Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara

The Right Honourable The Lord Connemara GCIE PC
"Bobby". Caricature in Vanity Fair, 1877.
Governor of Madras Presidency
In office 8 December 1886 (1886-12-08) – December 1890 (1890-12)
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	M. E. Grant Duff
Succeeded by	John Henry Garstin
Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office 23 February 1874 (1874-02-23) – 21 April 1880 (1880-04-21)
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Benjamin Disraeli
Preceded by	Viscount Enfield
Succeeded by	Sir Charles Dilke
In office 25 June 1885 (1885-06-25) – 28 January 1886 (1886-01-28)
Prime Minister	The Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded by	Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice
Succeeded by	James Bryce
Parliamentary Offices Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal Hereditary Peerage 10 May 1887 – 3 September 1902 Preceded by New Creation Succeeded by Extinct Member of Parliament for King's Lynn In office 1868–1886 Serving with Lord Stanley Lord Claud Hamilton Sir William ffolkes Preceded by Sir Thomas Buxton Lord Stanley Succeeded by Weston Jarvis
Personal details
Born	Robert Bourke (1827-06-11)11 June 1827 Hayes, County Meath, Ireland
Died	3 September 1902(1902-09-03) (aged 75) London, England
Political party	Conservative
Spouses	Lady Susan Ramsay ​ ​ (m. 1863; div. 1890)​ Gertrude ​ ​ (m. 1894; died 1898)​
Parents	Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo Anne Charlotte Jocelyn
Relatives	Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo (brother)
Alma mater	Trinity College, Dublin

Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara, GCIE, PC (English: /bɜːrk/; BURK; /kɒnɛmɑːræ/; CONEH-mar-a; 11 June 1827 – 3 September 1902) was a British Conservative politician and colonial administrator who served as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1874–80, 1885–86) and Governor of Madras (1886–90).

Bourke was born into an Anglo-Irish aristocratic family at Hayes, County Meath,^[1] Ireland, the third son of Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo (the son of Hon. Richard Burke, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore), and Anne Charlotte, daughter of The Hon. John Jocelyn. His older brother was The 6th Earl of Mayo, a Viceroy of India. He was educated at Hall Place School, Bexley, Kent, and Trinity College, Dublin,^[2] and was called to the Bar, Inner Temple, in 1852.

Bourke practised as a barrister for a number of years^{[citation needed]} before being elected Conservative Member of Parliament for King's Lynn in 1868.^[3][4] In 1874 he became Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in Benjamin Disraeli's second administration, a post he held until 1880, when he was also sworn of the Privy Council.^[5] He held the same post from 1885 to 1886 in Lord Salisbury's first administration.

In 1886, Bourke was appointed Governor of Madras.^[6] The following year he was appointed a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire and raised to the peerage as Baron Connemara, of Connemara in the County of Galway.^[7] In 1890 he laid the foundations stone of the Connemara Public Library in Madras, which was named after him and opened six years later.^[8] The building was originally planned to house the proposed Victoria Technical Institute which was constructed in 1887, the Golden Jubilee year of Queen Victoria's reign. The third session of the Indian National Congress was held at Madras in 1887 when Lord Connemara was the governor. He hosted a garden party at Government House for the delegates. The construction of the Madras High Court was commenced in 1889.

Lord Connemara is credited with introducing a number of reforms while serving as governor. He personally supervised the famine-relief measures at Ganjam and reorganised the sanitary administration of Madras city. He also improved and extended the east coast railway line connecting Madras with Calcutta. The Madras Mail, in its 4 December 1890 issue, comments that his administration was "a bright epoch in the annals of Madras". He resigned as governor on 8 November 1890 and returned to Great Britain when his wife sued him for infecting her with syphilis and his adultery with her lady's maid.^[9] He did not defend himself and accepted the verdict and paid costs.

Lord Connemara contributed occasionally in the House of Lords, mostly on matters dealing with foreign affairs, making his last speech in June 1898.^[10] He also published the work Parliamentary Precedents.^[1]

Lord Connemara was twice married. He married firstly Lady Susan Georgiana, daughter of The 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, a former Governor-General of India, in 1863. They divorced in 1890. In 1894, he married Gertrude, former wife of Edward Coleman. Both marriages were childless. His second wife died in November 1898. Lord Connemara died in London in September 1902, aged 75, and was buried in the city's Kensal Green Cemetery.^[11][12] His barony became extinct at his death.

Country	Date	Appointment	Ribbon	Post-nominals
United Kingdom	1880–1902	Privy Council (United Kingdom)		PC
United Kingdom	1887–1902	Knight of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire		GCIE

Coat of arms of Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara

Escutcheon Party per fess Or and Ermine, a cross gules the first quarter charged with a lion rampant sable and the second with a dexter hand couped at the wrist and erect gules Orders Order of the Indian Empire

• 
  Monument, Kensal Green Cemetery
• 
  Monumental inscription detail, Kensal Green Cemetery

• House of Burgh, an Anglo-Norman and Hiberno-Norman dynasty founded in 1193

• Burtchaell, George Dames; Sadleir, Thomas Ulick (1935). Alumni Dublinenses: A Register of the Students, Graduates, Professors and Provosts of Trinity College in the University of Dublin (1593–1860). Dublin: Alex Thom and Co.
• Davenport-Hines, Richard (2011). "A Radical Lord Chamberlain at a Tory Court: Lord Carrington, 1892–95". The Court Historian. 16 (2): 205–225. doi:10.1179/cou.2011.16.2.004. S2CID 153827892.
• "Bourke, Robert, Baron Connemara (1827–1902), administrator in India". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31990. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 21 December 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Lord Connemara
• Portrait of Lord Connemara at connemarapubliclibrarychennai.com