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Russian undesirable organizations law

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 23 min

Picket in support of Anastasia Shevchenko, first person who was convicted for participation in an "undesirable" organisation
Undesirable organizations law
Undesirable NGOs law
  • On Amendments to Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation
Citation129-FZ
Enacted23 May 2015
Legislative history
Bill title662902-6

The Russian undesirable organizations law (officially Federal Law of 23.05.2015 N 129-FZ "On amendments of some legislative acts of the Russian Federation")[1] is a law that was signed by President Vladimir Putin on 23 May 2015 as a follow-up to the 2012 Russian foreign agent law and Dima Yakovlev Law. Under the law, Russian prosecutors are able to target foreign groups which they deem to present "a threat to the foundation of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation, the defense capability of the country or the security of the state."[2]

The law gives prosecutors the power to declare foreign and international organizations "undesirable" in Russia and shut them down. Organizations are subject to heavy fines, while individuals affiliated with them can receive lengthy prison sentences if they fail to dissolve when given notice to do so. These punishments also apply to Russians who maintain ties to them. Critics say that the law is unclear in many areas and can be used to silence dissent. Supporters of the bill claim that this law is vital for the preservation of national security.

History

[edit]

The proponents revealed that an initial idea of the law was to expand the action of the "foreign agent law" onto foreign noncommercial organizations as well, but after the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia they decided to incorporate economic aspects in the new law as well.[3]

On July 23, 2024 State Duma adopted a law according to which any organizations can be recognized as undesirable in Russia if their founders or participants are foreign government agencies, in addition to foreign NGO.[4]

Implications for NGOs

[edit]

These organisations are forbidden from holding public events and from possessing or distributing promotional materials, including via mass media. All Russian banks and financial institutions are forbidden from cooperating with them and are required to inform Russia's financial watchdog agency about all those that attempt to use them.[citation needed]

When given notice from the prosecutors, these NGOs have to disband. Violators face fines or prison terms of up to six years. People cooperating with such entities are subject to fines and can be banned from entering Russia.[5] Russians who maintain ties with "undesirables" face penalties ranging from fines to a maximum of six years in prison.[6]

Enforcement

[edit]

On 25 May 2015, the first proposed list of undesirable NGOs was sent to the Prosecutor-General's office was made by an MP from LDPR. The list included the think tank Carnegie Moscow Center, the international history and human rights society Memorial, as well as the Moscow offices of Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.[7]

On 7 July 2015, RIA Novosti published an alleged shortlist by the Federal Council of Russia of organizations to be branded undesirable. Those include the US-based Open Society Institute, the National Endowment for Democracy, the MacArthur Foundation and the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation. The list also includes the Polish-based Education for Democracy foundation and the East European Democratic Centre as well as three Ukrainian organizations: The Ukrainian World Congress, the Ukrainian World Coordinating Council and the Crimean Field Mission on Human Rights.[8][9]

After the Federal Council's vote to include the MacArthur Foundation on the recommended list of "undesirable organizations", it announced the closing of its Russian division, operating since 1992.[10]

In July 2015, the National Endowment for Democracy became the first organization to be officially blacklisted by the Russian authorities under the law. The decision by the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation was announced on its website where it was claimed that NED's activities "pose a threat to constitutional order of the Russian Federation, defense potential and security of the state". Among NED's alleged violations were its donations to commercial and non-profit organizations that independently monitor elections, as well as for undefined "political activities" and "discrediting service in the [Russian] armed forces".[11][12]

In November 2015, two branches of George Soros' charity network, the Open Society Foundations and the Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation, were banned under this law in Russia. The infractions were not listed, but the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation released a statement stating that "the activity of the Open Society Foundations and the Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation represents a threat to the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the security of the state".[13][14]

Ahead of the March 2018 presidential election, two European organizations involved in election monitoring were added.[15]

Affected organizations

[edit]

As of 15 November 2024, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation declared 193 overseas and international non-governmental organizations "undesirable" in Russia (including the occupied territories of Ukraine): most of the affected organizations are based in Germany, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[16]

List of organizations affected by the Russian undesirable organizations law
№ Organization affected Country Ministry
of Justice’s
order date 		Prosecutor-
General’s
decision date 		Ref.
1 National Endowment for Democracy  United States 29 Jul 2015 28 Jul 2015 [17]
2 Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation  United States 01 Dec 2015 26 Nov 2015 [18]
3 Open Society Foundations  United States 01 Dec 2015 26 Nov 2015 [18]
4 U.S. Russia Foundation  United States 07 Dec 2015 03 Dec 2015 [19]
5 National Democratic Institute  United States 17 Mar 2016 10 Mar 2016 [20]
6 Media Development Investment Fund  United States 22 Aug 2016 18 Aug 2016 [21]
7 International Republican Institute  United States 22 Aug 2016 18 Aug 2016 [21]
8 Open Russia Civic Movement  United Kingdom 27 Apr 2017 26 Apr 2017 [22]
9 Open Russia  United Kingdom 27 Apr 2017 26 Apr 2017 [22]
10 Institute of Modern Russia [ru]  United States 27 Apr 2017 26 Apr 2017 [23]
11 Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation  Romania 03 Jul 2017 30 Jun 2017 [24]
12 European Platform for Democratic Elections  Germany 13 Mar 2018 12 Mar 2018 [25]
13 International Elections Study Center  Lithuania 13 Mar 2018 12 Mar 2018 [26]
14 German Marshall Fund  United States 21 Mar 2018 20 Mar 2018 [27]
15 Pacific Environment  United States 28 Aug 2018 24 Aug 2018 [28]
16 Free Russia Foundation  United States 28 Jun 2019 27 Jun 2019 [29]
17 Ukrainian World Congress  Canada 17 Jul 2019 11 Jul 2019 [30]
18 Atlantic Council  United States 29 Jul 2019 25 Jul 2019 [31]
19 People in Need  Czech Republic 12 Nov 2019 07 Nov 2019 [32]
20 European Endowment for Democracy  Belgium 12 Mar 2020 06 Mar 2020 [33]
21 Jamestown Foundation  United States 09 Apr 2020 08 Apr 2020 [34]
22 Project Harmony International  United States 23 Apr 2020 22 Apr 2020 [35]
23 Dragon Springs Buddhist (The Mountain)  United States 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
24 Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting  United States 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
25 European Falun Dafa Association  United Kingdom 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
26 Friends of Falun Gong  United States 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
27 Global Mission to Rescue Persecuted Falun Gong Practitioners  United States 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
28 Coalition to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong  United States 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
29 World Organisation to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong  United States 21 Jul 2020 17 Jul 2020 [36]
30 Prague Civil Society Centre  Czech Republic 25 Dec 2020 17 Dec 2020 [37]
31 Association of Schools of Political Studies of the Council of Europe  France 25 Dec 2020 22 Dec 2020 [38]
32 Center for Liberal Modernity [de]  Germany 02 Jun 2021 26 May 2021 [39]
33 Forum of Russian-speaking Europeans  Germany 02 Jun 2021 26 May 2021 [39]
34 Austausch [de]  Germany 02 Jun 2021 26 May 2021 [39]
35 Bard College  United States 30 Jun 2021 21 Jun 2021 [40]
36 European Choice  France 09 Jul 2021 30 Jun 2021 [41]
37 Khodorkovsky Foundation  United Kingdom 09 Jul 2021 30 Jun 2021 [41]
38 Oxford Russia Fund  United Kingdom 09 Jul 2021 30 Jun 2021 [41]
39 Future of Russia Foundation  United Kingdom 09 Jul 2021 30 Jun 2021 [41]
40 Freedom of Information Society (Team 29)  Czech Republic 09 Jul 2021 29 Jun 2021 [42]
41 Proekt  United States 23 Jul 2021 15 Jul 2021 [43]
42 International Partnership for Human Rights  Belgium 17 Aug 2021 12 Aug 2021 [44]
43 New Generation Spiritual Directorate of the Evangelical Christian [uk]  Ukraine 30 Aug 2021 23 Aug 2021 [45]
44 New Generation Evangelical Christian Church [uk]  Latvia 30 Aug 2021 23 Aug 2021 [45]
45 New Generation International Biblical College [uk]  Ukraine 30 Aug 2021 23 Aug 2021 [45]
46 New Generation International Christian Movement [uk]  Latvia 30 Aug 2021 23 Aug 2021 [45]
47 World Institute of Scientology Enterprises  United States 01 Oct 2021 24 Sep 2021 [46]
48 Church of Spiritual Technology  United States 01 Oct 2021 24 Sep 2021 [46]
49 European Network of Election Monitoring Organizations  Montenegro 01 Oct 2021 27 Sep 2021 [47]
50 WOT Foundation  Poland 04 Feb 2022 25 Jan 2022 [48]
51 Free Idel-Ural  Ukraine 28 Feb 2022 16 Feb 2022 [48]
52 Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project  United States 05 Mar 2022 22 Feb 2022 [48]
53 iStories (Important Stories)  Latvia 05 Mar 2022 22 Feb 2022 [48]
54 Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs)  United Kingdom 13 Apr 2022 07 Apr 2022 [48]
55 Crimean Human Rights Group  Ukraine 13 May 2022 04 May 2022 [48]
56 Heinrich Böll Foundation  Germany 31 May 2022 20 May 2022 [48]
57 Stichting Bellingcat  Netherlands 26 Jul 2022 13 Jul 2022 [48]
58 Bellingcat  United Kingdom 26 Jul 2022 13 Jul 2022 [48]
59 The Insider  Latvia 26 Jul 2022 13 Jul 2022 [48]
60 CEELI Institute  Czech Republic 26 Jul 2022 13 Jul 2022 [48]
61 Open Estonia Foundation  Estonia 29 Jul 2022 19 Jul 2022 [48]
62 Calvert 22 Foundation  United Kingdom 12 Aug 2022 29 Jul 2022 [48]
63 Ukrainian Canadian Congress  Canada 19 Aug 2022 04 Aug 2022 [49]
64 Macdonald–Laurier Institute  Canada 19 Aug 2022 04 Aug 2022 [49]
65 Ukrainian National Federation of Canada  Canada 19 Aug 2022 04 Aug 2022 [49]
66 Decembrists (German: Dekabristen)  Germany 25 Oct 2022 12 Oct 2022 [50]
67 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (Wilson Center)  United States 25 Nov 2022 10 Nov 2022 [51]
68 Open Press  France 25 Nov 2022 11 Nov 2022 [51]
69 Renaissance Volodymyr Muntyan Charitable Foundation  Ukraine 25 Nov 2022 16 Nov 2022 [52]
70 Spiritual Center "Renaissance" [uk]  Ukraine 25 Nov 2022 16 Nov 2022 [52]
71 Riddle  Lithuania 13 Dec 2022 25 Nov 2022 [53]
72 Anti-war Committee in Sweden «Russians Against War»  Sweden 10 Jan 2023 20 Dec 2022 [54]
73 Meduza  Latvia 07 Feb 2023 25 Jan 2023 [55]
74 Andrei Sakharov Foundation  United States 07 Feb 2023 23 Jan 2023 [56]
75 Free Russia Forum  Lithuania 13 Feb 2023 30 Jan 2023 [57]
76 Free Nations League  Lithuania 10 Mar 2023 17 Feb 2023 [58]
77 Transparency International  Germany 21 Mar 2023 03 Mar 2023 [59]
78 Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum  Poland 31 Mar 2023 15 Mar 2023 [60]
79 Solidarus  Germany 05 Apr 2023 15 Mar 2023 [61]
80 CrimeaSOS  Ukraine 05 Apr 2023 21 Mar 2023 [62]
81 Free University (Russia) [ru] (Latvian: Brīvā Universitāte)  Latvia 18 Apr 2023 30 Mar 2023 [63]
82 Institute for Statecraft  United Kingdom 25 Apr 2023 20 Mar 2023 [64]
83 EU—Russia Civil Society Forum  Germany 25 Apr 2023 10 Apr 2023 [65]
84 Bellona Foundation  Norway 02 May 2023 17 Apr 2023 [66]
85 League of Residents of Chishima and Habomai Islands [ja]  Japan 11 May 2023 20 Apr 2023 [67]
86 Congress of People’s Deputies  Poland 18 May 2023 27 Apr 2023 [68]
87 Greenpeace International  Netherlands 29 May 2023 18 May 2023 [69]
88 Anti-Corruption Foundation International  United States 01 Jun 2023 22 May 2023 [70]
89 Transformation Center Church International, Transformation Center Covenant Network  United States 27 Jun 2023 07 Jun 2023 [71]
90 Agora (Interregional Association of Human Rights Organizations)  Bulgaria 28 Jun 2023 14 Jun 2023 [72]
91 World Wide Fund for Nature  Switzerland 05 Jul 2023 20 Jun 2023 [73]
92 Novaya Gazeta Europe  Latvia 14 Jul 2023 26 Jun 2023 [74]
93 Altai Project  United States 17 Jul 2023 03 Jul 2023 [75]
94 Educational Human Rights House Chernihiv  Ukraine 24 Jul 2023 05 Jul 2023 [76]
95 Human Rights House Foundation  Norway 24 Jul 2023 05 Jul 2023 [76]
96 Barys Zvozskau Belarusian Human Rights House  Lithuania 24 Jul 2023 05 Jul 2023 [76]
97 Human Rights House Tbilisi  Georgia 24 Jul 2023 05 Jul 2023 [76]
98 Human Rights House Yerevan  Armenia 24 Jul 2023 05 Jul 2023 [76]
99 Human Rights House Crimea  Ukraine 24 Jul 2023 05 Jul 2023 [76]
100 Wild Salmon Center  United States 02 Aug 2023 17 Jul 2023 [77]
101 TVR Studios (TV Rain)  Netherlands 04 Aug 2023 21 Jul 2023 [78]
102 TV Rain  Latvia 04 Aug 2023 21 Jul 2023 [78]
103 Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies (Martens Centre)  Belgium 15 Aug 2023 28 Jul 2023 [79]
104 Conflict Intelligence Team  Ukraine 18 Aug 2023 04 Aug 2023 [80]
105 AllatRa [uk]  Ukraine 18 Aug 2023 02 Aug 2023 [81]
106 For a Free Russia (Polish: Za Wolną Rosję)  Poland 23 Aug 2023 11 Aug 2023 [82]
107 Free Buryatia Foundation  United States 12 Sep 2023 30 Aug 2023 [83]
108 URALIC Centre for Indigenous Peoples  Estonia 14 Sep 2023 30 Aug 2023 [84]
109 UnKremlin  Germany 18 Sep 2023 01 Sep 2023 [85]
110 International Transport Workers' Federation  United Kingdom 18 Sep 2023 01 Sep 2023 [86]
111 EastCham Finland  Finland 26 Sep 2023 12 Sep 2023 [87]
112 Hudson Institute  United States 26 Sep 2023 13 Sep 2023 [88]
113 Foundation for Democratic Development  United States 11 Oct 2023 18 Sep 2023 [89]
114 Committee-2024  Poland 17 Oct 2023 26 Sep 2023 [85]
115 Central European University  Austria 01 Nov 2023 18 Sep 2023 [90]
116 Centre for East European and International Studies [de]  Germany 01 Nov 2023 12 Sep 2023 [91]
117 Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Jehovah’s Witnesses [de]  Germany 08 Nov 2023 12 Oct 2023 [92]
118 Religious Center of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Ukraine [uk]  Ukraine 08 Nov 2023 12 Oct 2023 [92]
119 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania  United States 08 Nov 2023 12 Oct 2023 [92]
120 Civic Council  Poland 21 Nov 2023 03 Nov 2023 [93]
121 Center for European Policy Analysis  United States 27 Nov 2023 23 Oct 2023 [94]
122 Eastern European Academic Network  Germany 04 Dec 2023 14 Nov 2023 [95]
123 Russian Action Committee  Lithuania 04 Dec 2023 14 Nov 2023 [95]
124 RAND Corporation  United States 06 Dec 2023 21 Nov 2023 [96]
125 Russian America for Democracy in Russia  United States 25 Dec 2023 24 Nov 2023 [97]
126 True Russia  United Kingdom 25 Dec 2023 07 Dec 2023 [97]
127 Global Investigative Journalism Network  United States 25 Dec 2023 05 Dec 2023 [97]
128 Helpdesk Media Foundation  Latvia 26 Dec 2023 11 Dec 2023 [97]
129 Freies Russland Berlin  Germany 26 Jan 2024 26 Dec 2023 [98]
130 Freies Russland NRW  Germany 26 Jan 2024 26 Dec 2023 [98]
131 GlobalGiving Foundation  United States 26 Jan 2024 11 Jan 2024 [98]
132 Anti-War Committee of Russia — 31 Jan 2024 11 Jan 2024 [99]
133 Russie-Libertés [fr]  France 31 Jan 2024 11 Jan 2024 [99]
134 Asociación de Rusos Libres  Spain 31 Jan 2024 11 Jan 2024 [99]
135 Alliance for the Return of the Northern Territories  Japan 05 Feb 2024 23 Jan 2024 [100]
136 Crimean Tatar Resource Center [uk]  Ukraine 05 Feb 2024 16 Jan 2024 [100]
137 IndustriALL Global Union  Switzerland 05 Feb 2024 17 Jan 2024 [100]
138 Russian Election Monitor  Germany 07 Feb 2024 19 Jan 2024 [101]
139 Article 19  United Kingdom 08 Feb 2024 23 Jan 2024 [101]
140 Mnenie Media (DOXA)  Czech Republic 08 Feb 2024 15 Jan 2024 [101]
141 Anarchist Black Cross Federation  United States 16 Feb 2024 25 Jan 2024 [102]
142 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty  United States 20 Feb 2024 02 Feb 2024 [103]
143 German Society for Eastern European Studies [de]  Germany 01 Mar 2024 14 Feb 2024 [104]
144 Friedrich Ebert Foundation  Germany 01 Mar 2024 14 Feb 2024 [104]
145 XZ Foundation  Germany 01 Mar 2024 14 Feb 2024 [104]
146 OWEN — Mobile Academy for Gender Democracy and Peacebuilding  Germany 01 Mar 2024 14 Feb 2024 [104]
147 Lew Kopelew Forum [de]  Germany 13 Mar 2024 19 Feb 2024 [105]
148 American Councils for International Education  United States 18 Mar 2024 26 Feb 2024 [106]
149 Cultural Vistas  United States 18 Mar 2024 26 Feb 2024 [106]
150 Institute of International Education  United States 18 Mar 2024 26 Feb 2024 [106]
151 Russians Against War Antalya  Turkey 18 Mar 2024 26 Feb 2024 [106]
152 Open Dialogue Foundation  Poland 25 Mar 2024 14 Feb 2024 [107]
153 Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy  Canada 02 Apr 2024 13 Mar 2024 [108]
154 Russian Canadian Democratic Alliance  Canada 02 Apr 2024 13 Mar 2024 [108]
155 Norman Paterson School of International Affairs  Canada 02 Apr 2024 13 Mar 2024 [108]
156 Center for Civil Liberties  Ukraine 16 Apr 2024 13 Mar 2024 [109]
157 Boris Nemtsov Foundation for Freedom [ru]  Germany 16 Apr 2024 13 Mar 2024 [109]
158 Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom  Germany 16 Apr 2024 13 Mar 2024 [109]
159 Feminist Anti-War Resistance — 25 Apr 2024 09 Apr 2024 [110]
160 Ingush Independence Committee  Turkey 02 May 2024 11 Apr 2024 [111]
161 Prometheus Security Environment Research Center  Ukraine 15 May 2024 24 Apr 2024 [112]
162 KKL-Stop the Occupation of Karelia  Estonia 17 May 2024 25 Apr 2024 [113]
163 Come Back Alive  Ukraine 17 May 2024 24 Apr 2024 [113]
164 Freedom House  United States 21 May 2024 06 Apr 2024 [113]
165 SOTA media [ru] (Sotaproject)  Lithuania 24 May 2024 07 May 2024 [112]
166 Liberal Democratic League of Ukraine  Ukraine 03 Jun 2024 13 May 2024 [114]
167 German Historical Institute Moscow  Germany 14 Jun 2024 30 May 2024 [115]
168 Great Commission Media Ministries  Canada 21 Jun 2024 03 Jun 2024 [116]
169 International Russian Radio & Television  Finland 21 Jun 2024 03 Jun 2024 [116]
170 Great Commission Media Ministries  United States 21 Jun 2024 03 Jun 2024 [116]
171 Dekoder [de]  Germany 01 Jul 2024 30 May 2024 [117]
172 Center for Strategic and International Studies  United States 01 Jul 2024 11 Jun 2024 [117]
173 Democratic Community of Russian-Speakers in Finland  Finland 08 Jul 2024 20 Jun 2024 [118]
174 Vuoksi Ry  Finland 08 Jul 2024 20 Jun 2024 [118]
175 MitOst  Germany 10 Jul 2024 20 Jun 2024 [119]
176 The John Smith Trust  United Kingdom 10 Jul 2024 26 Jun 2024 [119]
177 The Moscow Times  Netherlands 17 Jul 2024 03 Jul 2024 [120]
178 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace  United States 18 Jul 2024 01 Jul 2024 [120]
179 Assembly of the Peoples of the Caucasus  France 02 Aug 2024 16 Jul 2024 [121]
180 EF Education First  Switzerland 05 Aug 2024 16 Jul 2024 [121]
181 OSTMOST Foundation  Poland 05 Aug 2024 16 Jul 2024 [121]
182 Konrad Adenauer Foundation  Germany 14 Aug 2024 31 Jul 2024 [122]
183 Kulturus  Czech Republic 14 Aug 2024 30 Jul 2024 [123]
184 MRR-Fund (My Russian Rights)  Germany 14 Aug 2024 30 Jul 2024 [123]
185 Russland hinter Gittern  Germany 14 Aug 2024 30 Jul 2024 [123]
186 For your and our freedom (Czech: Za vaši a naši svobodu)  Czech Republic 14 Aug 2024 30 Jul 2024 [123]
187 Deputies of Peaceful Russia  Germany 27 Aug 2024 13 Aug 2024 [124]
188 Clooney Foundation for Justice  United States 27 Aug 2024 14 Aug 2024 [124]
189 Belsat  Poland 01 Oct 2024 11 Sep 2024 [125]
190 Fund 24.02  Ukraine 04 Oct 2024 18 Sep 2024 [126]
191 Media in Cooperation and Transition  Germany 30 Oct 2024 07 Oct 2024 [127]
192 Internationale Assoziation für Intellektuelle Spiele  Liechtenstein 14 Nov 2024 30 Oct 2024 [128]
193 Young Presidents Organization  United States 14 Nov 2024 30 Oct 2024 [127]

Reactions

[edit]

Russia's human rights ombudsperson Ella Pamfilova said the power given to the Prosecutor General to designate groups "undesirable" without going to court contradicts the Russian constitution and condemned the lack of a right to appeal.[129][130]

German Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesperson said that the law was an attempt to further isolate and discredit members of civil society who were critical of the government.[131]

Britain's Minister for Europe, David Lidington, said it was "yet another example of the Russian authorities' harassment of NGOs and those who work with them in Russia".[132]

The US State Department stated it was "deeply troubled" by the law and expressed concern that it "will further restrict the work of civil society in Russia and is a further example of the Russian government's growing crackdown on independent voices and intentional steps to isolate the Russian people from the world".[133] The Deputy Chief of the US Mission to the OSCE Permanent Council urged the Russian government "to uphold its international obligations and OSCE commitments to respect the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly and association, and the rule of law."[134]

Amnesty International said the bill would "squeeze the life" from civil society, while Human Rights Watch warned it would be locals who would be worst-hit.[135] Veteran human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva described the law as "another step toward lowering the curtain between our country and the West."[5]

On 13 June 2016, the opinion of the Venice Commission on Russian undesirable organizations law[136] was published. According to the Venice Commission conclusion, Russian undesirable organizations law consists of vague definition of certain key concepts, such as "non-governmental organisations", which determines whether the activities of a foreign or international NGO may be declared undesirable, "directing of" and "participating in" the activities of a listed NGO, coupled with the wide discretion granted to the Office of the Public Prosecutor and the lack of specific judicial guarantees in the Federal Law, contradicts the principle of legality. The automatic legal consequences (blanket prohibitions) imposed upon NGOs whose activities are declared undesirable (prohibition to organise and conduct mass actions and public events or to distribute information materials) may only be acceptable in extreme cases of NGOs constituting serious threat to the security of the state or to fundamental democratic principles. In other instances, the blanket application of these sanctions might contradict the requirement under the European Convention on Human Rights that the interference with the freedom of association and assembly has to respond to a pressing social need and has to be proportional to the legitimate aim pursued. Furthermore, the inclusion of an NGO in the List should be made on the basis of clear and detailed criteria following a judicial decision or, at least, the decision should be subject to an appropriate judicial appeal.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации [On amendments of some legislative acts of the Russian Federation] (Federal Law 129-FZ) (in Russian). State Duma. 23 May 2015.
  2. ^ "Putin Signs Russian Law to Shut 'Undesirable' Organizations". Wall Street Journal. Associated Press. 23 May 2015. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  3. ^ "Нежелательные" иностранцы, Radio Liberty, January 14, 2015
  4. ^ Госдума приняла закон о расширении категорий нежелательных организаций
  5. ^ a b "Russia draws criticism over law targeting 'undesirable' NGOs". ABC News. 24 May 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  6. ^ "Russia: Events of 2015". World Report 2016: Russia. Events of 2015. Human Rights Watch. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  7. ^ "Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International among 5 organizations in proposed 'undesirables' list". Meduza. Meduza/RBC Information Systems. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  8. ^ Sharkov, Damien (8 July 2015). "Russia draws up first list of 'undesirable' NGOs to be banned". Newsweek. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  9. ^ "В "стоп-лист" НКО вошли Фонд Сороса и Всемирный конгресс украинцев". RIA.ru. RIA Novosti. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Statement of MacArthur President Julia Stasch on the Foundation's Russia Office". www.macfound.org. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  11. ^ "Заместитель Генерального прокурора Российской Федерации Владимир Малиновский подписал решение о признании нежелательной на территории Российской Федерации деятельности иностранной неправительственной организации "Национальный фонд в поддержку демократии"". www.genproc.gov.ru. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  12. ^ "Russia stepping up its onslaught on freedom of association" (PDF). AI Index: EUR 46/2223/2015. Amnesty International. 4 August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  13. ^ "Russia bans George Soros foundation as state security 'threat'". Reuters. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  14. ^ "George Soros' pro-democracy charity banned in Russia for being a threat to state". Telegraph.co.uk. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Russia Brands European Vote-Monitoring Groups 'Undesirable' Ahead Of Election". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 14 March 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  16. ^ "List of foreign and international non-governmental organizations whose activities are recognized as undesirable on the territory of the Russian Federation". Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (in Russian). Moscow: Government of the Russian Federation. 2 February 2024. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  17. ^ Luhn, Alec (28 July 2015). "National Endowment for Democracy is first 'undesirable' NGO banned in Russia". The Guardian. Moscow. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  18. ^ a b Schearf, Daniel (30 November 2015). "Russia Blacklists Soros Foundations as 'Undesirable'". Voice of America. Moscow. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  19. ^ Toner, Mark C. (4 December 2015). "Designation Under Russia's "Undesirables" Law of the U.S.-Russia Foundation". U.S. Department of State. Washington, DC. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  20. ^ Kirby, John (10 March 2016). "Designation Under Russia's "Undesirables" Law of the National Democratic Institute". U.S. Department of State. Washington, DC. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  21. ^ a b Ovsyannikova, Anastasia (22 August 2016). "Russia Bans More International Organizations". Human Rights Watch. Moscow. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  22. ^ a b MacFarquhar, Neil (26 April 2017). "Russia Bans Group Led by a Kremlin Critic as More Protests Loom". The New York Times. Moscow. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  23. ^ Berg, Evgeny (27 April 2017). "Prosecutor General's Office deems Open Russia "undesirable organization". What happens now?". Meduza. Moscow. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  24. ^ Touma, Ana Maria (4 July 2017). "Russia Bans Romanian-American Democracy Organisation". Balkan Insight. Bucharest. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Russia to eject German democracy NGO". Deutsche Welle. 14 March 2018. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  26. ^ Zavadskaya, Margarita; Huskey, Eugene (4 April 2018). "Russian Analytical Digest No 217: Russian Presidential Elections". ETH Zurich. Berlin. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  27. ^ "Russia Declares U.S. German Marshall Fund 'Undesirable'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  28. ^ "Russia Moves To Restrict U.S.-Based Environmental Group, Labeling It 'Undesirable'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 28 August 2018. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  29. ^ "Russia Justice Ministry Classifies U.S.-Based Free Russia Foundation 'Undesirable'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 28 June 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
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