Sade was born in Ibadan, British Nigeria, and was brought up in England from the age of four. She studied at Saint Martin's School of Art in London and gained modest recognition as a fashion designer and part-time model before joining the band Pride in the early 1980s. After gaining attention as a performer, she formed the band Sade, and secured a recording contract with Epic Records in 1983.
A year later the band released the album Diamond Life, which became one of the era's best-selling albums and the best-selling debut by a British female vocalist. In July 1985, Sade was among the performers at the Live Aid charity concert at Wembley Stadium, and the next year, she appeared in the film Absolute Beginners. The band released their third album (Stronger Than Pride) in 1988, and a fourth album (Love Deluxe) in 1992. The band went on hiatus in 1996 after the birth of Sade's child.
After eight years the band reunited in 1999 and released Lovers Rock in 2000. The album departed from the jazz-inspired inflections of their previous work, featuring mellower sounds. Ten years later the band released of Soldier of Love, their sixth studio album, and toured arenas worldwide.
Helen Folasade Adu was born on 16 January 1959 in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.[15] Her middle name, Folasade, means "crowned with wealth" in Yoruba.[16] Her parents are Adebisi Adu, a Nigerian lecturer in economics of Yoruba background, and Anne Hayes, an English district nurse; they met in London, married in 1955, and moved to Nigeria.[15] Sade was four years old when her parents separated. Hayes returned to England with Sade and her elder brother, Banji, to live with their maternal grandparents near Colchester, Essex.[17] Aged 11 Sade moved to Holland-on-Sea, Essex with her mother and brother.[18] After completing her education at Clacton County High School and Colchester Institute at the age of 18, she moved to London and studied fashion design at Saint Martin's School of Art.[15][17][19]
After completing a three-year course in fashion design, and later modelling briefly, Sade began backup singing with British band Pride. During this time, she formed a songwriting partnership with Pride's guitarist/saxophonist Stuart Matthewman; together, backed by Pride's rhythm section, they began doing their own sets at Pride gigs.[20] Her solo performances of the song "Smooth Operator", co-written with Ray St. John, attracted record companies' attention, and in 1983 Sade and Matthewman split from Pride, along with keyboardist Andrew Hale, bassist Paul Denman, and drummer Paul Cook, to form the band Sade.[15][20] By the time she performed her first show at London's Heaven nightclub, she had become so popular that 1,000 people were turned away at the door. In May 1983, Sade performed her first US show at New York City's Danceteria nightclub. On 18 October 1983, Sade Adu signed with Epic Records. The rest of the band signed in 1984.[21]
Following the record deal, the group began recording their debut album, Diamond Life, which took six weeks to record and was recorded entirely at The Power Plant in London.[22]Diamond Life was released on 16 July 1984, reached number two in the UK Album Chart, sold over 1.2 million copies in the UK, and won the Brit Award for Best British Album in 1985.[23] The album was also a hit internationally, reaching number one in several countries and the top ten in the US, where it sold in excess of four million copies. Diamond Life had international sales of over six million copies, becoming one of the top-selling debut recordings of the '80s, and the best-selling debut ever by a British female vocalist.[20]
"Your Love Is King" was released as the album's lead single on 25 February 1984 and was a success in European territories, charting at number seven in Ireland and number six on the UK Singles Chart.[24][25] The song was less successful in the US, where it peaked at number 54 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[26] The third single, "Smooth Operator", was released on 15 September 1984 and became the most successful song in the US from the album Diamond Life. The track peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the US BillboardHot Black Singles, as well as peaking at number one on the US BillboardAdult Contemporary chart.[27] In Europe the song fared well, peaking at number 19 in the UK,[28] and reaching the top 20 in Austria, Switzerland, France, and Germany.[29]
In late 1985, the band released their second album, Promise, which peaked at number one in both the UK and the US[30][31] and became the band's first album to reach number one on the US Billboard 200. The album topped the chart in 1986 and spent two weeks at the peak position.[32] Eventually, the album went on to sell four million copies in the region and was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[33] The album spawned two singles "Never as Good as the First Time" and "The Sweetest Taboo," the latter of which was released as the album's lead single and stayed on the US Hot 100 for six months.[34] "The Sweetest Taboo" peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, number one on the US adult Contemporary chart, and number three on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.[35] Sade was so popular that some radio stations reinstated the '70s practice of playing album tracks, adding "Is It a Crime" and "Tar Baby" to their playlists.[34] The following year, 1986, the band won a Grammy Award for Best New Artist.[36]
In 1986, Sade made her acting debut in Absolute Beginners, a film adapted from the Colin MacInnes book of the same name about life in late-1950s London. Sade played the role of Athene Duncannon and lent her vocals to the film's accompanying soundtrack.[37] The film was screened out of competition at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival and grossed £1.8 million in the UK.[38]
Sade's third album, Stronger Than Pride, was released on 3 May 1988, and like Sade's previous album became a commercial success and certified three times platinum in the US.[33] The album was popularized by four singles, most notably the album's second single "Paradise", which peaked at number 16 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at number one on the US BillboardHot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, becoming the band's first single to do so.[39]
Love Deluxe was released as the band's fourth studio album on 26 October 1992. The album peaked at number three on the US Billboard 200[40] and has sold 3.4 million copies in the United States.[41] The album was later certified four times platinum by the RIAA for shipments of four million copies.[42] The album was also commercially successful elsewhere, reaching number one in France,[43] and reaching the top ten in New Zealand,[44] Sweden,[45] Switzerland,[46] and the UK.[47] The album went on to be certified gold in the United Kingdom. In November 1994, the group released their first compilation album, The Best of Sade. The album was another top ten hit in both the United Kingdom and the United States,[48] certified platinum and four times platinum, respectively.[49]
The compilation album included material from Sade's previous albums, as well as a cover version of "Please Send Me Someone to Love" (1950), originally by Percy Mayfield.[50]
To promote the album, Sade and the band embarked on their fifth concert tour entitled Lovers Rock Tour. The tour was announced via the band's website in April 2001.[56] The announcement stated the tour would begin in the summer of 2001 with 30 shows. Initial dates were rescheduled due to extended rehearsal time. The shows sold well, with many stops adding additional shows. In August 2001, the tour was extended by eight weeks due to ticket demand.[57] Deemed by many critics as a comeback tour, it marked the band's first performances since 1994 and took place in 2001. Although many believed the trek would expand to other countries, this did not occur. With over 40 shows, it became the 13th biggest tour in North America, earning over $26 million.[58]
Following the tour, the band released their first live album, Lovers Live on 5 February 2002 by Epic Records. Lovers Live reached number ten on the US Billboard 200 and number 51 on the UK Albums Chart, the band's first album to miss the top twenty in the UK. The album was certified gold by the RIAA on 7 March 2002, having reached US sales of 562,000 copies,[59] while the DVD was certified platinum on 30 January 2003 for shipping 100,000 copies.
Following the release of Lovers Rock, Sade took a ten-year hiatus, during which she raised her child and moved to the Caribbean. During this time, she made a rare public appearance for an award ceremony that took place in 2002 to accept an Order of the British Empire (OBE) at Buckingham Palace for services to music.[60] In 2002, she appeared on the Red Hot Organization album, Red Hot + Riot, a compilation CD in tribute to the music of fellow Nigerian musician, Fela Kuti. She recorded a remix of her hit single "By Your Side" for the album and was billed as a co-producer.
The band's sixth studio album, Soldier of Love, was released worldwide on 8 February 2010, and was their first album in ten years to contain new material.[17] Upon release, the album received positive reviews and became a success.[61] The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States with first-week sales of 502,000 copies. Soldier of Love became the band's first album to debut at number one and the band's second album to peak at number one on the chart. The album also had the best sales week by a group since Australian band AC/DC released their album Black Ice and entered the Billboard 200 at number one in November 2008.[32] Consequently, the band became the act with the longest time between number-one albums, as the band's Promise (1985) and Soldier of Love were separated by 24 years, 10 months and 2 weeks.[62]
In April 2011, the band began their Sade Live tour (also known as the "Once in a Lifetime Tour" or the "Soldier of Love Tour").[69] The band toured Europe, the Americas, Australia and Asia to promote the band's sixth studio album and their second compilation album, The Ultimate Collection (2011). This trek marked the band's first tour in nearly a decade[70] and ranked 27th in Pollstar's "Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year)", earning over 20 million dollars.[71] At the conclusion of 2011, the tour placed tenth on Billboard's annual "Top 25 Tours", earning over $50 million with 59 shows.[72] The tour was chronicled with Bring Me Home - Live 2011, released in May 2012.
In March 2018, she (and the reunited Sade band) released the acoustic ballad "Flower of the Universe" for the soundtrack to the Disney film A Wrinkle in Time. About asking Sade to contribute to the album, director Ava DuVernay wrote "I never thought she'd say yes, but asked anyway."[73] Later that year, Sade released "The Big Unknown" for the soundtrack to the 20th Century Fox film Widows. The film's director, Steve McQueen, stated that Sade agreed to write the song for the film, because "the original series of Widows had deeply resonated with her."[74] For a couple of weeks in 2022, the band visited Miraval Studios in France for the first time since recording some of their albums Promise and Stronger Than Pride.[75] The successor to Soldier of Love is rumoured to be in progress.[76]
The New Yorker described Sade's voice as a "grainy contralto full of air that betrays a slight ache but no agony, and values even imperfect dignity over a show of pain", a "deeply English" quality that makes categorising the artist's voice difficult.[77] Her voice was described by the BBC as "husky and restrained" and compared to singer Billie Holiday. BBC called her songwriting "sufficiently soulful and jazzy yet poppy, funky yet easy listening, to appeal to fans of all those genres."[78] Sade has been called a "pop star".[77] With the musicians in her band, Sade, The New Yorker wrote, "created one of the most profitable catalogues in pop"; the band's "easy" sound backing songs "exploring the heavier lifting inside love: commitment, consistency, friendship."[77] Her success has been attributed to a combination of her unique beauty, seemingly indefinable origins, and mysterious persona.[77] In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Sade at No. 51 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[79]
Sade's work has influenced and been recognised by many singers and hip hop artists. Rapper Rakim of Eric B. & Rakim stated he grew up listening to Sade's music and was influenced by her voice and style. Rakim has also referred to Sade's song "Smooth Operator" in the song "Microphone Fiend" (1988).[80]Talib Kweli stated he learned about precision from Sade due to her performance of Love Deluxe in its entirety at Madison Square Garden.[80] Rapper Missy Elliott cited Sade's performance of "Smooth Operator" as one of her favourites. Hip hop group Souls of Mischief stated they grew up listening to Sade's music.[80] Hip hop group Tanya Morgan also described Sade as one of their favourite artists.[80] Other rappers to recognise Sade include the former rap duo of Clipse – Malice and Pusha.[80] In reaction to the newly released album Soldier of Love, rapper Kanye West wrote, "This is why i still have a blog. To be a part of moments like this ... new Sade ... How much better this ... than everything else?".[80] Rapper Rick Ross stated in an interview that "People may know my infatuation with Sade. There's never been a bad Sade track. I love all different sides."[81]
American singer Beyoncé called Sade's music a "true friend" and an inspiration.[82] The late singer Aaliyah said that she admired Sade because "she stays true to her style no matter what ... she's an amazing artist, an amazing performer ... and I absolutely love her. Incidentally, Aaliyah and Sade shared the same birthdate of January 16th’"[83] American R&B singer Brandy has cited Sade as one of her major vocal influences.[84] Heavy metal singers Greg Puciato and Chino Moreno have also named her as an inspiration.[85][86]
Sade squatted in Tottenham in the 1980s, with her then boyfriend Robert Elms.[87] In 1989, she married Spanish film director Carlos Pliego. Their marriage ended in 1995.[15] Sade moved briefly to the Caribbean to live with Jamaican music producer Bob Morgan in the late 1990s[15] and gave birth on 21 July 1996 to her first child, who later sang on Sade's song "Babyfather" in 2010. Sade and Morgan separated, and she has been in a relationship with Ian Watts, a former Royal Marine, since 2007; from this relationship, she has a stepson.
In 2016, on National Coming Out Day, Sade's child, Izaak Theo Adu, came out as a transgender man.[88][89][90] In September 2019, Izaak posted a message online, thanking his mother for her support through his transition.[91] In the fall of 2024, Sade and the Red Hot Organization's TRANSA project released "Young Lion", a song dedicated to her son.[92]
In 2005, Sade moved out to the British countryside, where she bought a run-down cottage to renovate. Sade rarely grants interviews.[93]
^Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums. London: Guinness World Records. ISBN9781904994107.
^Whitburn, Joel (2012). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 9th Edition: Complete Chart Information about America's Most Popular Songs and Artists, 1955–2009. Billboard Books. pp. 556, 796, 801. ISBN9780307985125.
^Kai, Maiysha (16 January 2019). "The Music, the Myth, the Muse: Sade Turns 60". The Glow Up. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019. A glimpse at her rare quotes and interviews reveal a woman introspective enough to recognize her own polarities—as well as a telling respect for her own need for space.
^James, Rapheal (2014). 100 Pioneer/ Remarkable Women of the Century: In Celebration of Nigerian Centenary. Nigeria: JARAPH Books. p. 98. ISBN978-9783030824.
Murray, Charles Shaar (23 May 1985). "Sade: Sophisticated Lady". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
Pearson, Roger (24 June 1995). "Suing Over Song Royalties". Billboard. p. 50. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Peters, Mitchell (27 August 2011). "The Love Moment". Billboard. pp. 16–19. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Walker, Nicole (18 December 2000). "Sade". Jet. pp. 60–64. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
Newspapers
Eccles, Peter R. (7 February 1986). "Sade: Nigerian Pop Princess". Observer-Reporter. Washington, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. p. B5. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
Farley, Christopher John (6 November 2000). "Sade Art & Soul". Time International (Canada Edition). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
Harrington, Richard (10 January 1986). "Sade's Platinum Life". The Age. The Washington Post. pp. 12–13. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
Holden, Stephen (25 May 1988). "The Pop Life". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
Holden, Stephen (12 December 1985). "Pop: Sade at Radio City". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
Holmes, Steven; Kohan, John; Schoenthal, Rhea (13 April 1986). "Much Adu about Sade". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 107. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.