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Shah (surname)
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Shah is a popular surname in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.[1]
Shah (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه, romanized: Šāh, pronounced [ʃɒːh], 'king') is a title given to the emperors, kings, princes and lords of Iran (historically known as Persia in the West).[2] It is different to the shah that is found in Gujarat, India, which is rather derived from Sanskrit.
History
[edit]In the Gujarat and Rajasthan region, the name 'Shah', 'Sha', or 'Sah' may be derived from Gujarati sah meaning "merchant"[3] (from Sanskrit sadhu meaning "honest, good")[3] and Prakrit Sahu[citation needed], while the actual spelling "Shah" was popularized by the Persian word for King. As a result, especially in Western culture, use of the spelling "Shah" has become far more pronounced than the other variants.[4] The word Sadhu/Sahu is also separately used to indicate a holy man, such as a Jain monk (see Namokar Mantra). The Indian surnames "Shah" and "Sahu" are variants of one another which have evolved from the word "sah" over time[citation needed]. Another variant is Sheth.[citation needed]
One early use of the title Sadhu occurs in an inscription on an AD 850 Parshvanth image in the Akota Bronzes.[5]
In numerous 12–13th century inscriptions the shravaka who installed the image is given the title "Sahu".[6]
सं १५१० वर्षे माघ सुदी ८ सोमे गोपाचल दुर्गे तोमर वंशान्वये राजा श्री डूंगरेन्द्र देव राज्य पवित्रमाने श्री काष्ठासंघ माथुरान्वये भट्टारक श्री गुणकीर्ति देवास्तत्पट्टे श्री मलयकीर्ति देवास्ततो भट्टारक गुणभद्रदेव पंडितवर्य रइघू तदाम्नाये अग्रोतवंशे वासिलगोत्रे सकेलहा भार्या निवारी तयोः पुत्र विजयष्ट शाह ... साधु श्री माल्हा पुत्र संघातिपति देउताय पुत्र संघातिपति करमसीह श्री चन्द्रप्रभु जिनबिंब महाकाय प्रतिष्ठापित प्रणमति ..शुभम् भवतु ..
A Gwalior Fort Inscription 1453[7]
For example:
- A 12th century Jain altarpiece in Los Angeles County Museum of Art mentions Grahapati Sadhu Kundha[8]
- Vibudh Shridhar mentions his patron Nattal Sahu, a 12th-century merchant prince in Delhi.
- From Gwalior: Here both Sah and Sadhu have been used in the 1510 inscription.
- From Ahar, Madhya Pradesh: " Samvat 1210 vaishakha sudi 13 grahpatyanvayae sahu shrisadhu bharya mana tayoh .. ete paNamanti nityam."
Here the word Sahu is equivalent to the Sanskrit word "sadhu". Some inscriptions use "sadhu" itself :
- From Bahuriband (Katni, MP): "Svasti shri samvat 1070 phalgunavadi ...
madhavannandinugrahitah sadhu-shri sarvadharah .."[citation needed]
The word Sadhu here does not mean a monk but a "gentleman". Some inscriptions abbreviate sahu by just "sa" just like the abbreviation in English, "Mr."[citation needed] In some business communities, genealogies are recited during marriages, where all ancestors would be respectfully called "sahu". The term "sahukari" means the profession of banking/trading, and is derived from Sahu (Sanskrit "Sadhu") and kar (Sanskrit for doer).[9] In the Bundelkhand Jain community, the father-in-law (or son's/daughter's father-in-law) used to be called "sahaji". Thus the words "Shah" etc. all indicate a respected member of the mercantile community. Today it is used by Gujarati business communities.[citation needed]
People with the surname
[edit]- Asif Shah, Nepalese TV presenter, director, producer, actor, singer, and rapper.
- Shah Abdul Karim, Bangladeshi Baul
- Amit Shah, Indian politician
- Jay Shah, Indian politician and BCCI official
- Amin Shah, Indian politician
- Amina Shah (1918–2014), anthologiser of Sufi stories and folk tales
- Amina Shah (librarian), Scottish librarian
- Amna Shah, Canadian politician
- Arvind Victor Shah, (born 1940), Swiss engineer, educator and scientist
- Ashiesh Shah, Indian architect and designer
- Bahadur Shah of Nepal, Nepalese states unifier and Prince Regent
- Balen Shah, Nepalese rapper, structural engineer, and politician
- Birendra Bir Bikram Shah, Nepalese monarch from the house of Shah dynasty
- Bulleh Shah (c.1680–c.1758), Punjabi Sufi poet
- Daisy Shah, Indian Actress
- Eddy Shah, British businessman and writer
- Ema Shah (born 1981), Kuwaiti singer, composer, and director
- Ethan Shah (born 2005), Local Ajax resident, basketball player, and philanthropist
- Fahad Shah, Kashmiri journalist
- Fahmida Shah (born 1966), British Asian silk painter
- Farah Shah, Pakistani actress and host
- Fatima Shah (1914-2002), Pakistani physician and disability activist
- Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah, Nepali former King
- Harmonica Shah (born 1946), American blues harmonicist and singer
- Hetul Shah (born 1999), Indian chess player
- Jawahar Shah (born 1955), Indian homeopath
- Jigar Shah (born 1974), Indian businessman
- Kiran Shah (born 1956), Kenyan-born actor and stuntman
- Khushdil Shah, Pakistani cricketer
- Komal Shah (disambiguation)
- Komal Shah (art collector), art collector, philanthropist, computer engineer, and businessperson in Silicon Valley
- Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah, Nepalese nationalist monarch
- Nagambal Shah, Indian-American mathematician and statistician
- Naseem Shah, Pakistani cricketer
- Naseeruddin Shah, Indian actor
- Naz Shah (born (1973), British Labour Party politician
- Neel Shah, American physician
- Neer Shah, Nepalese actor, musician, and filmmaker
- Nirav D. Shah, American epidemiologist, economist and attorney
- Owais Shah, English cricketer
- Paul Shah, Nepalese model and actor.
- Pooja Shah (born 1979), British Asian actress
- Prithivi Narayan Shah, Nepalese monarch from the house of Shah dynasty
- Rahil Shah, Indian cricketer
- Raj Shah, American politician
- Rajendra Keshavlal Shah (1913-2010), lyrical poet who wrote in Gujarati
- Raline Shah (born 1985), Indonesian actress
- Rajiv Shah (born 1973), administrator of the United States Agency for International Development
- Ratna Pathak Shah, Indian actress
- Ravindu Shah (born 1972), Kenyan cricketer
- Ray Shah (born 1978), contestant on the fourth series of the British Big Brother
- Rishi Shah (born 1985/86), American billionaire, founder of Outcome Health
- Roger Shah, German electronic music producer
- Safia Shah, author
- Saira Shah, English author, reporter and documentary filmmaker
- Saleem Shah, Indian-American psychologist
- Salman Shah (economist), Pakistani economist
- Salman Shah (actor), Bangladeshi actor
- Sanjay Shah, Dubai-based businessman
- Satish Shah, Indian film and television actor
- Tejal Shah (born 1979), Indian visual artist, curator
- Ushna Shah, Pakistani actress
- Yasir Shah, Pakistani cricketer
See also
[edit]- Nattal Sahu
- Singhai
- Sheth
- Saha (surname)
- Shah
- King (surname), the English parallel
References
[edit]- ^ Kumar, R. (2006). Costumes and textiles of royal India. ISBN 1851495096
- ^ Yarshater, Ehsan Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi Archived 2010-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, Iranian Studies, vol. XXII no. 1 (1989)
- ^ a b Parkin, Harry (ed.). Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain (2021 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191939877.
- ^ "Shah Name Meaning and History". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- ^ Akota Bronzes, Umakant P.Shah, 1959, p. 52-53
- ^ Kasturchand Jain Suman, Bharatiya Digambar Jain Abhilekh aur Tirth Parichay, Madhya-Pradesh: 13 vi shati tak, Delhi, 2001
- ^ Gopachal ke Jinamandir Archived October 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine [dead link]
- ^ Indian Sculpture: 700-1800, Volume 2 of Indian Sculpture: A Catalogue of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection, Pratapaditya Pal, University of California Press, 1988, p. 306
- ^ John Shakespear. A dictionary, Hindustani and English, 1834, p.1035
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