Schilling is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Anne Schilling, American mathematician
- August "Gus" Schilling (1908–1957), American film actor
- Bobby Schilling (1964–2021), U.S. Republican politician from Illinois
- Christian Schwarz-Schilling (born 1930), German politician
- Claus Schilling (1871–1946), German experimenter in Nazi human concentration camp experiments executed for war crimes
- Curt Schilling (born 1966), American Major League Baseball player
- David C. Schilling (1918–1956), American military officer
- Francis X. Schilling (1868–1949), American farmer and politician
- Frank Schilling (born 1969), internet investor
- Friedrich Schilling (1858–1960), German mathematician
- Hans Schilling (aviator) (1892–1916), German flying ace
- Harry W. Schilling (1887–1958), American farmer and politician
- Heinz Schilling (born 1942), German historian
- Jeffrey Schilling, American hostage captured by Abu Sayyaf
- Jerry Schilling (born 1942), American talent manager. A member of Elvis Presley's Memphis Mafia
- Joe Schilling (born 1984), American kickboxer
- Pavel Schilling (1786–1837), Estonian-German Russian diplomat
- Peter Schilling (born 1956), German synthpop musician
- Reinhard Schwarz-Schilling (1904–1985), German composer
- Robert Schilling (historian) (1913–2004), French scholar
- Samuel Peter Schilling (1773–1852) German entomologist
- Taylor Schilling (born 1984), American actress
- Walter Schilling (1895–1943), German general
- Warner R. Schilling (1925–2013), American political scientist and international relations scholar
- William G. Schilling (1939–2019), American actor (Head of the Class)
- William R. Schilling (1991-)
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