 2021, the Biden Administration issued Executive Order 14034, "Protecting Americans' Sensitive Data from Foreign Adversaries" ("EO 14034").  EO 14034, overturning three Executive Orders signed by Donald Trump: Executive Order 13942, Executive Order 13943, and Executive Order 13971. Despite revoking these Executive Orders, the Biden Administration's EO 14304 has called upon other federal agencies to continue a broad review of foreign-owned applications set to continuously inform the President of the risk that the applications pose to personal data and national security.[4] The White House said that, "The Biden Administration is committed to promoting an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure Internet; protecting human rights online and offline; and supporting a vibrant, global digital economy."[5]

In December 2022, Senator Marco Rubio and representatives Mike Gallagher and Raja Krishnamoorthi introduced the Averting the National Threat of Internet Surveillance, Oppressive Censorship and Influence, and Algorithmic Learning by the Chinese Communist Party Act (ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act), which would prohibit Chinese- and Russian-owned social networks from doing business in the United States.[6][7]

On December 30, 2022, President Joe Biden signed the No TikTok on Government Devices Act, prohibiting the use of the app on devices owned by the federal government, with some exceptions.[8] Days after the Biden administration called on ByteDance, which owns TikTok, to sell the platform or face a ban, law enforcement officials disclosed that an investigation into TikTok was taking place. On March 17, 2023, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) officially launched an investigation of TikTok, including allegations that the company spied on American journalists.[9]

On January 25, 2023, Missouri Senator Josh Hawley introduced a bill to ban the platform nationwide. That bill was blocked by a forced vote in the Senate on 29 March 2023.[10]

In February and March 2023, the DATA Act and the RESTRICT Act were both introduced in the House of Representatives and Senate, respectively. The DATA Act, introduced on February 24 by Michael McCaul, aimed to ban selling non-public personal data to third-party buyers.[11] On March 7, Senator Mark Warner introduced the RESTRICT Act: if passed, it would give the Secretary of Commerce authority to review business transactions made by IT service and product vendors tied to designated "foreign adversaries" if they present an undue threat to national security, and have more than one million active users in the United States. The legislation would allow for the enforcement of orders and other mitigation measures, which could include mandatory divestment, or being prohibited from doing business in the United States.[12]

On March 13, 2024, the United States House of Representatives passed the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (H.R. 7521) with largely bipartisan support from Democrat and Republican-party representatives.[13][14] It would ban operations related to the app completely within the country unless ByteDance makes a qualified divestiture as determined by the US president.[15] After modifications, the act passed the House again[16][17] and the United States Senate[18] before it was signed into law by Joe Biden on April 24, 2024. The earliest the ban could go into effect if not sold would be January 19, 2025. An additional 90 days could be issued on the deadline.[19]

Second Trump administration (2025-2029)

[edit]

Trump campaigned on promises of not banning TikTok, despite his original opposition.[20][21] Trump's cabinet picks for the FCC, as well as most Republicans, remain in favor of banning the app.[20]

States

[edit]

Employee and university bans

[edit]

As of April 2023,[22][23] at least 34 out of 50 states have announced or enacted bans on state government agencies, employees, and contractors using TikTok on government-issued devices. State bans only affect government employees and do not prohibit civilians from having or using the app on their personal devices.

State Date Source
Alabama December 13, 2022 [24]
Alaska January 6, 2023 [25]
Arizona April 5, 2023 [26]
Arkansas January 10, 2023 [27]
Delaware January 19, 2023 [28]
Florida August 11, 2020 [29]
Georgia December 15, 2022 [30]
Idaho December 14, 2022 [31]
Indiana December 7, 2022 [32]
Iowa December 13, 2022 [33]
Kansas December 28, 2022 [34]
Kentucky January 12, 2023 [35][36]
Louisiana December 19, 2022 [37]
Maine January 19, 2023 [38]
Maryland December 6, 2022 [39]
Michigan March 1, 2023 [40]
Mississippi January 11, 2023 [41]
Montana December 16, 2022 [42]
Nebraska August 12, 2020 [43]
Nevada March 28, 2023 [44]
New Hampshire December 15, 2022 [30]
New Jersey January 9, 2023 [45]
North Carolina January 12, 2023 [46]
North Dakota December 13, 2022 [47]
Ohio January 8, 2023 [48]
Oklahoma December 8, 2022 [49]
Oregon July 24, 2023 [50][51]
South Carolina December 5, 2022 [52][53]
South Dakota November 29, 2022 [54]
Tennessee December 10, 2022 [55]
Texas December 7, 2022 [56]
Utah December 12, 2022 [57]
Vermont February 20, 2023 [58]
Virginia December 16, 2022 [59]
Wisconsin January 12, 2023 [60]
Wyoming December 15, 2022 [61]

Schools

[edit]

Some public universities have also banned TikTok on campus Wi-Fi and university-owned computers. These include, but are not limited to:

Attempted public bans

[edit]

Montana

[edit]

On April 14, 2023, Montana became the first state to pass legislation banning TikTok on all personal devices operating within state lines, and barring app stores from offering TikTok for download.[72][73][74] Governor Greg Gianforte signed the bill, Senate Bill (SB) 419, into law on May 17,[75][76] claiming he had banned TikTok "to protect Montanans’ personal and private data from the Chinese Communist Party."[77] The law was scheduled to take effect in January 2024.[75] However, Montana content creators filed suit against the state once the bill was signed.[78][79] The creators' lawsuit is financed and directed by TikTok, with law firm Davis Wright Tremaine representing them.[80]

The ban was blocked by US District Judge Donald W. Molloy on December 1, 2023, as he stated the ban "infringes on the Constitutional right of users and businesses". Due to the block, the ban did not come into effect as planned.[81] On January 2, 2024, Montana filed a notice to appeal the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.[82]

Groups such as the ACLU and the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) opposed the ban, stating it constituted "censorship" and "would set an alarming precedent for excessive government control over how Montanans use the internet."[83] Lobbying group NetChoice argued that the ban is an unconstitutional bill of attainder and also violates the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment.[84] Hours after the bill was signed into law, five TikTok creators filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Montana against the state. A spokeswoman for Montana Attorney General Austin Knudsen said that the state is "fully prepared to defend the law".[85] In a preliminary ruling November 30, 2023, federal judge Donald Molloy blocked the law citing constitutional concerns.[86] Specifically, Judge Molloy wrote that "the State fails to show how SB 419 is constitutionally permissible."[87][88]

The law faces technical restrictions. The App Store and Google Play Store track users by country, not by state, and would need to define the behavior when a user crosses state lines. While Apple and Google may be able to use IP addresses to track device locations, users may be able to use a virtual private network (VPN) to circumvent the restriction. If these app stores are found to be hosting TikTok for Montana users, violators could face fines of $10,000 per day.[89] TikTok has stated that it would need to collect data from users in order to comply with the bill.[90]

Other

[edit]

In July 2020, Wells Fargo banned the app from company devices due to privacy and security concerns.[91]

In August 2023, New York City banned TikTok on government-owned devices for security reasons.[92]

Reactions

[edit]

Opinion polling

[edit]

A July 2020 poll from Morning Consult, with 2,200 surveyed, found that 29% of American adults supported a TikTok ban, 33% opposed one, and 38% had no opinion.[93] An August 2020 poll from Reuters/Ipsos, surveying 1,349, had 40% supporting Trump's move to ban the app, 30% opposed, and 30% uncertain.[94]

A December 2022 poll from Rasmussen Reports, surveying 1,000 likely U.S. voters, found that 68% supported proposals to federally ban TikTok, with 43% strongly supporting a ban. Conversely, 24% surveyed were opposed, including 12% who strongly opposed.[95]

A March 2023 poll from The Washington Post, surveying 1,027 American adults, found that 41% supported the federal government banning TikTok, while 25% remain opposed to a ban.[96] Another March poll, from Pew Research Center, found twice as many adult Americans support the U.S. government's ban on TikTok as oppose it (50% vs. 22%), though a significant portion (28%) remain unsure.[97]

A December 2023 poll from Pew Research Center found 38% in favor of a ban, reflecting a decrease among Republicans even amid renewed efforts by their party leaders to ban the app.[98]

A February 2024 poll by the Associated Press and NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found 31% of the respondents were in favor of a nationwide ban of TikTok, while 35% said they were opposed to it. Overall 56% said they supported a limited ban on government devices.[99]

An April 2024 poll by Reuters/Ipsos found that a majority of Americans believe that TikTok is used by the Chinese government to influence public opinion.[100]

Company response

[edit]

TikTok began working on Project Texas after 2020 to address data concerns from the US government.[101] From 2019 to 2024, TikTok and ByteDance combined spent $27 million on lobbying in the United States, including their hire of SKDK, a public affairs firm, in 2023 according to Politico.[102][103] Reuters reported that according to its sources, if all legal methods to block the April 2024 ban are exhausted, ByteDance would prefer to shut down TikTok than sell it with its core algorithm, which is also subject to China's export control.[104] On May 7, 2024, ByteDance and TikTok filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to overturn the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act.[105][106]

Industry response

[edit]

Some advertisers increased their spending on TikTok in 2023. Edward East, CEO of marketing agency Billion Dollar Boy, stated that instead of being intimidated by a potential ban, the industry is seeing an increase in brand investment through TikTok.[107]

In May 2024, trade association NetChoice removed TikTok as a member after facing pressures and potential investigations by US lawmakers. NetChoice had previously defended TikTok.[108]

Following the passing of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, eight TikTok content creators sued the United States government on May 14, 2024, in United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in an effort to overturn the act; the choice of venue was due to a provision in the act making it the "exclusive jurisdiction" for legal challenges of the act.[109]

Chinese government response

[edit]

In March 2024, a spokesperson for Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China said the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act was putting the U.S. on "the opposite side of the principle of fair competition and international economic and trade rules."[110] Representatives from the Embassy of China in Washington, D.C. met with U.S. congressional staffers to lobby against the bill.[111] The Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party also instructed the country's state media outlets to increase positive coverage of ByteDance, although overall Beijing's response seems to be muted so far.[112]

Criticism

[edit]

Bans and attempted bans in the United States have drawn objections citing hypocrisy, protectionism, and not addressing user data privacy in general. Lawmakers making allegations against TikTok fail to mention that the United States itself surveils non-US nationals under Section 702 of FISA.[113] The types of data collected by TikTok are also collected by other social media platforms and sold through brokers to private buyers and reportedly government agencies as well, without oversight.[113][114] A researcher at Georgia Tech's Internet Governance Project is concerned that Washington's attempt to protect the US market could backfire.[113] Some researchers from the Citizen Lab and the Center for Strategic and International Studies stated that user information in general should be protected, not just focusing on one platform.[114][115] There has been no public evidence of American TikTok user data being accessed by the Chinese government.[116][117][118] Critics have also labeled a potential ban on the app an assault on freedom of speech, including congressmen Rand Paul and Thomas Massie.[119][120]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Howe, Elizabeth (November 16, 2021). "Army Recruiters on TikTok Dance Around Ban To Reach Gen Z". Defense One. Archived from the original on September 20, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  2. ^ Kelly, Makena (December 14, 2021). "The Army is in hot water over TikTok recruiting activity". The Verge. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  3. ^ Sung, Morgan (January 25, 2022). "TikTok-famous 'Island Boys' promote Army recruitment in Cameo". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
  4. ^ Brown, Abram. "Let's Talk About What Biden Just Did With Trump's TikTok Ban". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  5. ^ "Biden reverses Trump's effort to ban TikTok, orders broader review of foreign-owned apps". NBC News. June 9, 2021. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  6. ^ Feiner, Lauren (December 13, 2022). "Lawmakers unveil bipartisan bill that aims to ban TikTok in the U.S." CNBC. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
  7. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (December 13, 2022). "Lawmakers introduce bill to ban TikTok in US". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
  8. ^ Ingram, David (December 30, 2022). "Biden signs TikTok ban for government devices, setting up a chaotic 2023 for the app". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  9. ^ "The DOJ and FBI are investigating TikTok over allegations that employees spied on journalists". NBC News. March 17, 2023. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  10. ^ JALONICK, MARY (March 29, 2023), "TikTok ban pushed by Missouri's Hawley blocked in Senate", Associated Press (published March 29, 2023), archived from the original on April 13, 2023, retrieved April 12, 2023
  11. ^ "Text - H.R.1165 - 118th Congress (2023-2024): Data Privacy Act of 2023 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress". Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
  12. ^ Brown, Elizabeth Nolan (March 29, 2023). "Could the RESTRICT Act Criminalize the Use of VPNs?". Reason.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
  13. ^ "Biden Backs Effort to Force Sale of TikTok by Chinese Owners". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  14. ^ "House passes bill that could lead to a TikTok ban; fight shifts to the Senate". CNBC. March 13, 2024. Archived from the original on March 15, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
  15. ^ "H.R.7521 - Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on March 19, 2024. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  16. ^ Childs, Jeremy (April 20, 2024). "Foreign Aid Package for Ukraine, Israel... and TikTok Ban Passes House, Frustrating MAGA Republicans". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  17. ^ Fung, Brian (April 20, 2024). "House passes legislation that could ban TikTok in the US amid high-stakes vote on foreign aid". CNN. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  18. ^ Peller, Lauren; Pecorin, Allison; Beth Hensley, Sarah; Hutzler, Alexandra (April 23, 2024). "Senate passes $95B foreign aid package for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan: What's next?". ABC News. Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  19. ^ Liptak, Michael Williams, Arlette Saenz, Kevin (April 24, 2024). "Biden signs foreign aid bill providing crucial military assistance to Ukraine". CNN. Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ a b Rubin, Olivia. "Questions loom about TikTok as Trump's cabinet comes into shape". ABC News. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  21. ^ Razdan, Khushbo; Xie, Kawala (November 22, 2024). "Can Trump, avid TikTok user and China critic, save it from a US ban?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  22. ^ Maheshwari, Sapna (January 15, 2023). "Auburn Banned TikTok, and Students Can't Stop Talking About It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  23. ^ "EXPLAINER: List of states banning TikTok grows". AP NEWS. January 12, 2023. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  24. ^ Robinson, Aajene (December 13, 2022). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey bans TikTok on state devices". WBRC.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  25. ^ "Alaska bans the use of TikTok on state-owned devices". Anchorage Daily News. January 6, 2023. Archived from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  26. ^ "Arizona Gov. Hobbs bans TikTok on state devices". Fox 10 Phoenix. April 5, 2023. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  27. ^ Laco, Kelly (January 10, 2023). "Sarah Huckabee Sanders bans TikTok on state devices in first move as Arkansas governor". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  28. ^ "Delaware bans the use of TikTok on state devices due to cybersecurity concerns". Delaware Online. January 19, 2023. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  29. ^ Adams, Andrew (December 14, 2022). "Updated: Where Is TikTok Banned? Tracking State by State". GovTech. Archived from the original on December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
  30. ^ a b Amy, Jeff (December 15, 2022). "Georgia, NH latest states to ban TikTok from state computers". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 29, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  31. ^ "Gov. Little bans TikTok on state-issued devices". East Idaho News. December 14, 2022. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  32. ^ WTHR (December 30, 2022). "TikTok blocked from Indiana state devices". Archived from the original on January 3, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  33. ^ Halawith, Liam (December 14, 2022). "Gov. Kim Reynolds bans TikTok on state-owned devices". The Daily Iowan. Archived from the original on December 28, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  34. ^ Hanna, John (December 28, 2022). "EXPLAINER: Kansas' Democratic governor imposes TikTok ban". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  35. ^ Divya Karthikeyan (January 16, 2023). "TikTok banned from Kentucky government devices". WKMS. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  36. ^ Shepardson, David (January 13, 2023). "Kentucky bans TikTok from government-owned devices". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  37. ^ "Louisiana's secretary of state bans TikTok on devices issued by Department of State". Fox News. Associated Press. December 20, 2022. Archived from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  38. ^ "Maine is the latest state to ban TikTok for state workers". Associated Press. January 19, 2023. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  39. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (December 6, 2022). "Hogan orders TikTok ban for Maryland government employees". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  40. ^ Orner, Ben (March 8, 2023). "Michigan blocks TikTok from state devices, with exemptions". mlive. Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  41. ^ Goldberg, Michael (January 11, 2013). "Mississippi governor bans TikTok from government devices". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  42. ^ Michels, Holly K. (December 16, 2022). "Montana bans TikTok on state devices". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  43. ^ KETV (August 12, 2020). "Governor of Nebraska to ban TikTok from state electronic devices". KETV. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  44. ^ Allen, Mike (March 29, 2023). "Nevada bans TikTok on government devices". Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  45. ^ Neukam, Stephen (January 9, 2023). "NJ governor bans TikTok on state devices". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  46. ^ WBTV Web Staff (January 12, 2023). "N.C. Gov. Cooper signs executive order initiating ban of TikTok, WeChat from state devices". WBTV. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  47. ^ Musto, Julia (December 14, 2022). "North Dakota governor bans TikTok app in executive branch agencies". Fox Business. Archived from the original on December 27, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  48. ^ Sforza, Lauren (January 9, 2023). "Ohio joins list of states banning TikTok on government electronic devices". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  49. ^ Love, Ryan (December 8, 2022). "Oklahoma Gov. Stitt bans TikTok on government devices". KOCO. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  50. ^ Desaulniers, Robert (June 22, 2023). "Oregon Senate unanimously passes ban on TikTok on government-owned devices". NewsWatch 12 KDRV. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  51. ^ "HB3127 2023 Regular Session - Oregon Legislative Information System". olis.oregonlegislature.gov. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  52. ^ Brams, Sophie (December 5, 2022). "South Carolina governor requests TikTok ban on state government devices". WBTW News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  53. ^ "TikTok off-limits for South Carolina employees on state devices, governor says". WYFF. December 5, 2022. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  54. ^ "Gov. Noem Signs Executive Order Banning TikTok". South Dakota State News. November 29, 2022. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  55. ^ Roush, Ty (December 15, 2022). "Senate Approves Bill Banning TikTok From Federal Devices As GOP Campaign Against Social Media App Grows". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 16, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  56. ^ NBCDFW Staff. "TikTok Banned on State-Issued Devices in Texas". NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  57. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (December 12, 2022). "Utah governor orders TikTok ban for state government employees". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  58. ^ "Vermont state government bans TikTok on its devices". VTDigger. February 20, 2023. Archived from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  59. ^ Gans, Jared (December 16, 2022). "Youngkin joins GOP governors in banning TikTok on state devices, wireless networks". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 21, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  60. ^ Andrea, Lawrence (January 12, 2023). "Gov. Tony Evers issues order banning TikTok on most state-issued devices". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  61. ^ "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon Bans TikTok On All State Owned Devices". Cowboy State Daily. December 15, 2022. Archived from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  62. ^ Tanet, John (April 3, 2023). "ASU bans TikTok from university devices". 12News. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Castillo, Evans (January 31, 2023). "These Colleges Just Banned TikTok". Best Colleges. Archived from the original on February 1, 2023.
  64. ^ a b Kelly, Samantha Murphy (December 22, 2022). "Some universities are now restricting TikTok access on campus". CNN. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Tolentino, Daysia (January 18, 2023). "These are all the public universities that have instituted TikTok bans". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 4, 2023.
  66. ^ a b c d Cope, Emily (January 11, 2023). "Public universities across the country ban CCP-influenced TikTok". The College Fix. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  67. ^ "Clemson University bans TikTok on campus network". WLTX. July 10, 2023. Archived from the original on December 23, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  68. ^ "Purdue blocks TikTok on school network". Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  69. ^ Palmer, Kathryn (April 4, 2023). "U of A, other Arizona universities ban TikTok". tucson.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  70. ^ Ketterer, Samantha (December 20, 2022). "UH System schools remove TikTok from employees' government devices after Abbott ban". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  71. ^ Richmond, Todd (January 24, 2023). "EXPLAINER: University of Wisconsin latest to ban TikTok". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  72. ^ Fung, Brian (April 14, 2023). "Montana lawmakers vote to completely ban TikTok in the state". CNN Business. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
  73. ^ McCabe, David (April 14, 2023). "Montana Legislature Approves Outright Ban of TikTok". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
  74. ^ Michels, Holly (April 14, 2023). "Montana Legislature passes TikTok ban". Billings Gazette. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
  75. ^ a b Hanson, Amy Beth; Hadero, Haleluya (May 17, 2023). "Montana says 1st-in-nation TikTok ban protects people. TikTok says it violates their rights". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  76. ^ Marino, Michael (June 2, 2023). "TikTok Banned in Montana". Yellowstone County News. p. 2.
  77. ^ Delouya, Samantha (May 17, 2023). "Montana governor bans TikTok | CNN Business". CNN. Archived from the original on May 18, 2023. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  78. ^ TikTok users file lawsuit to block Montana ban Archived May 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine Reuters
  79. ^ TikTok creators sue Montana over app ban Archived May 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine CNN
  80. ^ Maheshwari, Sapna (June 27, 2023). "After Montana Banned TikTok, Users Sued. TikTok Is Footing Their Bill". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  81. ^ Hanson, Amy Beth (November 30, 2023). "Montana's first-in-the-nation ban on TikTok blocked by judge who says it's unconstitutional". AP News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2023. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  82. ^ Shepardson, David (January 2, 2024). "Montana appealing ruling that blocked state from barring TikTok use". reuters.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  83. ^ "Coalition Letter Opposing Montana House Bill That Would Ban TikTok". American Civil Liberties Union. Archived from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  84. ^ Robertson, Adi (May 17, 2023). "TikTok is now banned in Montana". The Verge. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  85. ^ Fung, Brian (May 18, 2023). "TikTok creators sue Montana over app ban". CNN. Archived from the original on May 18, 2023. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  86. ^ Vanian, Jonathan (November 30, 2023). "Federal judge blocks Montana's TikTok ban, which would have been the first of its kind". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  87. ^ Marino, Michael (December 8, 2023). "Court Blocks Montana TikTok Ban from Taking Effect". Yellowstone County News. p. 11.
  88. ^ Molloy, Donald (November 30, 2023). "Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction – #115 in TikTok Inc. v. Knudsen" (PDF). United States District Court for the District of Montana. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024 – via CourtListener.
  89. ^ Delouya, Samantha (May 17, 2023). "Montana governor bans TikTok | CNN Business". CNN. Archived from the original on May 18, 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  90. ^ Harwell, Drew (May 19, 2023). "Montana can ban TikTok, but it probably can't enforce it". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  91. ^ Levitt, Hannah (July 11, 2020). "Wells Fargo Tells Workers to Remove TikTok App From Work Phones". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  92. ^ Singh, Kanishka (August 17, 2023). "New York City bans TikTok on government-owned devices over security concerns". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 18, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
  93. ^ Piacenza (July 9, 2020). "Public Divided on TikTok Ban as U.S. Considers Clampdown on Chinese Social Media Apps". Morning Consult. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  94. ^ Satter, Raphael; Khan, Chris (August 31, 2020). "Forty percent of Americans back Trump executive order on TikTok: Reuters/Ipsos poll". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  95. ^ "TikTok: Most Voters Support Ban Amid Chinese Spying Concerns". Rasmussen Reports. December 9, 2022. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  96. ^ Mueller, Julia (February 22, 2023). "More than 40 percent of Americans support banning TikTok: poll". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
  97. ^ Laura, Silver; Laura, Clancy (March 31, 2023). "By more than two-to-one, Americans support U.S. government banning TikTok". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  98. ^ Harwell, Drew (December 14, 2023). "Support for TikTok ban crumbles, even among Republicans". Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 13, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  99. ^ Hadero, Halelyua (February 16, 2024). "Americans divided on TikTok ban even as Biden campaign joins the app, AP-NORC poll shows". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  100. ^ Lange, Jason; Shepardson, David (May 1, 2024). "Most Americans see TikTok as a Chinese influence tool, Reuters/Ipsos poll finds". Reuters. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  101. ^ Perault, Matt; Sacks, Samm (January 26, 2023). "Project Texas: The Details of TikTok's Plan to Remain Operational in the United States". Lawfare. Archived from the original on September 6, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  102. ^ Lippman, Daniel (March 9, 2023). "TikTok hires Biden-connected firm as it finds itself under D.C.'s microscope". Politico. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  103. ^ Bordelon, Brendan (April 24, 2024). "'Lost touch with reality': How TikTok's vaunted lobbying operation went wrong". Politico. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  104. ^ Wu, Kane; Zhu, Julie (April 25, 2024). "ByteDance prefers TikTok shutdown in US if legal options fail, sources say". Reuters. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  105. ^ Spangler, Todd (May 7, 2024). "TikTok Sues U.S. Government Over Law That Would Ban App, Alleges It's 'Obviously Unconstitutional'". Variety. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  106. ^ Allyn, Bobby (May 7, 2024). "TikTok challenges U.S. ban in court, calling it unconstitutional". NPR. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  107. ^ Murphy, Hannah (2023). "Brands increase TikTok spending despite threat of US ban". Financial Times. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  108. ^ Oprysko, Caitlin; Lippman, Daniel; Bordelon, Brendan (May 9, 2024). "NetChoice boots TikTok". Politico. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  109. ^ Lorenz, Taylor; Harwell, Drew (May 14, 2024). "TikTok creators sue U.S. government over potential ban". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  110. ^ Foran, Claire; Fung, Brian; Talbot, Haley (March 13, 2024). "House passes bill that could ban TikTok despite resistance from Trump". CNN. Archived from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  111. ^ Fuchs, Hailey (April 17, 2024). "Chinese diplomats are quietly meeting with Hill staffers about TikTok". Politico. Archived from the original on April 18, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
  112. ^ Lin, Liza; Chun Han, Wong (April 26, 2024). "Why China Is Holding Its Fire as U.S. Moves to Ban TikTok". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 26, 2024. The Communist Party's propaganda department, which regularly sends reporting guidelines to state-owned media outlets, recently instructed such media to amp up their reporting on TikTok's U.S. woes in favor of ByteDance, according to people familiar with the matter.
  113. ^ a b c Hale, Erin. "US says China can spy with TikTok. It spies on world with Google". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on September 13, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  114. ^ a b Chin, Caitlin (October 6, 2022). "U.S. Digital Privacy Troubles Do Not Start or End with TikTok". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023. In recent years, government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Special Operations Command, Internal Revenue Service, and Defense Intelligence Agency have reportedly purchased massive amounts of U.S. mobile app geolocation information from data brokers—without warrants or proper oversight. Furthermore, U.S. private companies, such as Clearview AI, Palantir, and Giant Oak have collectively scanned billions of social media posts—which could include TikTok content.
  115. ^ Fung, Brian (March 21, 2023). "Lawmakers say TikTok is a national security threat, but evidence remains unclear". CNN. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved December 23, 2023. TikTok is only a product of the entire surveillance capitalism economy, Lin said. Governments should try to better protect user information, instead of focusing on one particular app without good evidence.
  116. ^ Fung, Brian (March 12, 2024). "TikTok creators fear a ban as the House prepares to vote on a bill that could block the app in America". CNN. Archived from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024. Cybersecurity experts say that the national security concerns surrounding TikTok remain a hypothetical—albeit concerning—scenario. US officials have not publicly presented evidence that the Chinese government has accessed the user data of US TikTok users.
  117. ^ "House overwhelmingly votes to ban TikTok if its Chinese owner doesn't sell". Fortune. To date, the U.S. government also has not provided any evidence that shows TikTok shared such information with Chinese authorities.
  118. ^ Klippenstein, Ken (March 16, 2024). "TikTok Threat Is Purely Hypothetical, U.S. Intelligence Admits". The Intercept. Archived from the original on April 23, 2024. Retrieved April 22, 2024. The problem with TikTok isn't related to their ownership. In 2016 Russia did this with Facebook and they didn't have to own Facebook—they just bought ads like everybody else. Trump signed a covert action order authorizing the CIA to use social media to influence and manipulate domestic Chinese public opinion and views on China.
  119. ^ Fortinsky, Sarah (March 13, 2024). "Rand Paul: Proposed TikTok ban 'makes no sense'". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  120. ^ "GOP Rep. Massie says TikTok bill would not address 'root problems'". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictions_on_TikTok_in_the_United_States
1 |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF